Теоретичні положення фінансової безпеки як складової економічної безпеки підприємства

Introduction. Financial and economic security is an important component of the study of the state of domestic enterprises. The rapid pace of digitization of all spheres of activity prompts economists to study the impact of these processes on the financial and economic security of enterprises. Domestic enterprises are in the process of adapting to the digital environment, which at the same time causes significant risks and threats to economic security. In such conditions, the task of determining the tools and use of marketing support for the financial and economic security of enterprises arises, which involves the systematic application of quality standards to reduce or eliminate possible risks and threats in economic activity. Purpose of the article is to research of the main trends caused by the digital environment and their impact on financial and economic security; analysis of marketing support of financial and economic security of enterprises on the basis of international quality standards. Method (methodology). The information method was used for the research in order to obtain informative data from scientific sources and the Internet; methods of system analysis, classification and comparative analysis - when distinguishing types of quality standards and marketing research standards, generalization method - for formulating conclusions from the conducted research. Results. The impact of digitization processes on ensuring the financial and economic security of enterprises and the need for measures to adapt to the modern digital environment are substantiated. The place of financial security in the system of economic security of the enterprise is defined. The goal of ensuring the financial and economic security of the enterprise has been established. The existing definitions of the concepts of "financial and economic security" are summarized. The application of marketing analysis of the environment of the functioning of business entities in order to determine the factors that affect financial security is argued. The main international standards of marketing research, which allow determining the factors influencing financial security, are highlighted. The system and content of international quality standards, which are strategic tools for ensuring the financial and economic security of the enterprise, have been established.

The purpose of the research is to establish the characteristic features and signs, the inherent mechanism and strategies of managing financial and economic security, which should be used by domestic enterprises in the war period and in the post-war recovery period in the conditions of the development of Industry 4.0 trends in the realities of the BANI world. Defects in the organization and functioning of the financial and economic security management mechanism were identified, which began to be clearly investigated during the work of business entities in wartime conditions. Additional elements of the financial and economic security management mechanism of the enterprise in the conditions of Industry 4.0 and BANI World are proposed. The peculiarities of the strategy and mechanism of managing the financial and economic security of enterprises in various models of the world system are specified. The outline of the GUARDIAN strategy for the implementation of the tasks of strategic management of the financial and economic security of enterprises was developed and the expediency of its use in the realities of Industry 4.0 and BANI World was substantiated.The development of a new paradigm of strategic management of financial and economic security for the post-war recovery of business entities in the conditions of BANI World, taking into account the trends of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, allows expanding the limits of the application of the tools of effective security-oriented management. In order to successfully optimize traditional approaches to financial and economic security management in the post-war period, it is necessary to transform the financial and economic security management mechanism to ensure its readiness to counteract the impact on the enterprise's corporate resources from the threat of military aggression, global pandemics, the development of the trend of Industry 4.0 and BANI world.

In the modern conditions of the world economy, the structural components of economic security can be considered at different levels of the hierarchy of relations, in particular: 1.The global level, where the key factors affecting the economic security of the world economy are determined.This includes international agreements, economic relations between countries, international organizations and other global instruments affecting the state of economic, information and ecological security.2. Regional level, where specific aspects of economic, information and ecological security are considered in individual regions or a group of countries.Regional agreements, trade blocs, energy cooperation, economic integration and other regional initiatives are key components of economic security at this level.3. National levelcomponents of economic, information and ecological security that reflect the policies and strategies of a specific country.This includes internal reforms, the level of economic stability, foreign trade policy and other internal aspects affecting the economic security of the country.4. Sectoral levelreflects economic, information and ecological security in specific sectors such as finance, energy, information technology, and other industries that may be critical to overall economic, information and ecological security.Depending on the level of the hierarchy, these components interact with each other and affect the general state of economic, information and ecological security at different levels of the global economy.

Due to a number of external uncontrolled factors of negative influence, Ukrainian business entities functioning in the hospitality and tourism business have seen the most severe crisis and depression over the past three years. In order to survive in such conditions and develop the business intensively, Ukrainian business entities must clearly define internal problematic aspects to correct them promptly, as well as the potential opportunities towards which the maximum effort should be directed. The article offers and justifies an approach to assessing the financial and economic security of hospitality and tourism business entities in the complex modern conditions under which the Ukrainian economy is developing. In order to achieve the research goal, the methods of systematization, grouping, and logical generalization were applied.The article systematizes the key aspects of ensuring the financial and economic security for the company's activities that should be followed by its management, describes the structure of an enterprise's financial and economic security, and formulates the concept of financial and economic security for business entities in hospitality and tourism. The paper also specifies the sequence of stages, which would be advisable to follow when managing the financial and economic security of hospitality and tourism enterprises. The authors have summarized the approaches to assessing an enterprise's financial and economic security in modern literature and have grouped the indicators of financial and economic security for hospitality and tourism business enterprises. The study analyzes the dynamics of financial indicators which comprehensively characterize the functioning of temporary accommodation and catering enterprises, as well as economic operators of tourist activity in Ukraine and offers an approach to assessing the financial and economic security of hospitality and tourism business enterprises which base their activities on the innovation potential. The results of the study prove that differentiating and operating the components of hospitality and tourism business operators' innovation potential is expedient and improves their financial and economic security.The practical significance of the obtained results lies in increasing the financial and economic security and innovativeness of hospitality and tourism business enterprises in Ukraine by applying the proposed approach to evaluation as a monitoring tool.

У статті розглянуто сутність фінансово-економічної безпеки та її місце в системі економічної безпеки підприємства. Досліджено механізм управління фінансово-економічною безпекою підприємства, визначено структуру і зміст його основних складових, дано їх загальну характеристику. Обґрунтовано, що виконання завдань і функцій системи фінансово-економічної безпеки здійснюється у разі дотримання певних принципів та застосування ряду методів управління фінансово-економічною безпекою підприємства.

The modern paradigm of financial and economic security management of innovation-oriented socio-economic systems should be based on guidelines for action and management decisions aimed at ensuring and improving the level of financial and economic security. The authors consider the management of financial and economic security of innovation-oriented socio-economic systems in terms of complexity and individuality of the choice of components. The article identifies the levels of a comprehensive system of financial and economic security of higher education institutions as socio-economic organizations (institutions). The authors propose to manage the financial and economic security at both the tactical and strategic levels. This study identifies the main functions, principles and criteria of the regulatory and planned level of financial and economic security of higher education institutions and puts forward a modern concept of security of innovation-oriented socio-economic systems. The article proves that the management of financial and economic security of innovation-oriented socio-economic systems has a complex structure, which includes: goals, principles, actors, objects, tasks, functions, measures, levers and tools. Each of these components has its own characteristics, performance requirements, relationships. Innovation-oriented socio-economic systems for their safe operation must independently develop and adhere to a defined management strategy, the stages of which are described for their practical use in the management of financial and economic security. To ensure and increase the level of financial and economic security of innovation-oriented socio-economic systems, the following methods should be developed: technical, financial, informational, legal, personnel, intellectual and innovative. The authors of the article include the following principles of financial and economic security of innovation-oriented socio-economic systems: timeliness, complexity, system, legality, activity, specialization, coordination and interaction, centralization, management flexibility and sufficiency in management. These principles are included in the general structure of the management system of financial and economic security of non-productive entities.

The paper describes concept of "enterprise’ financial security" in modern conditions and compares the main approaches to its definition taking into account the complex nature of this economic category (from the point of view of the object of paramount attention, the task of the security system and the criterions of security). The authors identified two approaches to understanding the financial security of the enterprise: the first approach, which considers financial security in terms of the enterprise’ ability to withstand the threats of the internal and external environment; the second approach determines the enterprise’ financial security as the ability of the enterprise to perform its activities effectively in an uncertain and competitive environment. In addition, the study identified the essence of enterprise’ financial security management, its purpose, objectives, functions, principles, mechanism and basic elements of management. In the course of the research it was found that the most important in the enterprise’ financial security management is to built adequate mechanism of financial security management. The authors define such mechanism, as a set of basic influence’ elements on the process of development and implementation of management decisions to ensure the protection of his financial interests against various threats. Moreover, the authors investigated the systems of enterprise’ financial security analysis, which allow to investigate the financial condition and main results of financial activity of the enterprise in order to determine the level of protection of his financial interests from threats and identify the reserves for its improvement. The system of integral analysis was defined as the system that gives the most solid conclusions about the state of financial security. The main reason for this is that above mentioned system allows to conduct a deeper financial analysis, to evaluate the main areas of financial activity of the enterprise and to aggregate the obtained data into one indicator. Keywords: enterprise's economic security, enterprise's financial security, mechanism of the enterprise`s financial security, management of the enterprise`s financial security.

The purpose of this article is to develop a model and proposals for the organization of management of financial and economic security (FESM) of port enterprises (PE). Improvement of the management of financial and economic security we propose to begin with the development of methodological approaches to assessment of the level of financial and economic security. To do this, the article makes a proposal to use a functional criterion, which is defined as the ratio of costs for the organization and operation of the financial security service to the profit obtained during the period of the study. Also, a set of indicators is developed that, unlike existing ones, take into account specifics of the industry. The article also proposes optimal plans for cargo processing, which result in a minimum cost and maximum profit. Through the function of process management, a comprehensive statistical model of managing the system of financial and economic security of port enterprises is proposed. This model takes into account specific factors of PE operation and developed approaches that ensure the organization of PE FES management by embracing traditional financial approaches and their alternatives. The authors state that for the effective organization of financial and economic security of port enterprises it is necessary to conduct timely monitoring of external and internal threats, assess and analyze the level of financial and economic security and develop strategic ways of enterprise development. And the recommendation to the management is to carry out well-timed control and audit of financial condition.

The article is devoted to the systematization of financial indicators for assessing the level of countries economic security and defining the role and importance of indicators in the system of economic security monitoring. It is determined that the indicator approach is the most common in terms of assessing and monitoring the level of financial security and allows for effective management of financial risks. In this case, indicators act as measures of the degree of stability, reliability and efficiency of the country's economic system. The authors prove that indicators form the methodological basis for monitoring the level and status of economic and financial security. The indicators are classified according to security subsystems and take into account the peculiarities of their formation. The authors analyze the approaches to systematization of financial indicators used in Ukrainian practice, in particular, within the framework of the official methodology for assessing the level of Ukraine’s economic security, as well as within the methodology for assessing the level of financial stability and sustainability used by the National Bank of Ukraine. Among the approaches developed and implemented at the international level, the author examines the IMF Financial Sustainability Indicators System, the IMF and World Bank Debt Sustainability Framework, The World Bank Global Findex Database, and The system of Financial Indicators for Socioeconomic Development of The World Bank (Open Data). Keywords: financial indicator, economic security, financial security, security monitoring, resilience.

State security is a key issue both for the state as an entity and for its inhabitants. The economic security of the state is a particularly important component which can manifest itself on many different levels. The most important of them is financial security. This aspect of security is relevant as in modern economies money is the key value. Therefore, the financial security of the state is a component of economic security, but at the same time its key determinant. The level of financial security, which in the simplest terms is an ability to raise funds when needed, is influenced by a number of factors, the most important of which are the stability of the financial sector, the size of public debt, as well as the size and structure of the country’s foreign exchange reserves. This paper attempts to analyze individual factors that affect the condition of financial security of the state. In the next part, a structural analysis of the most important aspects of the state’s financial security was performed. The research showed that the state of Poland’s financial security could now be assessed quite highly, but the effectiveness of all the measures taken by the government and the central bank to date would be verified in the near future through the development of the situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

The article examines the theoretical and applied foundations of the assessment of financial and economic security in the system of financial monitoring of the enterprise's activity. It is emphasized that the financial monitoring of the enterprise's activity characterizes the functional mechanism of constant monitoring of the enterprise's financial indicators, which includes obtaining, systematization, and analysis of financial information in order to establish cause-and-effect relationships, based on the comparison of analytical data of the enterprise's functioning with normative ones. Monitoring of the financial activity of the enterprise must be carried out at various stages of financial management in order to make key managerial financial decisions. It is noted that in the economic literature there are various methods of assessing the level of financial and economic security of economic entities, which are based mainly on the ratio analysis of financial statements. Analyzing these methods, it is advisable not to allow an excessive number of coefficients, since, duplicating each other, they do not bring much benefit to the formation of a holistic picture of the level of financial and economic security. Monitoring of the effectiveness of the financial and economic security of the enterprise is based on methods of assessing the probability of bankruptcy. Based on the obtained results of the use of models for assessing the probability of bankruptcy, it was established that the investigated enterprise is not in danger of bankruptcy. However, there is a gradual decrease in estimated indicators, and if the company does not take measures to maintain financial and economic security in proper condition, it may enter the risk zone. Attention is focused on the fact that in order to diagnose crisis situations, the enterprise needs constant monitoring of factors that cause internal and external threats to financial and economic security. Measures that can be aimed at neutralizing the threat of a financial crisis are proposed. In general, the assessment of financial and economic security as a component of the system of financial monitoring of the enterprise's activity must be considered as an important tool for its sustainable development and successful functioning.

The study determines that Ukraine's national interests are in the sustainable development of the national economy, integration into the European economic area, the development of equal and mutually beneficial economic cooperation with other states. It is highlighted that an important place in the security sector is occupied by challenges related to russia's armed aggression. The content of such a category as "economic security" is analysed and existing approaches to its definition are considered. It is proposed that the essence of economic security can be presented as a state of security of self-sufficient development of the country, which guarantees sustainable growth of economic indicators, effective satisfaction of the needs of the population, protection of the interests of the state at the national and international levels through the successful implementation of financial, industrial, foreign economic, investment, innovation and macroeconomic security tasks. A systematic fragmentary analysis of the main indicators characterising the economic security of Ukraine is carried out. It is noted that the indicators of all the main components of economic security remain low, with high risks of large-scale destabilisation in the development of the economy in the long term. The author suggests factors for improving the level of economic security of Ukraine in the context of russia's military aggression and the reconstruction of Ukraine in the post-war period.

Summary. The article examines the linkages between financial stability and the level of its economic security. Considered the content of financial stability, represented by its own definition, we studied the basic conditions to achieve it. The logic diagram showing the location of financial stability and financial security to ensure the economic security of the business entity. A system of internal and external factors affecting the financial stability and endanger financial stability and financial security company. It has been established that it is the internal factors such as the availability of financial resources and financial position, capital structure, the company's ability to generate profits determine the level of economic security and its ability to withstand the negative impact of external and internal threats. The necessity of improving the financial sustainability in order to improve the economic security of the enterprise. On the basis of the research proposed matrix of risks affecting the financial stability and economic security, which allows to determine the probability of their occurrence and impact. It presents the economic, social, human, financial, organizational, economic, innovative and productive tools to increase the stability and financial security of an economic entity. List considered standard measures will make a plan of action to minimize the adverse impacts and enhance financial stability and security. Therefore, a prerequisite for the economic security of the enterprise is the attainment of financial stability.

The article examines modern geo-economic changes in the modern world in connection with the transition to a new technological structure, the importance of finance in ensuring the economic security of Russia. The Government of Russia is recommended to study carefully the experience of economic reforms in China, as well as the management structure of sectors of the economy in this country in order to adopt positive experience to ensure Russia's economic security. It is shown that the goal of the development of the Russian economy should not be the formation of a consumer society, but a society of high culture, prosperity, enlightenment and the fulfillment of traditional conservative values. Effective employment of the population is the foundation of the social state and its national, economic and financial security. One of the important areas of strengthening the national, economic and financial security of Russia is: deepening economic integration with Belarus, the meaning of which is to create an advanced innovative economy of the Union State. The American national security strategy states that US national security can only be ensured if the country is of the world leadership (dominance). In the foreseeable future, science will determine the socio-economic structure, competitiveness of the country's economy and, therefore, its national, economic and financial security. Further modernization of the Russian economy is possible only on the basis of large new investments. In this regard, the Government of Russia is recommended to tighten control over the export of capital abroad.

The military actions in Ukraine have actualized the transformation and revision of existing approaches to assessing the country’s economic security. Financial security, which is considered in this paper through its standard components such as financial sector security, stock market security, debt and budget security, has a significant effect on the formation of economic security. At the same time, digitalization in the financial sector was identified as a new component that provides access to financial resources even in the context of the deployment of hostilities in Ukraine. Therefore, this study assessed the effect of the state of financial security, taking into account the importance of financial digitalization for the economic security of Ukraine. Based on quarterly data for the period 2015–2021, 42 indicators were analyzed, which were grouped according to the relevant components of financial security, and their integral indicators were determined using the Harrington method. A factor analysis of the formation of economic security was carried out using the principal components analysis, and an integral indicator of a country’s economic security was calculated based on the Kinney multiplicative convolution. The integral indicator of economic security for 2025–2021 doubled and amounted to 0.63 units, which was due to the increased influence of financial digitalization processes, all other components either slowly decreased or were stable. Thus, the reserve of economic security that was formed during this period, including due to the intensive digitalization of the financial sector, allowed Ukraine to survive the first weeks of the war and ensure the functioning of the financial system. Acknowledgment Comments from the Editor and anonymous referees have been gratefully acknowledged. Inna Shkolnyk and Yevhenii Kozmenko gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (0122U000774 “Digitalization and transparency of public, corporate and personal finance: the impact on innovation development and national security”).