АДАПТИВНАЯ СИСТЕМА ЗАЩИТЫ СЕНСОРНЫХ СЕТЕЙ ОТ АКТИВНЫХ АТАК

CPS is complex distributed systems, which contain computing, communications, and control. CPS is a product of the combination of physical world and the cyber world. The cyber world needs a lot of physical equipment to deal with perception and communication, then collect and transfer the information in the real environment, and by computation to forecast what might happen in future real environment, at last through the control strategy to achieve the optimal solution. In short, cyber physical system is the complex systems combination with computation system, sensory system and control system. Cyber physical system through more extensive connection, the physical world more thorough cognition, more effectively control the physical world, make the information world and the physical world closer integration, realize coordination awareness and control of the physical world. The paper through the analysis of the human perception system, build a cyber-physical fusion system based on human perception architecture.

Digital twins emerge in many disciplines to support engineering, monitoring, controlling, and optimizing cyber-physical systems, such as airplanes, cars, factories, medical devices, or ships. There is an increasing demand to create digital twins as representation of cyber-physical systems and their related models, data traces, aggregated data, and services. Despite a plethora of digital twin applications, there are very few systematic methods to facilitate the modeling of digital twins for a given cyber-physical system. Existing methods focus only on the construction of specific digital twin models and do not consider the integration of these models with the observed cyber-physical system. To mitigate this, we present a fully model-driven method to describe the software of the cyber-physical system, its digital twin information system, and their integration. The integration method relies on MontiArc models of the cyber-physical system's architecture and on UML/P class diagrams from which the digital twin information system is generated. We show the practical application and feasibility of our method on an IoT case study. Explicitly modeling the integration of digital twins and cyber-physical systems eliminates repetitive programming activities and can foster the systematic engineering of digital twins.

A CPS is defined as integration of computation and physical processes. In cps, downsized and embedded devices execute physical processes by monitoring and controlling entities in the physical world. Service-oriented architecture (SOA) provides the concept of packaging available functionalities as interoperable services. Services can be used to construct applications. But, in the context of cyber-physical systems, there are special characteristics and requirements. For example, physical entities are exclusive, but services can be used by several consumers at the same time through multi-threading. Lots of applications are Safety-Critical in cyber-physical systems. Taking all these characteristics and requirements into consideration, this paper introduce application rebuild framework and lease protocol into cyber-physical systems. The atomicity property of lease protocol guarantees that an application either is granted the leases for all requested services or it gets no lease at all. Applications which aren't granted the leases for all requested services will be rebuilt by application rebuild framework to ensure applications will be started in time. The architecture of cyber-physical systems proposed by this paper can improve the availability and adaptability of application. A prototype system is implemented to show the practicability of the architecture of cyber-physical systems.

Construction of approximate reasoning model for dynamic CPS network and system parameter identification

Guest Editorial

The strategic application domains of Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) [7,6] include health care, transportation, managing large-scale physical infrastructures, and defense systems (avionics). In all these applications there is a need to acquire reliable resources in order to provide trustworthy services at every service request context. Hence we view CPS as a large distributed highway for services and supply chain management. In traditional service-oriented systems service, but not resource, is a first class entity in the architecture model and resources are assumed to be available at run time to provide services. However resource quality and availability are determining factors for timeliness and trustworthiness of CPS services, especially during emergencies. So in the service-oriented view of CPS discussed in this paper we place services around resources, because resource constrain service quality. We investigate a resource-centric, and context-dependent model for service-oriented CPS and discuss 3-tiered architecture for service-oriented CPS in this paper.

The general architecture of adaptive robotic systems for manufacturing applications

Cyber Physical Systems (CPSs) are both software and hardware intense systems which are integrated into the digital world. An increasingly relevant application area for CPSs are software-driven industrial Production Automation Systems. A major driver of these Cyber Physical Production Systems is the need to integrate intelligent and smart functionalities into the production process at runtime that can run in the cyber world and do not radically change the underlying control flow of the physical plant. To gather the necessary knowledge for smart functionalities both cyber and physical parts must be captured, kept and analyzed together in a suitable CPS architecture – also despite frequent evolutionary changes during their whole (usually relative long) life span. This paper addresses this problem by presenting a service-component architecture for smart service-oriented CPSs which can manage implicit knowledge by acquiring, handling and analyzing domain specific service-components with respect to the CPS context.

The growing requirement for the rise of production, quality, and efficiency of industrial products drives humans to jointly develop novel technologies capable of following up with the exponential technology growth they are facing today in production processes. In the 21st century, industrial internet of things (IIoT) is dedicated to endorsing the internet of things (IoT) to allow the interconnection of anywhere, any time, and anything to enhance efficiency, productivity, intelligence, and safety in the manufacturing system. Consequently, the combined IoT and cyber physical system (CPS) in IIoT will have an influence on industrial techniques through the industrial 4.0 confluence to encourage connected factories. CPS effectively combines physical and cyber components employing modern components such as sensors, network, and computing technologies. But various securities challenges rising in the CPS, like increasing cyberattacks due to the increase in IoT devices, modelling of security threads, CPS vulnerabilities assessment development techniques, and designing of fault-tolerant architectures, motivate new technologies to meet CPS requirements in order to offer security, confidentiality, and reliability of users’ data. Thus, this chapter presents the classification of various existing studies based on CPS security in terms of IIoT applications. Also, it provides the limitations, shortcomings, CPS architectures, and future potential applications to help researchers in the context of practical work.

High reliability is an important characteristic of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). New CPS components/subsystems have to be developed for the detection, isolation, recovery and prevention of failures and external attacks. To address this challenge, we propose a multi-agent-based subsystem architecture that can detect and prevent CPS hardware components' failures. The architecture comprises of several types of agents with well-defined behaviors which cooperate to fulfil the goal of the CPS subsystem. We evaluate the performance of the proposed approach using reliability metrics for a CPS aimed at monitoring ambient and environmental parameters.

Security threats and measures for the cyber-physical systems

OSGi-based services architecture for Cyber-Physical Home Control Systems

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) integrates computing and communication resources with sensing and actuation functionalities, for physical world entities and processes. CPS realizes connections of the computational and communications infrastructures with the physical reality. Integrating the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, CPS is already involved in various applications in building industrial systems, according to the Industry 4.0 concept. Internal and cross-organizational services associated with the production value chains can also be realized. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) proved to be an efficient approach for CPS architectures, being able to cope with the heterogeneity of the industrial systems, to assure interoperability. In this paper we propose a CPS architecture, using a SOA approach, integrating a Soap ad Rest and based gateway, which enables a seamless interoperability within the industrial and manufacturing processes and services providing in business environment. Through the gateway, the CPS resources and services can be accessed by mobile clients through Smartphones.

Benefitting from the advances in sensor nets, wireless communication, and embedded systems, the cyber-physical system (CPS) has been implemented in many practical areas. The cyber world and the physical world in CPS are closely linked and merged, guaranteeing the reliable and efficient performance of the physical world. The service-oriented CPS has been the hot research and development. In this paper, we present a novel velocity-profile prediction method based on the specific CPS architecture. Three main efforts have been made. First, a CPS architecture which is appropriate for velocity-profile prediction is built. Second, the hybrid velocity-profile prediction (HVPP) method is developed based on the exclusive CPS architecture. The HVPP method accomplishes the velocity-profile prediction by cooperatively employing different control units in CPS. Third, a case study in a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is performed to evaluate the effect of CPS-based service in the real application. Results of the case study demonstrate that the HVPP method can improve the fuel economy of PHEV significantly.

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) has been identified as a key technology for providing next generation applications for improving transportation, electricity delivery & usage, and healthcare in the 21st century. This paper proposes using a Web-of-Thing based Cyber-Physical System (CPS) architecture for improving road safety in intelligent transportation systems and achieving demand response in smart grids. It describes the reference model required to successfully implement CPS as well as provides two case studies on how this architecture can be used to implement CPS.