Напрями оптимізації політики залучення молодих мігрантів країнами ЄС

The literature on the division of labour and labour market segmentation has generally stressed that young people and migrants are, for different reasons, the most disadvantaged categories of workers. Faced with these inequalities, numerous studies have investigated how young people represent and understand their social disadvantage. Similar research on migrant workers is very limited, however, especially as regards young migrants. This article aims to contribute to filling this gap. Our goal is to examine how young adult migrants represent their experiences of ethnic, gender and generational disadvantage and discrimination in the occupational domain. The paper is based on an analysis of in-depth interviews conducted with young adult migrants of Moroccan and Romanian origin living in the Veneto region of Italy.

This article examines the complexities of integrating young adult migrants from non-EU countries into European contexts, advocating for a shift toward inclusive, locally informed, and reciprocal integration processes. It critiques state-centric, assimilationist frameworks that emphasize an imagined national identity and Western norms of youth transitions, neglecting local nuances and diverse migrant experiences. Through findings from a European Delphi study engaging 114 stakeholders from seven European countries, including migrant youth organisations, also represented by stakeholders with a migration background, the study highlights the need for a dynamic, process-oriented approach to integration. This approach prioritizes mutual adjustments between migrants and host communities, emphasizing flexibility, responsiveness, and local relevance. The study underscores the role of local actors and contexts in shaping integration policies, contrasting inclusivity at the local level with exclusionary national frameworks. Stakeholders emphasized the harmful impact of state-imposed policies and the importance of youth groups and migrant organizations as active contributors to policy development. The research proposes tailored solutions to address vulnerabilities and calls for long-term, multi-level governance that values the lived experiences of young migrants. Utilizing a two-stage Delphi methodology, the study facilitated anonymous stakeholder dialogue across seven European countries, yielding consensus on key integration challenges and innovative policy recommendations. By integrating diverse perspectives and recognizing young migrants as co-creators of their futures, this article advances debates on migration and integration, advocating for policies that are equitable, inclusive, and grounded in local realities.

Young people from migrant and ethnic minority backgrounds are recognised as emerging priority populations for reducing alcohol and other drug (AOD)-related harms in Australia. Limited research has investigated how service providers address AOD challenges in migrant communities. In this qualitative study, we interviewed 15 service providers from AOD, migrant support, community and other health services in a diverse region of Melbourne. Interviews explored the challenges that service providers faced and the strategies they implemented to engage with young migrants in relation to AOD use. Thematic analysis was used to generate four themes: stigma as a barrier to service delivery, intergenerational differences between young people and parents, the need for outreach and establishing trust and understanding over time. Service providers believed that stigma prevented many young people from migrant backgrounds having open conversations about their AOD use with family members and professionals. Participants perceived that some parents had less AOD-related knowledge and lower English language proficiency than their children creating challenges for effective communication. Service providers recognised the importance of engaging with young people in settings where they felt comfortable rather than expecting them to approach their service. Participants also acknowledged the need to invest time in establishing trust and understanding with young migrants so they could facilitate conversations about AOD use as relationships evolved. Although service providers had a strong understanding of young people's needs, they found it challenging to build relationships in the context of funding and time constraints. Our results indicate the need for long-term funding and timelines that enable service providers to build strong relationships with young migrants, their families and their broader cultural communities to facilitate access to AOD support.

As young people with migration experiences build their lives in new contexts, their connectedness to who they are, to other people, to place and to culture underpin whether and how a sense of belonging is built in their lives. Belonging as a concept matters in young lives as it is underpinned by feelings of acceptance, inclusion and self determination. The realization of belonging can have important implications for young people's wellbeing and development. This paper shares the barriers to belonging for young migrants in South Africa, and how the pain of past experiences, and the exclusions they are navigating in the present constrain their sense of agency, impacting self worth and relationship formation. We share how a child and youth care center in Cape Town specializing in supporting young migrants and young people with experiences of trauma, innovated with a group of young women through participatory arts-based methods towards building belonging. We found that layering multiple arts methods can support young people to connect to their cultural roots and personal relationships, re-build trust, reimagine their identities as part of a collective and challenge power relations around gender, nationality and generation. We found that building belonging should be seen as a continuous learning process, that builds young people's reflective capacities to understand self and others and to make sense of the interaction between past, present and future. In turn, belonging provides an important conceptual tool for youth-led, context-specific approaches to working with young migrants, including on youth transitions.

The general pattern of internal migration in Ghana has been north to south. While a number of studies have focused on the vulnerabilities and urban problems associated with this pattern, the dynamics of internal migration with emphasis on young people in a slum setting have not been explored. To accomplish the goal of understanding the dynamics of internal migration among young people from the north of Ghana to Old Fadama, an Accra slum in the south, two specific objectives have been pursued. First, I explore the housing and environmental stressors encountered by young migrants at the destination and their proposed strategies to deal with these stressors and second, I explain how government policies are lagging behind to deal with these stressors. I use insights from the concepts of pirate urbanization and landlordism to show that substandard structures and the monetization of equity (property) among the relatively more privileged in the slum exacerbate the predicaments of these migrants. Drawing on the concepts of sovereign power and non-sovereign power, I suggest that lessons from the elements of these concepts (such as ethnic net-like organizations and governmental agencies) provide entry points for programmatic and policy directions aimed toward these young migrants in a high-risk environment. I use a mixed-methods approach to examine the objectives of this work. Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with young migrants (aged 10–29) in Old Fadama. I find that the major stressors faced by these young people include poor shelter, lack of sanitation, poor health outcomes, and human right violations, and these are exacerbated by the privatization of squatting.

Young migrants in resource-constrained settings face multiple challenges when they move away from home for work and try to make their way in a new place. In Uganda, with a growing youthful population increasing numbers of young people are leaving home to look for opportunities in urban areas, often facing a precarious existence as they try to make money. Using data from in-depth interviews we investigate the lived experience of precarity of 20 young men who had recently migrated to a small town in south-west Uganda. We adopt a case study approach to look in-depth at the experience of three of the young men, showing how they engage in a continual evaluation of risk in their day to day lives, as they face multiple challenges related to their insecure employment and poor access to health services. We found that the risks that the young men are willing to take to maximise their limited opportunities changed over time. Our findings provide valuable insights into the gendered risks faced by young male migrants and illustrate the ways in which young migrants, many of whom may only have travelled a relatively short distance from home, face risks and challenges to their health and wellbeing, and need to be recognised as a population in need of attention and support.

For young people who have migrated unaccompanied by parents or other legal guardians, it is important to feel a sense of belonging. However, belonging is not fixed to one place. This study aims to explore how young migrants in kinship care in a Swedish suburb describe what different places mean to them and what these descriptions can tell us about their sense of belonging. In this study, semi‐structured interviews with 11 young migrants between 16 and 21 years of age who took part in a mentoring programme are analysed by thematic analysis. Our analysis reveals that (a) the young people described four “levels” of place as meaningful in different ways—their kinship homes, the local community, the country they currently inhabit, and the world and that (b) it was through the interrelationships between these levels that their described sense of belonging emerged. To counterbalance young migrants' uncertain future, social interventions are needed that can help them to meet other people and get wider social networks in order to gain a sense of belonging in the new country.

This paper explores the ways in which young people aged 12 to 18 who were born in Central and Eastern European EU countries but now live in the United Kingdom construct their future imaginaries in the context of Brexit. It reports on findings from a large-scale survey, focus groups and family case studies to bring an original perspective on young migrants’ plans for the future, including mobility and citizenship plans, and concerns over how Britain’s decision to leave the European Union might impact them. While most of the young people planned to stay in Britain for the immediate future, it was clear that Brexit had triggered changes to their long-term plans. These concerns were linked to uncertainties over access to education and the labour market for EU nationals post-Brexit, the precarity of their legal status and their overall concerns over an increase in racism and xenophobia. While our young research participants expressed a strong sense of European identity, their imaginaries rarely featured ‘going back’ to their country of birth and instead included narratives of moving on to more attractive, often unfamiliar, destinations. The reasons and dynamics behind these plans are discussed by drawing on theories of transnational belonging.

This paper explores perspectives on family reunification and emergent forms of separation among young migrants. These young people lived apart from and later reunited with their migrant parents who moved from the Philippines to Canada for work. I draw from 15 months of ethnographic, arts-based, and participatory research with ten participants living in Greater Vancouver. I demonstrate that while reunification literature and child rights discourse often focus on the process of a mother and child coming back together, this can obscure the relationships that young people form with others in the meantime. Cared for by grandmothers, aunts, or siblings, as well as becoming close to best friends, romantic partners, and confidantes, meant that the time these young people spent apart from mothers was utilized to cultivate vital connections to others. These connections were often quite painfully ruptured upon emigration, paradoxically turning “family reunification” into new separations. I explore how young people engaged in dual forms of relational work as they sought to foster a bond with their mothers while also maintaining—or grieving—connections with now-distanced loved ones in the Philippines. My findings, focused mainly on the emergent artistic and participatory methods, complicate family reunification discourse that stresses the importance of nuclear family bonds by calling into question who is family and who becomes family in a global economy that pulls such kindred apart. The young people I introduce speak creatively through poetry, story, and music to how familial separations are not resolved upon reunification but rather that reunification can give rise to new separations that navigated or even grieved in lesser-known ways.

This is a state of the art review to understand the dynamics of Internet-mediated volunteering in general and specific to European Union (EU) countries, the key actors and stakeholders, drivers and barriers, uptake and usage, and potential challenges and risks for users, donors, policy makers and service operators. It reviews the early history of Internet-mediated volunteering, also known as virtual volunteering, online volunteering, microvolunteering, crowdsourcing, and various other names, in Europe, and assesses the current status of such in EU countries. This report also reviews possible linkages between Internet-mediated volunteering and greater employability and social inclusion for online volunteers, particularly young people. Finally, it identifies areas for EU policy development, review and refinement, and makes recommendations for future research.

Abstract. This abstract illustrates major results obtained from the questionnaire survey carried out in Kesennuma on October 2018.We conducted a questionnaire survey focusing on the lifestyles of young migrants living in Kesennuma. The questionnaire was carried out through the Internet using the Google Form. The questionnaire consists of three parts: 1) attitude toward work, income and time management, 2) use of the Internet and 3) interaction with local people.Kesennuma is the region where greatly damaged by the tsunami caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake occurred in 2011. Many volunteers visited this tsunami-hit area and spent days in reconstructing the area with the local people. Among those volunteers, a certain number of young people decided to migrate from other parts of Japan to the tsunami damaged area. Some left their jobs and found a new job in this area, some after graduating universities started new business, and some returned to their parents’ home to help them. Since then, they have been working continuously in many ways, with the local people in order to revitalize the tsunami-hit area, especially in Kesennuma.The objective of the questionnaire was to find out the reasons why those young people decided to migrate from other parts of Japan and settle down in this local area.The questionnaire was distributed to those young migrants in Kesennuma area who contacted with the Kesennuma Centre for Migration and Settlement. We received answers from 108 young migrants, and the response rate of the questionnaire was 87%. This number is extremely high compared to common questionnaire response percentage.We focused on the three topics of the questionnaire, namely Q1: Are you satisfied with your life here?, Q2: How many hours do you use the Internet per day? Q3: How far do you visit your local acquaintances?

Assessment of progress towards “Europe 2020” strategy targets by using the MULTIMOORA method and the Shannon Entropy Index

Developments in the Economies of Member States Outside the Euro Area

Developments in the Economies of Member States Outside the Euro Area

Book reviewed in this article: Politics and Bureaucracy in the European Community, by David Coombes European Political Parties, edited by S. Henig and J. Pinder The Effects of EFTA on the Economies of Member States, European Free Trade AssociationGraduate Institute of International Studies. Geneva The International Actors: the U.N. and the E.E.C., edited by Carol Ann Cosgrove and Kenneth J. Twitchett