УРАХУВАННЯ ГЕНДЕРНОГО ПІДХОДУ У ФІЗИЧНІЙ ПІДГОТОВЦІ ДІВЧАТ-КУРСАНТОК

The article is devoted to the consideration of the main challenges and problems that were identified in the higher education system of Ukraine in the conditions of a full-scale war. It has been proven that before the war, the main challenges and problems in the higher education system were mainly focused in the field of industry. It was established that in the pre-pandemic period, problems and challenges in the higher education system were mainly caused by the need to implement the tasks of the European integration course of the Ukrainian state and enter the single European educational space. With the beginning of quarantine restrictions and the legal regime of martial law, the problems and challenges facing the higher education system of Ukraine changed the location of internal origin to an externally determined space. It is substantiated that since 2020, the challenges and problems that were formed as systemic and those that had an extra-branch origin became dominant for the system of higher education in Ukraine. Institutions of higher education of Ukraine in such conditions built the trajectory of their functioning and development taking into account, first of all, the requirements of safety, accessibility and quality of the educational process, development of human capital in the system of higher education. It was determined that the transformation of the higher education system in the conditions of war has content and time characteristics. A list of priority directions for the development of the higher education system in Ukraine for the near future has been created. A conclusion was made about the need for the consolidation of the Ukrainian educational community and international partners for the implementation of innovative approaches in the development of the higher education system in Ukraine in the post-war period.

Physical education requirements in the United States vary and are often left to local districts in each state to decide. Considering the relationship between physical activity and obesity and physical fitness with mortality, requirements relating to national recommendations appear important. Long term implications of participation in physical education are contradictory at best with the limited studies performed concluding conflicting results. PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between years of participation in physical education at a high school level and levels of physical activity and fitness in college students and adults. METHODS: Forty-one participants ranging in age from 18-65 (mean age 33.6) were recruited utilizing an inter-collegiate mailing system. Participants completed a self-administered IPAQ long-form questionnaire as well as additional physical education related questions. Participants also completed a YMCA Step Test. RESULTS: When comparing participant results to national recommendations for physical activity 6 of 41 met vigorous physical activity guidelines (14.6%), and 0 met guidelines for moderate physical activity. When adding in vigorous outdoor housework those meeting vigorous guidelines went up to 11 of 41 participants (26.8%), and when adding in moderate outdoor and indoor housework those meeting moderate guidelines went up to 4 of 41 (9.7%). Mean score of 4.5 on the YMCA Step Test for all participants was between below average and poor with a standard deviation of nearly two scoring levels. No significant relationships were found when comparing time spent in physical education classes (required or total) to recalled moderate physical activity and fitness levels in college students and adults, while a significant relationship was seen when comparing the time spent in physical education classes (required and total) to recalled vigorous physical activity and fitness levels in college students and adults (p=0.02). CONCLUSION: Further study to examine the relationship between physical education and long-term physical activity is needed with particular attention being paid to physical education requirements and their variances.

In the article the author reveals the dominant trends in the development of the higher education system in Ukraine during the 90s of the XX century: deideologization and demilitarization in the conditions of partial deindustrialization of the country, transition from elite to mass higher education, humanization of the educational process and humanization of the professional training structure, the emergence of the private sector and diversification of funding sources. In the article the author reveals the dominant trends in the development of the higher education system in Ukraine during the 90s of the XX century: deideologization and demilitarization in the conditions of partial deindustrialization of the country, transition from elite to mass higher education, humanization of the educational process and humanization of the professional training structure, the emergence of the private sector and diversification of funding sources.

This article examines the impact of digital transformation on economic processes in the higher education system in Ukraine. The process of digital transformation in higher education in Ukraine, which has been significantly intensified by the full-scale war, is accompanied by a number of economic effects that confirm its potential as a tool for stabilization and development in the context of the socio-economic crisis. The study aims to analyze and structure research trends related to the digital transformation of the higher education system in Ukraine using a bibliometric approach and to show the impact of their application on the economy. For this purpose, we used the VOSviewer software to assess academic publications in the Scopus database, allowing us to study and visualize the relationships between key terms in this field. Additionally, Google Trends was used to assess the popularity of key search queries, providing insights into public interest in the topic. The analysis is based on scientific publications indexed in Scopus. The analysis highlights a significant increase in scientific interest in the digital transformation of economic processes in universities in recent years worldwide. The research shows that Ukraine is a leader in the number of publications dedicated to digital technologies for education in wartime economies. The challenges faced by universities, starting from the COVID-19 pandemic and followed by the war, have significantly contributed to this increase in academic attention to improving the efficiency of higher education delivery. The data obtained indicates that, despite the current situation, Ukraine continues to implement digital transformation mechanisms at both the state and private institutional levels. This study lays the groundwork for future research on the digital transformation of education during crises and post-war economic recovery.

The purpose of this study was to determine the association between physical education environment and physical fitness levels of students at selected Slovak high schools. Methods: For the purposes of the study, 12 high schools in the Prešov region were selected via cluster sampling. To determine the association between physical education environment and physical fitness levels, 705 students (287 girls, 418 boys) participated in the study. The quality of physical education classes was assessed using selected items of a questionnaire used in a Texas youth fitness project, each school’s physical education environment and policy survey. Data on muscular strength, endurance, flexibility and BMI were collected using the FITNESSGRAM test protocol. To determine the effect of school physical education environment on fitness levels, ordinary least squares regression was used. Analysis of the association between school physical education environment and fitness levels showed minimal differences. The results indicated positive effects of qualified teachers and class size on fitness level measured by selected items of the FITNESSGRAM test battery in high school students. The educational attainment and participation in conferences by teachers and the number of students per class appeared to be the most significant predictors affecting the physical fitness of high school students.

Physical Education, Exercise, Fitness and Sports: Early PM&R Leaders Build a Strong Foundation

Background and purpose Currently, there is an increase in the importance of humanities universities and humanities education. The need to develop innovative technology for applicants for humanities specialties and develop general recommendations for independent physical exercise classes. Goal: to develop and substantiate a technology using aerobics and a combination with creative tasks for use in physical education of future teachers of humanities specialties. Material and methods The study involved 50 girls - applicants of the H.S. Skovoroda KhNPU, aged 18-21, 25 of whom made up the experimental group, who were engaged in the developed technology. The control group consisted of 25 people who were engaged in the same amount of time according to the traditional physical education program for universities. The following indicators were recorded: body weight, body length, body mass index, vital lung capacity, chest circumference and its excursion, health indexes, Harvard step test index. The level of physical fitness was recorded using the following indicators: time to run a 30 m segment, walk 6 min. (m), jump height (cm). Intervention technology. Cyclic exercises were walks at an average pace with the task of observing infrastructure and nature objects for 1.5-2 hours with heart rate measurement 3 times a week. After the walk, it was necessary to describe your observations. Aerobics was also used 3 times a week, since aerobics is based on the development of endurance and mobility of the nervous system due to the frequent change of exercises. Results In the experimental group of students, optimization of the functional state and an increase in the level of physical fitness were observed, which was manifested in a significant increase in vital capacity (p<0.05), a significant increase in chest excursion (p<0.001), the Pirogov index (p<0.05), and the Harvard step test index (p<0.05). Also, significant changes were observed in the experimental group in terms of physical fitness (p<0.05). In the control group, these changes are not significant and many of them are negative. Conclusion The technology of combining cyclic exercises and aerobics with creative tasks had a positive effect on the level of physical development, physical fitness and functional capabilities of future teachers of humanitarian specialties.

The article considers the problem of introducing modern fitness technologies into physical education lessons to improve the development of physical qualities of students in grades 10–11. A practical manifestation of physical education and health technologies in physical education are various fitness programs, which constitute the main content of the activities of physical education and health groups. Physical education and health technologies aimed at developing physical qualities and forming physical education and health competencies are considered important factors in motivating students to engage in physical education and increasing their level of physical fitness. The purpose of the article is to study the impact of the use of fitness technologies in physical education lessons for students in grades 10–11 on the development of their physical qualities. The concept of the study is to study the attitude of students in grades 10–11 to fitness technology classes. Fitness training was conducted according to the structure of the lesson using traditional and innovative means, methods and organizational forms. Fitness technology tools were aimed at having a balanced effect on the musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular, respiratory and nervous systems of the students' bodies and developing physical qualities. The pedagogical formative experiment conducted during the school year showed that fitness technologies significantly improve students' interest and attitude to physical education lessons, and they positively perceive new means of physical education. It was found that students achieved the highest results in pull-ups (t = 3.98; P < 0.001) and forward torso bends from a sitting position (t = 4.12; P < 0.001). The use of various fitness technologies in physical education lessons in secondary education institutions creates opportunities for increasing interest and motivation for physical education classes, improves the intensity and motor density of lessons, and the effectiveness of the process of physical training of students. The variety of fitness technology tools used makes it possible to change the direction of the load, its volume and intensity.

Data about effects of exercise training in adolescents with intellectual disability (ID) are very limited. This study investigated the effect of 2 different frequencies of the same intensity and total training volume of combined exercise training on indices of body composition, physical fitness, and lipid profile in overweight and obese adolescents with ID. A total of 45 overweight and obese adolescents with ID aged 14-22 years with a total IQ 45-70 received combined exercise training 3 times a week (CET3) for 30 sessions (10 weeks; n = 15), twice a week (CET2) for 30 sessions (15 weeks; n = 15), or no training (10 weeks; n = 15). Groups were matched for age, sex, and education form. Before and after the intervention period, indices of body composition, physical fitness and lipid profile have been evaluated. Compared to the control group, CET3 resulted in a significant improvement of physical fitness, obesity indices, and lipid profile of the participants. Comparing CET2 with CET3, no significantly different evolutions were noticed, except for lower limb strength in favor of exercising 3 times a week. In conclusion, exercising 2 times a week, which is more feasible and practical for participants and guidance, has the same health beneficial effects as 3 times per week in overweight and obese adolescents with ID in short-term training.

To outline the prevalence and disparities of physical activity among school-aged urban minority youth, causal pathways through which low levels of physical activity and fitness adversely affects academic achievement, and proven or promising approaches for schools to increase physical activity and physical fitness among youth. Literature review. A large proportion of youth is insufficiently physically active. Estimates of population-wide levels of physical activity indicate that Black and Hispanic youth are less physically active than White youth, with disparities particularly evident for females. The population segments of youth with lowest levels of physical activity and fitness also have least access to school-based physical activity opportunities and resources. Physical activity affects metabolism and all major body systems, exerting powerful positive influences on the brain and spinal cord and, consequently, on emotional stability, physical health, and motivation and ability to learn. The cornerstone of school-based physical activity programs should be a high-quality physical education program based on national standards. Such programs are strongly recommended by the Task Force on Community Preventive Services as a way to increase physical activity and physical fitness among youth. Physical inactivity is highly and disproportionately prevalent among school-aged urban minority youth, has a negative impact on academic achievement through its effects on cognition, and effective practices are available for schools to address this problem. Increasing students' physical activity and physical fitness can best be achieved through a comprehensive approach that includes physical education, wise use of recess and after-school times, co-curricular physical activity opportunities, and bicycling or walking to and from school.

Physical activity and fitness are fundamental for preschool children as they influence growth and development. These aspects are usually also influenced by the environmental conditions where the child lives. This study aims to determine the differences in physical activity and physical fitness levels among preschool children in rural and urban areas. An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 142 preschool children in Central Java Province using purposive sampling. Physical activity was measured using a 24-hour physical activity recall form, while physical fitness was measured using a six-minute walk test. Data were analyzed using the Independent T-test and Chi-Square Test. There was no significant difference in the physical activity of children in rural and urban areas (p = 0.303), with most classified in the light category, 100% in rural and 98.6% in urban areas. However, there was a significant difference in the physical fitness levels of children between the two areas (p = 0.001). A small proportion of preschool children with very good fitness (6.3%) came from urban areas. These findings highlight important points that warrant further investigation. Hence, future studies should explore factors associated with physical activity and fitness levels.

The article highlights the issues of the features of using the latest innovative methods in the process of teaching the academic discipline "Sports and Pedagogical Improvement" for the professional training of future coaches in martial law conditions. The main tasks and directions for the use of innovative methods and means for the effective assimilation of material from the discipline "Sports and Pedagogical Improvement" are determined. It has been established that the use of such innovative methods in full makes it possible to maximally improve the teaching of the academic discipline "Sports and Pedagogical Improvement" in martial law conditions. The academic discipline "Sports and Pedagogical Improvement" is one of the components of basic education, it is aimed, first of all, at the formation of professional knowledge and skills of future specialists in the field of physical education, improving the theoretical and practical training of students, providing opportunities for the further development of professional knowledge, self- realization in future professional activities. Based on the analysis of the development of the modern higher education system in Ukraine, it has been proven that the use of innovative methods in the field of physical education in general, and the subject "Sports and Pedagogical Improvement" in particular, requires activation, the search for new ways of improvement, the creation of new innovative technologies directly in the conditions of martial law. One of the ways to solve this problem is the development and implementation of new innovative teaching methods in classes in the discipline "Sports and Pedagogical Improvement", which would direct the future coach towards acquiring the necessary professional knowledge, skills and abilities that meet the requirements of modern life. Today, more than ever, Ukraine needs young qualified specialists in the field of physical education who not only possess modern knowledge, but also know how to apply them in practice. Therefore, the problem of using innovative methods of teaching the discipline "Sports and Pedagogical Improvement" is relevant in the modern conditions of martial law.

The article examines the influence of physical education classes conducted on the basis of Polish and Ukrainian basic training programs on the level of physical fitness and physical development of pupils in secondary schools aged 9-10 years. The main features of the Polish and Ukrainian basic training programs are revealed, a comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each program has been performed. The study involved 132 pupils of 4 forms of three schools in Khmelnytskyi (Ukraine), who were divided into control (CG) and experimental (EG) groups. CG pupils (n=67) were engaged in sports activities in accordance with the requirements of the Ukrainian basic training program in physical education, pupils of EG (n=65) – in accordance with the requirements of the Polish basic training program. The level of physical fitness of pupils was determined by the exercises that characterize different physical qualities and physical development – by the indices: power, speed, speed-power, endurance, agility. According to the results of the conducted researches it is established that indicators of physical development of EG and CG pupils have a steady tendency for improvement during the study period, which testifies to the effectiveness of both Polish and Ukrainian basic training programs in physical education.

The article examines the assessment of the current physical condition of students who entered the first year at the end of the school year and participated in this survey. This is a prerequisite for assessing the physical fitness of students and the effectiveness of further improvement of training sessions, new programs, recovery activities and the like. In this regard, within the framework of our survey, an analysis of indicators reflecting the level of physical fitness, physical performance, functional state of the circulatory and external respiration systems and physical health of students enrolled in the first year was carried out.
 The general level of their physical fitness, obtained on the basis of the values, was processed with the help of the computer program "OBEREG" and was considered as below average.
 So at the beginning of the academic year, the majority of students (46.67%) of the total number of students in the group were characterized by a lower than average level of physical fitness, 26.67% of them had an average value of this indicator, and 13.33% was low and above average.
 So at the beginning of the academic year, the majority of students (46.67%) of the total number of students in the group were characterized by a lower than average level of physical fitness, 26.67% of them had an average value of this indicator, and 13.33% was low and above average.
 In general, the results of our survey testified that at the beginning of the academic year, the students had indicators below the average level of physical performance, physical and functional fitness, as well as the general level of physical health.

The strategy of modern higher education should form a specialist who is able not only to realize the accumulated potential of knowledge, abilities and skills, but also to go beyond the limits of regulated activities, which characterizes the tendency to increase the role of the “human factor” in all spheres of work, including in the military sphere. Therefore, the purpose of the research was to study and determine the effectiveness of the influence of CrossFit on the dynamics of indicators of physical fitness of young people. We conducted a comparative analysis of the level and dynamics of physical fitness of young people (17.6 ±0.2 years old; range: 17–21 years old), who during their studies, were systematically engaged in CrossFit activities (n = 24), and students who had PE classes run according to the existing program of physical education in higher education institutions (n = 23). The level of physical fitness was determined according to the results of exams and credits in physical education. The study of the level of physical fitness of young people showed that the use of CrossFit leads to better results of basic physical qualities and positive changes in the human body (t = 4.44; p < 0.001).