ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ПРОДОВОЛЬЧОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ В УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЙНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ

Food security is a current research topic, and most scientific papers in this field focus on its analysis on a global level.The presented paper focuses on the analysis of food security in European countries and its features.It emphasizes the need for objective indicators that will suit the specifics of European countries, which may seem food-secure from a global point of view.The analysis used the definition of food security and its pillars according to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and used available data for 12 variables in 4 pillars of food security over the period of 2012-2020 for all accessible countries to produce composite indicators for European countries.Performance according to this indicator was compared with the ranking produced by the global food security index (GFSI).The comparison showed some limitations of the GFSI for the analysis of food security in European countries.The major problems were the smaller numbers of countries included in the GFSI, its complexity (which may hide some specific food security problems in the region), and weights derived from the subjective opinions of expert panels.However, the GFSI can be very useful for identifying the main issues at the world level, and the presented analysis recommends deriving objective weights for this kind of analysis in European countries by data envelopment analysis with dummy input.Derived weights can also be used as a measure of performance in each food security pillar.Analysis identified weak food security conditions in Eastern and Southeastern Europe.Surprisingly, weak performance compared to other European countries was recorded by France and Slovakia.Measuring food security in European countries: limitations of the global food security index and its comparison with the DEA approach 643

The assessment of a country's food security level is a crucial task due to the need to ensure a stable supply of food during periods of economic and social upheaval, particularly during military conflicts or other emergencies. For Ukraine, amid ongoing hostilities, issues of food security and mitigating the negative effects of disruptions in agricultural production are of particular importance. As of today, there is no universally accepted scientific approach to assessing the level of food resilience that takes into account the specifics of each region and the country as a whole, allowing for analytical comparisons and providing scientifically grounded data for the formation of effective policies in this area. The aim of this study is to justify methodological recommendations for determining the level of food resilience using Ukraine as a case study. Accordingly, the proposed methodological recommendations include a set of indicators based on the selection of those that most comprehensively characterize the country’s food security in structural and cyclical aspects. It has been determined that the level of a country's food resilience is the degree of stability, adaptation, and recovery from external and internal shocks that affect the food system's ability to provide the population with sufficient, safe, and nutritious food. The results of the assessment of Ukraine's food resilience level using the Integrated Food Resilience Index in 2022 indicate an adequate level. The country has favourable conditions for food supply, although there are some issues in certain cyclical and structural aspects. The food system is developed despite the war, but there are opportunities for improvement.

This article aims to analyze how the Global Food Security Index (GFSI) has evolved across the European countries for the period 2012-2018. In this respect, we have taken as a starting point the Report of Global Food Security Index 2018 as well as the scientific literature from the main stream of publications focusing on food security. The data presented were analyzed and presented statistically, on the basis of which we prepared tables relevant to the proposed goal. The aim of this research is to determine the most vulnerable countries in terms of food security. We analyzed the evolution of the Global Food Security Index for the period 2012-2018, and the subcategories of indicators underlying the determination of the overall GFSI index score: food affordability, food availability, food quality and safety. We also looked at the adjustment indicator data used to determine the GFSI index, natural resources and adaptability. The natural resources and adaptive capacity indicator measure the exposure of a country to the impact of a changing climate; its susceptibility to the risks of the natural resources and how a country adapts to these risks. When applied, it acts as an adjustment factor for countries' food security scores. The originality of the paper is to build a globally optimized index for GFSI to provide a comparative analysis of European countries in terms of food security, highlighting Romania's position in this scientific approach. The motivation for calculating the optimized global food security index lies in the fact that it has only sub-indicators contributing to significant achievements, and its refining has gone through mathematical processing that led to a more relevant hierarchy. The indicator categories selected within this article are based on the analysis conducted by the Economist Intelligence Unit, Research Division of The Economist that is the world leader in global business intelligence in the above-mentioned report. On the basis of the analysis we drew conclusions regarding the food security in Romania compared to the European countries.

The management of threats and risks of food security does not meet the needs of the sustainability of the development of the food system in the conditions of modern upheavals and stresses. The new geopolitical and economic conditions of the functioning of the sphere of food production and consumption require the formation of a new concept of economic security. Based on the assessment of modern threats and risks to the sustainable development of the food system, the authors developed a categorical apparatus and formed their own system of methodological principles for the study of the economic growth of the food system. The sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex is of particular importance for increasing competitiveness and ensuring the country's food security. In general, the sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex allows to create conditions for the transformation of companies' strategies in the field of ESG, to form stable supply chains, to create favorable conditions for the development of the connection between the city and agricultural territories, to satisfy the needs of the population and to improve the quality of life of the population. The research methodology, based on a systemic, complex, institutional approach, made it possible to determine the content of economic security as its ability to ensure the stability and competitiveness of all elements and the ability to resist external and internal threats, guaranteeing food security at the level determined by strategic national priorities. The purpose of the article is to define and substantiate the directions and priorities of sustainable growth and post-war development of the economy of Ukraine. Factors of sustainable development are proposed, taking into account external and internal risks and competitiveness priorities. The importance of finding innovative approaches to the management of subjects of economic relations in post-war conditions is proven. The problems and priorities of achieving sustainable functioning of the economy based on a closed cycle of production and achieving the goals of sustainable development are defined. Global political and economic changes lead to the fact that a company successful in the past pre-war conditions can become both an outsider and a leader of a new paradigm of sustainable economic systems. It is substantiated that the proposed methodological approach should be used as a basis for monitoring the economic security of the food system at the macro- and meso-level, as well as in the development of directions for improving the agro-food policy in new geopolitical and economic conditions. Keywords: economic security, growth, risks, food system, sustainable development, national interests, threats, ESG factors, innovation and investment activities

In the face of growing climate, economic, and social challenges, an integrated strategy is required to ensure the resilience of food systems in vulnerable regions is strengthened. This study aims to formulate strategies for increasing food security in Mercosur countries amid extreme climate events and socio-economic and environmental crises. These strategies are based on an analysis of the following: (i) changes in food security levels (Global Food Security Index); (ii) self-sufficiency in major agricultural products; (iii) key economic and environmental drivers between 2012 and 2022; and (iv) an assessment of the effectiveness of public policies aimed at alleviating the effects of poverty and drought between 2022 and 2023. A SWOT analysis was conducted to identify the strengths and weaknesses of food systems, as well as the opportunities and threats facing Mercosur countries. Significant differences in food systems’ availability and resilience have been revealed by the results, and the need for integrated regional policies in the countries studied has been highlighted. Recommendations for the region include developing infrastructure and logistics; investing in research and innovation; combatting poverty and inequalities; adapting to the effects of climate change; promoting the local production of fertilisers and biofuels; and implementing coherent monitoring mechanisms (GFSI).

Global food insecurity, driven by population growth, is a critical issue. The Global Food Security Index (GFSI) serves as a pivotal tool, evaluating 113 nations on parameters such as affordability, availability, quality and safety, and sustainability and adaptation. This study analyzes GFSI and population growth in China and Pakistan from 2012 to 2022 using statistical tools. Pakistan ranked 84th on the GFSI scale, while China ranked 25th. The population growth rate decreased significantly in China. Both countries experienced increases in GFSI scores, but China consistently outperformed Pakistan. This disparity can be attributed to Pakistan’s persistent challenges related to food insecurity. In Pakistan, the analysis reveals a positive and significant correlation between GFSI and the parameters of affordability and availability. However, the correlation with quality and safety was negative and insignificant, while sustainability and adaptation showed a positive but insignificant correlation. In contrast, China exhibited positive and significant correlations across all indicators. When comparing population growth rates, Pakistan demonstrated negative and significant correlations with GFSI and affordability, negative and insignificant correlations with availability, and positive but insignificant correlations with quality and safety, as well as sustainability and adaptation. China, however, showed negative and statistically significant correlations with all indicators except affordability and quality & safety, these are insignificant. This study underscores the importance of tailored policy interventions to bolster food security in both nations, addressing the key factors contributing to their respective challenges.

Objective. The purpose of the article is to compare the levels and mechanisms of food security management in Ukraine and Poland, to identify the main factors influencing the processes of its formation and to determine the directions of increasing the level of Ukraine food security. Methods. The scientific results of the study were obtained using the following methods: theoretical generalization and comparison (for the study of meaningful aspects of the definition of «food security»), analysis and synthesis (for comparative analysis of Ukraine and Poland food security levels), abstract-logical method (for establishing the links between the level of economic development of countries and the levels of their food security and determining the directions of increasing the Ukraine level of food security). Results. On the basis of a comparative analysis of Ukraine and Poland food security levels, a significant gap in Ukraine’s provision of food security has been identified. Thus, with respect to all food security components identified by FAO, except for the «use» of sanitary and safe drinking water, Poland has reached far ahead of Ukraine. It has been found that for the period 2012–2018, the value of the Global Food Security Index for Ukraine decreased by 2.1 due to a decrease in the level of affordability and availability of food, while the Polish side increased its position on GFSI by 2.8 due to the increase in affordability and availability of food in the country. It has been found that the decisive influence on the level of food security in Poland, as well as high ranking in the ranking is carried out by the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), the implementation of the Polish Rural Development Program and significant public spending on agriculture. It has been determined that the main directions for improving the level of food security of Ukraine should be: lifting the moratorium on the sale of agricultural land; financing the agri-food sector not only through public spending but also through EU programs; creation and implementation of the National Rural Development Program; full and unconditional implementation of Government programs on EU integration; adaptation to the EU Common Agricultural Policy standards.

Annotation. Objective. The research is aimed at studying the current state of the animal husbandry industry, identifying the main problems in the animal husbandry industry and substantiating the priority areas used by the state to support agricultural producers. Methods. In the course of the research, analytical and economic-statistical methods; general scientific methods of system, comparative and structural-logical analysis were used. Results. The article presents the results of assessing the current situation in livestock farming in Kazakhstan, the dynamics of the number of livestock and poultry for 2015–2019, which affects the growth of gross livestock production, as well as the number of farm animals by region as of January – December 2019. The dynamics of the production of livestock products is analyzed as one of the priority areas for ensuring the country's food security, as well as the export, import and consumption of livestock products in the domestic market for 2015–2019. The main problems in the livestock industry are identified. The measures applied by the state to support agricultural producers through direct subsidies from local budgets are disclosed. The dynamics of subsidizing the development of livestock breeding and livestock products are presented, and the problems of the subsidy system are indicated. Identified the need to improve state support of the agroindustrial complex of Kazakhstan, the importance of state regulation of the agrarian sector of Kazakhstan to ensure the country's food security and sets out some measures of state regulation of development of agroindustrial complex. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that it convincingly reveals the main problems of animal husbandry at the present stage, the directions of state financial support for agricultural producers are determined, the need to improve the issues of state support for the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan is substantiated.

Subject. The article addresses the activities of the agro-industrial complex of Russia to ensure the country's food security in the context of sanctions, using the case of the most important sectors of crop production. Objectives. The aims are to perform a retrospective analysis of the grain and sugar beet industries development in Russia, to describe the role of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation in ensuring the country's food security in the context of foreign trade restrictions. Methods. The study employs methods of analysis and synthesis, grouping and comparison, abstraction, generalization, and analogy. The dynamics of the main parameters characterizing the activity of the most important branches of crop production was analyzed on the basis of statistical data, using the methods of mathematical modeling and systems analysis. Results. The presented analysis helped identify the main trends in the development of the grain and sugar beet subcomplexes of the agro-industrial complex, to assess the achieved levels of provision of the population with the main food resources and the processing industries of the agro-industrial complex of Russia with agricultural resources. The achieved levels of provision with food resources correspond to the viewpoints of specialists and the World Health Organization on rational levels of consumption. Conclusions. At present Russia has a real opportunity to maintain a high level of consumption of agricultural products by the population, to provide the processing industry with agricultural raw materials, to increase the export of agricultural products of the most important sectors of the agro-industrial complex.

Currently, ensuring the country's food security is a priority in the country's state policy. The authors have analyzed the agriculture of the Krasnodar Territory and established its contribution to the development of the country's agro-industrial complex. The region is one of the key regions in Russia for agricultural production and holds a leading position in the production and processing of agricultural products, ensuring the country's food security. The Krasnodar Territory has favorable natural conditions that allow for the cultivation of crops in the temperate and subtropical zones. There are more than 2,200 food industry enterprises in the region, producing more than 2,500 types of products. The main industries are the fat and oil industry, the dairy industry, the meat industry, the sugar industry, and the fruit and vegetable industry. The region ranks first in Russia in terms of gross agricultural production (10% of the national total), rice production (74%), grape cultivation and winemaking (1/3 of all Russian vineyards), and sugar production (25% of the national total). In addition, there was a significant contribution to the all-Russian production of tea leaves – 100%, cucumbers - 22.3%, sugar beet – 10.1%, wheat – 15%, fruits and berries – 11%, sunflower – 20%.

Purpose. The purpose of the article is the assessment of the countries’ food security level and its connection with the agricultural sector results. Methodology / approach. The methodology for calculating the food security level is proposed by international organizations, national authorities, and individual researchers. Due to the fact that food security is a complex flexible concept and cannot be limited to the determination of one separate indicator, we propose to calculate a complex general indicator of food security level using the integral taxonomic estimation method and compare its results with those which provided by international organizations, in particular the Global Food Security Index developed by Economist Impact and supported by Corteva Agriscience and Food Security Index developed by Deep Knowledge Analytics. Results. The article proposes the calculation of countries’ food security level using the integrated rating evaluation method and comparing its results with the results provided by different international organizations, identification of problematic local components of food security, and improving food security mechanism. Correlation coefficients and multivariate regression of dependence of global food security index on affordability, availability, quality and safety, sustainability and adaptation are presented. Functions of subjects of different levels of the hierarchy during interaction to ensure food security are considered. Components of food security ensuring mechanism, which will lead to innovations in food security, are proposed. The obtained results show that the availability of large fertile land and labor resources in the country, and the presence of favorable natural and climatic conditions for farming are insufficient for the high food security level, so it is also necessary to ensure food infrastructure in the country, the concern of the authorities for the citizens standard of living, ensuring political stability, etc. Originality / scientific novelty. The level of food security is calculated and compared with the results of international organizations, using the maximum set of publicly available indicators, which include systems supporting food production, food distribution and supply chains, and food consumption indicators. The indicators that have the greatest impact on the food security level were identified, which will make it possible to influence these indicators timely to ensure a sufficient and acceptable food security level. Practical value / implications. Timely research of ensuring food security, which depends mainly on agricultural products and is implemented through the possibility of purchasing food, taking into account its price, purchasing power, and availability in the appropriate quantity and quality will lead to social stability, meeting the food necessity, the country's independence from imports, the development of its food production, the creation of reserves to stabilize food security in an emergency, unforeseen circumstances in the future. The results of the research can be useful both for agricultural enterprises and for the authorities, which must pursue a balanced state agricultural policy, take care of farmers’ financing, timely resource provision, and ensure a stable, accessible, sufficient, safe, and balanced nutrition level of the population.

. In the article, the author examines the evolution of the role of food security, both at the historical stages of development and in the modern world, as well as its place in the system of ensuring economic and national security of the state. The strategic priority of agrarian policy in most countries was ensuring food security, which was understood primarily as self-sufficiency in food. This became especially relevant in the 50s of the XX century as a result of the fact that military actions violated previously imposed trade relations, and violations in this area arose under the influence of the payment crisis. The purpose of the article is an analysis of modern structural changes in the agricultural sector and their impact on the country's food security. The methodological basis of the research in the article is the scientific work of the authors in the field of economics of culture, innovation management, management in the field of culture, as well as social partnership. The research was carried out on the basis of general scientific methods of research - a systematic approach, analysis and synthesis, methods of typological and comparative analysis, empirical methods. The object of the study is the sphere of culture, which needs conditions in which organizational and financial reforms are carried out, as well as the development and application of innovative management methods. The hypothesis of the study. Currently, all developed countries of the world, including the United States, Japan, and the EU countries, have their own national programs, laws and measures to ensure national food security. Presentation of the main material. The primary tasks of the state in the sphere of regulation of agro-industrial production should be the stabilization and development of agro-industrial production, ensuring food security, improving food security of the population, maintaining economic parity between agriculture and other sectors of the economy, converging income levels of workers in agriculture and industry, protecting domestic producers in the sphere of agro-industrial production. From the point of view of welfare economics, "the problem of food safety and quality is one of the specific features of the functioning of the agricultural market, which determine its equilibrium in a Pareto inefficient state. This, in turn, is the economic basis for the need for state policy intervention in the agricultural sector and the possibility of redistributing the financial resources of society for its development. The originality and practical significance of the study. In our opinion, the existing problem of food security should be considered in the context of economic security, since it concentrates the main directions of agricultural policy and economic reforms in the current market conditions. This process reflects the real trends in the development of agricultural production, the state of the market and the position of consumers in it, determines the degree of involvement and dependence on the world food market, applies the mechanism of state strategy taking into account internal and external factors in order to create the main life support system – food security. Conclusions. Taking into account the interests of economic security and socio-political stability in society, it should be noted that the food and agricultural complexes always remain the most important sectors of the economy. The primary task is to create conditions for economic management and entrepreneurial stability in the agro-food sector of the economy and to ensure state support for producers

This article addresses the growing need for evidence-based analytical tools capable of explaining how economic and institutional factors shape food security under the pressures of war, global crises, and rising uncertainty. The study develops and empirically verifies a multifactor correlation–regression model designed to quantify the impact of GDP per capita and political stability on the Global Food Security Index (GFSI) and the progress toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 2 “Zero Hunger.” Using data from the Global Food Security Index, the World Bank, and the Worldwide Governance Indicators for 32 countries in 2022, the authors estimate a linear model and evaluate its statistical robustness through R² statistics, t-tests, p-values, VIF diagnostics, and a correlation matrix. The results demonstrate that both economic well-being and institutional stability are statistically significant determinants of food security, jointly explaining more than half of the cross-country variation in GFSI. The analysis reveals a strong positive relationship between income levels and food system resilience, as well as between political stability and the reliability of food supply chains. Special attention is given to Ukraine, whose substantial deviation from the global trend reflects the destructive consequences of full-scale war, including disrupted logistics, reduced production capacity, and heightened vulnerability of households. The study highlights the necessity of integrating income-growth policies, institutional recovery, and comprehensive food-system development to strengthen national resilience. The findings contribute to the empirical literature by offering a transparent quantitative model that can be used for comparative international assessments, policy evaluation, and forecasting. Ultimately, the research emphasizes that sustainable improvements in food security require simultaneous progress in economic capacity, governance quality, and strategic risk management, which together form the foundation for enhancing GFSI indicators and accelerating the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals.

In the current conditions of the destruction of the agricultural sector in Ukraine as a result of armed aggression, fierce competition in the sector is intensifying. The enterprises that remained on the market, in addition to internalcompetition, also have tough external competition with leading agricul-tural holdings of other countries. Therefore, in order to ensure an appropriate level of competition on global markets for domestic agricultural enterprises, it is necessary to form newmechanisms for ensur-ing the economic security of both the sector and the state in general. The agro-industrial sector is a strategically important aspect of ensuring food and economic security of the country, especially in the conditions of martial law and post-war reconstruction of the state. One of these directions is the creation of agricultural and industrial formations that will allow enterprises to create a closed cycle of produc-tion, which will contribute to increasing their competitiveness and economic stability.The article examines the main aspects of ensuring economic security through the development of capitalization of agrarian and industrial formations. Positive and negative aspects of the capitalization of integrated formations were singled out. The main directions of capitalization of agricultural and industrial formations are proposed. The importance of the development of the agricultural sector of the economy for the country's economic and food security has been proven. The structure of theagrarian sector of the economy in the general structure of the state economy is analyzed. Ten leaders of the agricultural industry in Ukraine are singled out. The activity of the largest integrated agro-industrial formations in Ukraine is studied, the peculiarities of their functioning, the state of development and capitalization of assets are highlighted. Directions for increasing the capitalization of integrated agri-cultural and industrial formations are proposed

Keywords:small-scale rice farmers, collective action, community rice seed, local innovations, green manure crop, contract farming, participatory technology development, up-scaling, technological configuration, grid-group theory,Northern ThailandMany small-scale rice farmers practise collective action to overcome production constraints, and to generate and redistribute benefits for maintaining improved household livelihoods. The practice is particularly important for small-scale rice farmers inNorthern Thailandwhere rice-based livelihood diversification prevails.The thesis seeks to build an understanding of farmer capacity in cooperation, as well as to identify crucial enabling factors that stimulate collective action to enhance continued learning and adaptation for sustainable development, via analysis of group attributes in relation to four sets of elements: agro-ecological conditions, socio-economic variables, cultural context and the role of government intervention. The study focuses on small-scale rice farming inNorthern Thailand, with the aim to understand the social and technical relations involved in rice based farming systems, and to illuminate scope for participatory technology development more generally.This thesis targets rice farmers because of their important contribution to the country's food security and social economic development.The research was carried out during 2003-2005 ina village with viable forms of collective action (Dong Palan, DPL) and in another village (Buak Mue, BM), included for comparative purposes, where off-farm employment affects labour use and household composition in such a way that collective action eroded or has a different orientation.Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used for data collection. Semi-structured interviews of key informants, group meetings, focus group discussion, farmer workshops and participant observation were all employed.The collective action was explored under four case studies including (i) community rice seed production scheme, (ii) local innovations in rice farming (frog protection as integrated pest management practice, modification of weed slashing machine as hand-held rice harvesting equipment, and double rice transplanting technique), (iii) participatory technology development in green manure crop, and(iv) contractfarming.There are various forms of collective actions, and the forms suitable for technology development depend on social and material circumstances in the local context. The varying organizational forms of collective action reveal a hybridity of institutional modalities, which is further described, using grid-group theory, by the level of regulation of individual behaviour and the level of absorption of individuals in group memberships. The most important institutional and individual mechanisms are flexible forms of benefit sharing, recognizing and managing common interests, trust building, and finally, joint problem solving and knowledge exchange among farmers themselves and between farmers and external agencies.This thesis evidently shows that effective technology development and agro-technological innovation depend on social relationships and, more specifically, on the capacity to link to existing forms of collective action.Technology that works isa configurationresulting froma combination of agro-ecological conditions, technological artifacts and social arrangements, including collective action.The incentive for people to participate in technology development as well as the management and development of resources is a major enabling factor for sustainable collective action. In addition, collective knowledge can make an important contribution to technology development and innovation so that people with long experiential learning from trial and error in rice farming are able to integrate their own knowledge with outside knowledge in developing technology.This thesis indicates that horizontal up-scaling worked in the context of DPL which exhibits good social networking among farmers, but not in BM village.The observed variety in organizational forms and social coherence leads to an important lesson for the practice of participatory technology development, namely that attractive technologies may be incommensurable with realities in rural economies. Hence, an insight from this thesis is that constructing a fit-for-all model of collective action for small-scale and sustainable technologies may not be desirable because of the different social and material conditionalities in the field.