Сучасні методи вивчення якісних та кількісних параметрів кісток

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive (+) lung cancers are predictive for response to crizotinib and alectinib. There are many cases of lung cancer in which surgery cannot be performed, and such cases require diagnosis by cytological specimen or biopsy. Estimating ALK (+) lung cancer from cytomorphology would allow molecular testing to proceed without the waste of a small amount of specimen. The purpose of this study was to assess whether qualitative and quantitative cytomorphological features are sufficient for distinguishing primary ALK (+) from ALK (-) lung cancer. We examined eight qualitative cytomorphological parameters and three quantitative nuclear morphometric parameters in 17 cases of primary ALK (+) lung cancer, diagnosed by fluorescence insitu hybridisation (FISH) using histological specimens, and in 41 cases of ALK (-) lung cancer. Quantitative nuclear morphometric parameters were analysed by a computer-assisted image analysis system. In ALK (+) lung cancer, three qualitative parameters (signet ring cells, nuclear grooves and single type nucleoli) and two quantitative parameters (large nuclear area and irregular nuclear shape) were observed in significantly higher proportions. However, in ALK (-) lung cancer, one qualitative parameter (unclear and multiple type nucleoli) was seen significantly more often. These results show that the cytomorphological features of signet ring cells, nuclear grooves and nucleoli shape can help to triage a small amount of cytological and biopsy specimens for appropriate molecular testing of primary ALK (+) lung cancer.

In recent years, as a result of climate change as well as rainfall reduction in arid and semi‐arid regions, modelling qualitative and quantitative parameters belonging to aquifers has become crucially important. In Iran, as aquifers are treated as the most commonly used drinking water resources, modelling their qualitative and quantitative parameters is enormously important. In this paper, for the first time, values of salinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), groundwater level (GWL) and electrical conductivity (EC) of the Arak Plain, located in Markazi Province, Iran, are simulated by means of four modern artificial intelligence models including extreme learning machine (ELM), wavelet extreme learning machine (WELM), online sequential extreme learning machine (OSELM) and wavelet online sequential extreme learning machine (WOSELM) as well as the MODFLOW software for a 15‐year period monthly. To develop the hybrid artificial intelligence models, the wavelet is employed. First, the effective lags in estimating the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the groundwater are identified using the autocorrelation function (ACF) and the partial autocorrelation function (PACF) analysis. After that, four different models are developed by the selected input combinations and also the ACF and the PACF in the form of different lags for each of ELM, WAELM, OSELM and WOSELM methods. Then, the superior models in simulating the groundwater qualitative and qualitative parameters are detected by conducting a sensitivity analysis. To forecast the electrical conductivity (EC) by the best WOSELM model, the values of the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSC), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and the scatter index (SI) are obtained to be 0.991, 18.005 and 4.28E‐03, respectively. In addition, the most effective lags in estimating these parameters are introduced. Subsequently, the results found by the MODFLOW model are compared with those of the artificial intelligence models and it is concluded that the latter are more accurate. For instance, the scatter index and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient values calculated by WOSELM for TDS, respectively, are 5.34E‐03 and 0.991. Finally, an uncertainty analysis is conducted to evaluate the performance of different numerical models. For example, MODFLOW has an underestimated performance in simulating the salinity parameter.

To evaluate the frequency of facial asymmetry parameters in patients with head tilt versus those with head turn. This cross-sectional comparative study was performed on 155 cases, including 58 patients with congenital pure head turn due to Duane retraction syndrome (DRS), 33 patients with congenital pure head tilt due to upshoot in adduction or DRS, and 64 orthotropic subjects as the control group. The facial appearance was evaluated by computerized analysis of digital photographs of patients' faces. Relative facial size (the ratio of the distance between the external canthus and the corner of the lips of both face sides) and facial angle (the angular difference between a line that connects two external canthi and another line that connects the two corners of the lips) measured as quantitative facial parameters. Qualitative parameters were evaluated by the presence of one-sided face, cheek, and nostril compression; and columella deviation. The facial asymmetry frequency in patients with head tilt, head turn, and orthotropic subjects was observed in 32 (97%), 50 (86.2%), and 22 (34.3%), respectively (P 0.001). In patients with head tilt and head turn, the mean facial angle was 1.78º 1.01º and 1.19º 0.84º, respectively (P = 0.004) and the mean relative facial size was 1.027 0.018 and 1.018 0.014, respectively (P = 0.018). The frequencies of one-sided nostril compression, cheek compression, face compression, and columella deviation in patients with pure head tilt were found in 19 (58%), 21 (64%), 19 (58%), and 19 (58%) patients, respectively, and in patients with pure head turn the frequencies were observed in 42 (72%), 37 (63%), 27 (47%), and 43 (74%), respectively. All quantitative and qualitative facial asymmetry parameters and facial asymmetry frequencies were significantly higher in head tilt and head turn patients as compared to the control group (P 0.001). All facial asymmetry parameters in patients with head tilt and head turn were significantly higher than orthotropic subjects. The quantitative parameters such as relative facial size and facial angle were significantly higher in patients with pure head tilt than pure head turn. The results revealed that pure head tilt was associated with a higher prevalence of facial asymmetry than pure head turn.

To evaluate the clinical value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) with time-intensity curve (TIC) in distinguishing different types of hypovascular solid pancreatic lesions. A total of 89 patients with 90 pancreatic lesions (all confirmed by surgery or biopsy pathology) that manifested hypoenhancement on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) were included in this study. Six peak enhancement patterns were proposed for differentiating hypovascular pancreatic lesions. CEUS qualitative and TIC-based quantitative parameters were analyzed, and each lesion was scored based on the statistically significant qualitative parameters to evaluate the diagnostic ability of CEUS for hypovascular solid pancreatic lesions. Qualitative parameters such as peak enhancement pattern II/III/IV, penetrating vessels, centripetal enhancement, and early washout were reliable indicators of malignant lesions, and lesions scored based on these qualitative parameters, with a score ≥ 2, were highly suspected to be malignant lesions. Pattern I had an accuracy of 83.33% for predicting mass-forming pancreatitis (MFP), pattern V had an accuracy of 96.67% for predicting solid pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas (SPTP), and pattern VI had an accuracy of 81.11% for predicting neuroendocrine tumors/carcinomas (NETs/NECs). For quantitative analysis, nodule/pancreatic parenchyma echo intensity reduction ratio was significantly greater in malignant lesions. CEUS qualitative and TIC-based quantitative parameters have clinical value in distinguishing malignant from benign hypovascular pancreatic lesions. • Contrast-enhanced ultrasound helps clinicians assess patients with pancreatic lesions. • Six peak enhancement patterns are proposed for differentiating pancreatic hypovascular lesions. • Qualitative parameters such as peak enhancement pattern II/III/IV, penetrating vessels, centripetal enhancement, early washout, and quantitative parameter nodule/pancreatic parenchyma echo intensity reduction ratio were important characteristics to discriminate malignant from hypovascular benign lesions.

STUDY QUESTIONDo cumulative live birth rates (CLBRs) over multiple IVF/ICSI cycles confirm the low prognosis in women stratified according to the POSEIDON criteria?SUMMARY ANSWERThe CLBR of low-prognosis women is ~56% over 18 months of IVF/ICSI treatment and varies between the POSEIDON groups, which is primarily attributable to the impact of female age.WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADYThe POSEIDON group recently proposed a new stratification for low-prognosis women in IVF/ICSI treatment, with the aim to define more homogenous populations for clinical trials and stimulate a patient-tailored therapeutic approach. These new criteria combine qualitative and quantitative parameters to create four groups of low-prognosis women with supposedly similar biologic characteristics.STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATIONThis study analyzed the data of a Dutch multicenter observational cohort study including 551 low-prognosis women, aged <44 years, who initiated IVF/ICSI treatment between 2011 and 2014 and were treated with a fixed FSH dose of 150 IU/day in the first treatment cycle.PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODSLow-prognosis women were categorized into one of the POSEIDON groups based on their age (younger or older than 35 years), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) level (above or below 0.96 ng/ml), and the ovarian response (poor or suboptimal) in their first cycle of standard stimulation. The primary outcome was the CLBR over multiple complete IVF/ICSI cycles, including all subsequent fresh and frozen-thawed embryo transfers, within 18 months of treatment. Cumulative incidence curves were obtained using an optimistic and a conservative analytic approach.MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCEThe CLBR of the low-prognosis women was on average ~56% over 18 months of IVF/ICSI treatment. Younger unexpected poor (n = 38) and suboptimal (n = 179) responders had a CLBR of ~65% and ~68%, respectively, and younger expected poor responders (n = 65) had a CLBR of ~59%. The CLBR of older unexpected poor (n = 41) and suboptimal responders (n = 102) was ~42% and ~54%, respectively, and of older expected poor responders (n = 126) ~39%. For comparison, the CLBR of younger (n = 164) and older (n = 78) normal responders with an adequate ovarian reserve was ~72% and ~58% over 18 months of treatment, respectively. No large differences were observed in the number of fresh treatment cycles between the POSEIDON groups, with an average of two fresh cycles per woman within 18 months of follow-up.LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTIONSmall numbers in some (sub)groups reduced the precision of the estimates. However, our findings provide the first relevant indication of the CLBR of low-prognosis women in the POSEIDON groups. Small FSH dose adjustments between cycles were allowed, inducing therapeutic disparity. Yet, this is in accordance with current daily practice and increases the generalizability of our findings.WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGSThe CLBRs vary between the POSEIDON groups. This heterogeneity is primarily determined by a woman’s age, reflecting the importance of oocyte quality. In younger women, current IVF/ICSI treatment reaches relatively high CLBR over multiple complete cycles, despite reduced quantitative parameters. In older women, the CLBR remains relatively low over multiple complete cycles, due to the co-occurring decline in quantitative and qualitative parameters. As no effective interventions exist to counteract this decline, clinical management currently relies on proper counselling.STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)No external funds were obtained for this study. J.A.L. is supported by a Research Fellowship grant and received an unrestricted personal grant from Merck BV. S.C.O., T.C.v.T., and H.L.T. received an unrestricted personal grant from Merck BV. C.B.L. received research grants from Merck, Ferring, and Guerbet. K.F. received unrestricted research grants from Merck Serono, Ferring, and GoodLife. She also received fees for lectures and consultancy from Ferring and GoodLife. A.H. declares that the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Groningen received an unrestricted research grant from Ferring Pharmaceuticals BV, the Netherlands. J.S.E.L. has received unrestricted research grants from Ferring, Zon-MW, and The Dutch Heart Association. He also received travel grants and consultancy fees from Danone, Euroscreen, Ferring, AnshLabs, and Titus Healthcare. B.W.J.M. is supported by an National Health and Medical Research Council Practitioner Fellowship (GNT1082548) and reports consultancy work for ObsEva, Merck, and Guerbet. He also received a research grant from Merck BV and travel support from Guerbet. F.J.M.B. received monetary compensation as a member of the external advisory board for Merck Serono (the Netherlands) and Ferring Pharmaceuticals BV (the Netherlands) for advisory work for Gedeon Richter (Belgium) and Roche Diagnostics on automated AMH assay development, and for a research cooperation with Ansh Labs (USA). All other authors have nothing to declare.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERNot applicable.

The overall objective of the study is to determine the influence of various factors on the tightness of frame-based buildings. The study presents airtightness tests—Blow Doors Tests of single-family residential buildings made in the prefabricated wood frame technology. Primarily, the impact of selected quantitative and qualitative parameters on the determined quantity n50 was defined. For that purpose, correlation analyses were performed and the statistical hypothesis stating that there is no statistically significant linear relationship between n50 (a multiplication factor of air exchange in the building effected by pressure difference of 50 Pa) and the specified qualitative and quantitative parameters was verified. The hypothesis was verified using the F and χ2 statistics. The studies demonstrated that there are no grounds to reject the research hypothesis. The obtained results formulate a comprehensive conclusion that allows to test the tightness of buildings made in the prefabricated wood frame technology and makes the tightness results independent of many features of the examined building. Ultimately, the tightness results are only dependent on the leak of the examined object. They do not depend on roof structure, wall system, floor area, cubature, number of window openings, porch.

Study question What is the relationship between qualitative and quantitative morphokinetic parameters automatically annotated using CHLOE(Fairtility), an AI-based tool? Summary answer CHLOE score is associated with ploidy. DUC embryos have lower blastulation, form fewer good blastocysts, have increased fragmentation, slower development, lower implantation than non-DUCs. What is known already The introduction of time-lapse technologies in IVF has led to the discovery of quantitiative and qualitative morphokinetic parameters which are predictive of embryo viability (ESHRE Workshop group, 2020). The challenges of annotating videos manually remain: (i)operator variation, (ii)time-consuming; (iii)complexity of how to prioritise numerous features when determining which embryos to transfer, freeze or discard. CHLOE (Fairtility) is an AI-based tool designed to automatically capture these parameters from the time-lapse videos, removing the “black box” associated with AI, and, instead, bringing transparency and support to the embryologist responsible for the decision, thus, enhancing personalisation of care down to each individual embryo. Study design, size, duration Prospective cohort analysis on time-lapse data retrospectively collected at a single private fertility clinic in Spain between 2018-2020. 693 videos were automatically annotated (without training) using the CHLOE Artificial Intelligence (AI) tool for the following quantitative features: tPNa,tPNf,t2,t3,t4,t5,t6,t7,t8,t9,tM,tsB,tB,teB, size of ICM; and the following qualitative parameters: number of pronucleates, morphological quality of Inner Cell Mass and Trophectoderm (CHLOE Morphological scoring), identification of unusual embryo cleavages i.e. Direct Uneven Cleavage (DUCs), amongst other features. Participants/materials, setting, methods All embryos were cultured using the Embryoscope (Vitrolife) incubator. Using a range of algorithms, CHLOE generated a prediction of blastulation (at 30hpi) and implantation which were compared to outcome (blastocysts vs non-blastocysts; euploids vs Aneuploids&amp;Mosaics; Mosaics vs euploids&amp;aneuploids). Embryos identified as DUCS by CHLOE were compared with non-DUCs in terms of outcomes and in terms of endpoints generated by CHLOE (parametric continuous data assessed using 2-tail t-test, categorical data using chi-square). Main results and the role of chance Within all cleaved embryos analysed (n = 693), 29% were DUCs. DUC embryos were less likely to blastulate (DUCvsNonDUCs: 25vs50%,p&amp;lt;0.001), had a higher proportion of embryos with severe fragmentation (26% vs 3%,p&amp;lt;0.001), less likely to be suitable for biopsy (23vs87%, p &amp;lt; 0.001) lower blastulation prediction score (0.53vs0.76,p&amp;lt;0.001), lower implantation prediction score (0.21vs0.48,p&amp;lt;0.001) and slower embryo development across the all morphokinetic time-points assessed(p &amp;lt; 0.001), except for t5 (NS); than non-DUCs. DUCs and non-DUCs had similar proportion of 1,2,3PNs(5,83,5%vs 7,84,3%, NS). Within embryos that blastulated (n = 581), 25% were DUCs. DUC blastocysts were less likely to have a good quality ICM (7vs33%,p&amp;lt;0.001) or a good quality trophectoderm (9vs35%,p&amp;lt;0.05), lower implantation score (0.29vs0.52,p&amp;lt;0.05) and slower embryo development across the following morphokinetics time-points than non-DUC blastocysts. DUCs (n = 38) and non-DUC (n = 292) blastocysts had similar euploidy rate (50vs43%,NS), mosaicism rate (8vs11%,NS), and similar ratio of Euploids:Aneuploid:Mosaics (19:16:3vs126:133:33, NS). One DUC embryo was transferred, leading to an ongoing clinical pregnancy. Blastulation score was predictive of blastulation (AUC of 0.91, p &amp;lt; 0.001). Mosaic embryos had similar implantation score to non-mosaics (0.61vs0.67, NS). Euploid embryos had a higher implantation score than aneuploid blastocysts (0.71bs0.62, p &amp;lt; 0.02), so implantation score was predictive of ploidy. Limitations, reasons for caution This study involved the validation of (i) a specific AI based tool which may not be generalised across other AI tools; (ii) in a single centre. Results obtained did not involve training, suggestive of CHLOE’s ability to generalise across clinics. Presenting a framework for responsibly incorporating AI into clinical practice. Wider implications of the findings CHLOE can simplify the processing of time-lapse data to effectively, consistently, and efficiently quantify parameters that can help explain a comprehensive prediction of embryo viability. This provides a useful tool which will ultimately assist clinicians with selecting the most optimal embryos for transfer and avoid wastage from discarding viable embryos. Trial registration number not applicable

PurposeShoulder dislocations in professional football are increasing and regularly associated with substantial layoff times. However, research on players' postinjury performance remains limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether first‐time shoulder dislocations negatively affect performance after return to play (RTP) and to determine whether the type of treatment (nonoperative vs. operative) influences post‐injury performance outcomes.MethodsRetrospective, media‐based analysis of all first‐time in‐match shoulder dislocations in the top two German football leagues (first and second Bundesliga) from the 2012/2013 to 2021/2022 season (n = 30). Quantitative and qualitative performance data, as well as player‐, match‐ and injury‐related data were obtained from official databases. The Goalimpact (Goalimpact GmbH), a numerical value representing an individual player's impact on team success, served as the qualitative parameter. Data were analysed up to 2 years pre‐injury and 2 years post‐RTP. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsA total of 30 shoulder dislocations in 30 players with a median age of 25 years (Interquartile range [IQR]: 23–26) were available for analysis. Median layoff time was 65 days (IQR: 23–115), 22 days (IQR: 10–34) for those treated conservatively and 112 days (IQR: 92–133; p < 0.001) for players undergoing surgery. Quantitative performance parameters showed a temporary decrease, with fewer matches (p = 0.017) and minutes played (p = 0.004) in the 10 matches following RTP compared to the 10 matches pre‐injury. Goalimpact values were initially comparable to pre‐injury levels but improved 1 year (131 [IQR: 115–150] vs. 141 [IQR: 122–160]; p = 0.001) and 2 years (127 [IQR: 107–153] vs. 139 [IQR: 124–161]; p < 0.001) after RTP compared to pre‐injury. No significant differences in performance were found regarding type of injury or type of treatment, nor were performance outcomes statistically significantly influenced by player's age, league and position played.ConclusionShoulder dislocations in professional football led to a temporary short‐term decrease in quantitative performance parameters, while qualitative performance parameters remained initially similar. Type of injury as well as type of treatment, player's age, league and position played did not significantly influence performance outcomes.Level of EvidenceLevel III.

Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic performance of quantitative parameters derived from dual-energy CT for the preoperative diagnosis of metastatic sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in participants with breast cancer. Materials and Methods For this prospective study, dual-phase contrast agent-enhanced CT was performed in female participants with breast cancer from June 2015 to December 2017. Quantitative dual-energy CT parameters and morphologic parameters were compared between metastatic and nonmetastatic SLNs. The quantitative parameters were fitted to univariable and multivariable logistic regression models. The diagnostic role of morphologic and quantitative parameters was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curves and compared by using the McNemar test. Results This study included 193 female participants (mean age, 47.6 years ± 10.1; age range, 22-79 years). Quantitative dual-energy CT parameters including slope of the spectral Hounsfield unit curve (λHu) measured at both arterial and venous phases, normalized iodine concentration at both arterial and venous phase, and normalized effective atomic number at the venous phase were higher in metastatic than in nonmetastatic SLNs (P value range, ≤.001 to .031). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that venous phase λHu (in Hounsfield units per kiloelectron-volt) was the best single parameter for the detection of metastatic SLNs. The accuracy of the venous phase λHu for detecting metastatic SLNs was 90.5% on a per-lymph node basis and 87.0% on a per-patient basis. The accuracy and specificity at venous phase λHu was higher than their counterparts in the morphologic parameters (P < .001). Conclusion Dual-energy CT is a complementary means for the preoperative identification of sentinel lymph nodes metastases in participants with breast cancer. © RSNA, 2018 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

To evaluate whether gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the measurements of quantitative and qualitative parameters on hepatobiliary phase images can predict the risk of postoperative complications in patients underwent living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) PATIENTS AND METHODS: We obtained Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced 3 Tesla MRI before living donor hepatectomy in donors (donor group; n=30) and after LDLT in their recipients (recipient group; n=30). MRIs were evaluated in terms of quantitative and qualitative variables. Quantitative parameters included relative liver enhancement value, biliary signal intensity value, and muscle signal index value. Qualitative parameters included visual evaluation of the liver and biliary enhancement on hepatobiliary phase images. Patients were followed up for postoperative biliary and vascular complications and divided according to the presence and absence of complications. The relationship between MRI parameters and postoperative complications was statistically analyzed. The mean relative liver enhancement values, mean biliary signal values, and muscle signal index were significantly lower in recipients with postoperative complications than those in donors and recipients without complications (p < 0.001). Visual assessments of liver enhancement and biliary signal were also significantly different in recipients with postoperative complications than that in donors and recipients without complications (p < 0.001). Quantitative and qualitative MRI parameters obtained by Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI on hepatobiliary phase images may potentially become a reliable tool for the assessment of the risk for postoperative complications after LDLT.

Any steady-state operation of the engine is evaluated by qualitative and quantitative parameters. For internal combustion engines, the qualitative parameter is the speed of the crankshaft, and the quantitative parameter is the engine torque. There are functional dependencies between these parameters, the graphical representation of which is called speed characteristics. However, the transition modes of engines are much more complex than the established ones, especially in gas-diesel engines, where the relationship between the parameters of the engine and the characteristics of the gas supply units is quite complex, and the transition process is accompanied by a change in the parameters of its working process over time and is a dynamic mode.

1st Spring Biophotonics Conference in Porto.

Background: Diseases of the pharynx and upper esophageal sphincter can result in debilitating respiratory difficulty, dysphagia or a combination of both. An exact diagnosis is essential to properly prognosticate and guide therapy. Videofluoroscopic assessment of the pharynx and upper esophageal sphincter with or without orally administered contrast material is the diagnostic of choice for many diseases as both anatomic and functional information is gleaned. The purpose of this review is to assess for continuity in imaging protocols across institutions and to record quantitative and qualitative parameters used for analysis of videofluoroscopy of the pharynx and upper esophageal sphincter in dogs.Methods: A systematic literature search was performed including articles published in peer-reviewed veterinary journals involving the topic of videofluoroscopy of the pharynx and upper esophageal sphincter through August 1, 2018. Specifics of study acquisition technique were recorded. Quantitative and qualitative videofluoroscopic parameters were recorded and compared across institutions where appropriate using one-way ANOVA with p ≤ 0.05 being considered significant.Results: Videofluoroscopy of the pharynx and upper esophageal sphincter is performed either in right lateral or standing postures depending on the institution. Bolus size and consistency used during contrast videofluoroscopy of swallowing differs between institutions. Some institutions evaluate videofluoroscopic studies using qualitative criteria while others apply quantitative measures. Reported quantitative measures include inter-swallow interval, swallow rate, jaw cycles per swallow ratio, time to upper esophageal opening, maximal pharyngeal contraction, maximum laryngeal excursion, upper esophageal closure, epiglottic re-opening, and pharyngeal constriction ratio. Measurement outcomes are significantly different between institutions and when bolus size/consistency is variable when assessing healthy dogs.Conclusions: The current peer-reviewed literature on fluoroscopic evaluation of the pharynx and UES in dogs shows a lack of standardization regarding imaging protocol. There is not a standard set of quantitative criteria applied amongst the institutions and there are significant differences in the outcomes obtained from videofluoroscopic assessment of swallowing suggesting significant inter-observer or inter-institutional variability. A consensus statement regarding imaging protocol and what parameters should be used to interpret airway and swallowing videofluoroscopic studies of the pharynx and UES in dogs is needed along with targeted analysis of observer variability.

To evaluated the impact of a deep learning (DL)-based image reconstruction on multi-arterial-phase magnetic resonance imaging (MA-MRI) for small hypervascular hepatic masses in patients who underwent gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver MRI. We retrospectively enrolled 55 adult patients (aged ≥ 18years) with small hepatic hypervascular mass (≤ 3cm) between December 2022 and February 2023. All patients underwent MA-MRI, subsequently reconstructed with a DL-based application. Qualitative assessment with Linkert scale including motion artifact (MA), liver edge (LE), hepatic vessel clarity (HVC) and image quality (IQ) was performed. Quantitative image analysis including signal to noise ratio (SNR), contrast to noise ratio (CNR) and noise was performed. On both arterial phases (APs), all qualitative parameters were significantly improved after DL-based image reconstruction. (LE on 1st AP, 1.22 vs 1.61; LE on 2nd AP, 1.21 vs 1.65; HVC on 1st AP, 1.24 vs 1.39; HVC on 2nd AP, 1.24 vs 1.44; IQ on 1st AP, 1.17 vs 1.45; IQ on 2nd AP, 1.17 vs 1.47, all p values < 0.05). The SNR, CNR and noise were significantly improved after DL-based image reconstruction. (SNR on AP1, 279.08 vs 176.14; SNR on AP2, 334.34 vs 199.24; CNR on AP1, 106.09 vs 64.14; CNR on AP2, 129.66 vs 73.73; noise on AP1, 1.51 vs 2.33; noise on AP2, 1.45 vs 2.28, all p values < 0.05). Gadoxetic acid-enhanced MA-MRI with DL-based image reconstruction improved the qualitative and quantitative parameters. Despite the short acquisition time, high-quality MA-MRI is now achievable.

Both quantitative (volume) and qualitative (e. g. degree of corticalisation) bone parameters must be assessed radiographically before the periodontologist or oral surgeon can consider the actual placement of implants. A large variety of imaging techniques are presently available: some have been utilised for many years; others have been made possible by recent advances in computer technology. A distinction could also be made between morphologic imaging to detect anatomic changes, and functional imaging to detect physiologic changes. Morphologic imaging includes film radiography (intraoral, panoramic, tomographic, scanographic, stereoscopic), digital radiography (direct, indirect, subtraction), computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), absorptiometry and ultrasonography. Functional imaging or radionucleide imaging includes scintigraphy, single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT), positron emission computer tomography (PET), thermography.