Пути развития современной урологии. Что нас ждет завтра?

Joaquín Maria Albarrán (1860-1912) is broadly known as a brilliant mind and a pioneer of modern urology, in spite of his short life. Born in Cuba and being early an orphan, he was sent to Barcelona to study Medicine. Graduate at the age of seventeen, he continued his studies in Paris, where he was trained in surgery and urology, and spent the rest of his life having an extraordinary career as urology surgeon, chief of the Urology Department in Necker Hospital and professor at Paris Faculty of Medicine. Since his first studies, he had been passionate with anatomy, histology, pathology and microbiology and embodied in his books, today considered as classics, a great amount of the special knowledge he had for these fields and the most accurate descriptions of the operative techniques for the urinary tract system.

Plain Language SummaryAntibiotics are often given before or during surgery to help prevent infections. This practice is called antibiotic prophylaxis. While it can protect patients, using antibiotics too widely or for too long can cause bacteria to become resistant and make future infections harder to treat. This article explains the main recommendations of the new German national guideline on antibiotic prophylaxis in urological surgery and compares them with the 2025 European guideline. Both guidelines were created by experts who carefully reviewed the scientific evidence to find the safest and most effective ways to prevent infection while using antibiotics responsibly. The German guideline recommends giving one single dose of antibiotics 30–60 min before surgery. It discourages continuing antibiotics after the operation unless a patient is at particularly high risk of infection. A second dose may be needed only for very long operations or if there is major blood loss. For common urological procedures, the guideline offers clear and practical advice. A prostate biopsy through the rectum should include both targeted antibiotics and cleaning of the rectal area with an iodine solution. For the transperineal biopsy, antibiotics can often be safely omitted if the urine is sterile and the skin is properly disinfected. Single-dose prophylaxis is usually enough for operations on the kidney, bladder, or prostate, while antibiotics are not routinely needed for simple procedures such as cystoscopy or shock-wave treatment. Together, these recommendations promote safer, more consistent, and more responsible antibiotic use in modern urology.