근대건축 등록문화재의 보존 방안에 관한 연구

Universities are focusing on the students’ needs as a part of interior space elements in the designing processes. However, these needs related to the design of the environmental and formulating systems. Students prefer a comfortable interior space for movement and social activities. Therefore, comfortability should be considered in the design process of the educational building, especially for students’ space. The study observed the negative space in the buildings of the University of Mosul, which students lost the healthy relationship between the open and interior space in Students’ space. The gathering points inside and outside buildings is the focus of the current study. Therefore, the problem statement is “There is a gap in the design processes of the interior space that provides a comfortable students’ space”. Therefore, the main research question is “What are influencing factors of the designing and adaptive reuse processes of the interior space in the university buildings”. The research aim is “to identify the important factors that influence students’ needs in the educational building at the University of Mosul”. A quantitative approach applied by using questioner and measuring instruments to collect data from selected case in the University of Mosul. The triangulation of the data shows the importance of direct connection between the exterior and interior space. Besides, the availability of green area, green elements, and comfortable area in the exterior and interior space are the important factors as results showed. Partially, the majority (81%) of the students preferred a free space that can students adapted to space.

This study explores the use of geometric principles in the architecture of the Bahria Mosque, Lahore, as a representation of Islamic art and spirituality. Islamic architecture is renowned for its intricate geometrical patterns, which embody cultural values and spiritual beliefs. At the Bahria Mosque, the integration of geometry extends beyond ornamental elements to encompass architectural features that create a visual and experiential harmony. The mosque’s design incorporates Islamic geometric patterns in both interior and exterior spaces, blending traditional forms with contemporary expressions. Key elements like the dome, arches, and minarets are decorated with repetitive, symmetrical patterns, symbolizing the unity and infinity associated with Islamic spirituality. This research emphasizes how the mosque uses geometry not only as a decorative motif but also as a symbolic expression of Islamic identity and cultural continuity in modern architecture. Through this study, the significance of geometry as a unifying theme in Islamic design is highlighted, showcasing its role in creating an immersive environment that transcends mere functionality to evoke a sense of spiritual connectivity and cultural heritage

Carbon emission energy management analysis of LCA-Based fabricated building construction

Vernacular architecture has been keeping growing along with continuities transformations and adaptations to the different socioeconomic development and climate conditions based upon local needs in different periods of time. How to preserve the tradition during the modern rural construction has been concerned by many architects and local inhabitants already. In the process of rural revitalization, the adaption of vernacular architecture has a deep impact on the modern design of residential housing and public buildings. In the study of the adaptation, it is also worked as the form of an attempt to revoking tradition and vernacular into modern design during the rural revitalization. The study will be clarified from the case study with the traditional villages in China and in Poland respectively. The factors mainly were considered in the study as below: the inheritance of traditional culture, introducing green building technology, using local materials, considering the local microclimate, increasing the inclusiveness and versatility of the buildings in rural areas. In general, It highly recommended combining harmonious development inheriting the traditional vernacular architecture as well as combining the environmental characteristics and construction features into the modern architecture design.

Architectural space is composed by the interrelationship of three elements; relationship between interior space and exterior space which created the space by putting the wall, relationship between interior space and interior space which is based on arrangement and expanse of room and wall and human being who enjoy two relationships and move in it. So to speak, the architectural design is pursuit of the interrelationship of three elements, and what were created by behavior are the outline, zone, and path. On this research, we define three kind of factor, outline which means expanse to exterior space, zone which means continuity of rooms and path which means positioning to the main rooms. Furthermore, we analyze by comparison of those factors and consider the interrelationship of three elements.

‘The union hall was the center of the worker's life’: Spaces of class formation in the United Auto Workers, 1937–1970

The school space, which will be required in the rapidly changing future society, should be composed of a unit learning space including various programs to enable lifelong learning. Therefore, in this study, the type of unit learning space and arrangement type is derived by analyzing the case of elementary school with future education type spatial composition, and the characteristics of each are considered. In order to respond to future education in the future, we present basic data for the composition of a unit learning space including a student-centered creative educational space plan. The scope of the study was selected as an elementary school case planned as a future education type in order to derive common characteristics of unit learning spaces. In addition, considering the cultural similarity of school management methods and wearing indoor shoes, it was limited to elementary school cases built in Japan among advanced overseas cases. The period was analyzed as cases constructed within 15 years, and cases with low connectivity between the interior and exterior spaces were excluded. The results of the study are as follows. First, in the type analysis of unit learning space, the type varies depending on the usability of the multi-purpose space connected with the classroom, and the extended type expands the width of the hallway and naturally flows into movement to connect the space. Second, in the arrangement analysis of unit learning space, there is an external activity space that naturally occurs according to the configuration of two or more unit learning spaces, and there are a type having an individual external space and a type having a common external space. Depending on the purpose of this, the layout will be different. Third, in the analysis of the combination of type and arrangement of unit learning space, there is a type of combination that induces various activities in the internal and external space through the common external space. In addition, there is a type of combination that has excellent connection between interior and exterior spaces in both directions.

The study of the multiple design patterns with their different elements, determinants, and forms is considered one of the most important basic factors that affected the formation of the features and identity of modern interior design. Such study aims at analyzing the relation of humans to interior design and exploring the effect of this relation on the design patterns of interior space in which the individual lives. The interior space is a product of an integrated mixture of patterns, elements, determinants and material and non-material influences that affected and were affected by humans. These influences ultimately led to the production of an experience rich with concepts and values ​​that contributed to raising the level of functional and aesthetic potential of the interior space. Thus, the interior space interacts with individuals to form an internal environment characterized by high physical and functional, capacity and unique and distinctive aesthetic appearance. This study attempts to present the concept of modern interior design and its multiple design patterns and to find the integrative relationship between style, function and aesthetics in interior design. It focuses on the modern style of interior design with the purpose of creating a satisfactory design from a functional and aesthetic point of view by relying on analysis, planning and choosing the appropriate design style according to the scientific and practical foundations and determinants that the interior designer resorts to when starting the design process, which contributes to bringing satisfaction and pleasure to the souls of individuals and satisfies their utilitarian and aesthetic needs at the same time. This study used the descriptive analytical approach in its theoretical framework to identify the patterns of modern interior design and their impact on the functional and aesthetic values ​​of the interior space. Then it moved to discussingt the features and principles of each design style and the importance of these patterns in supporting and enhancing the functional and aesthetic aspects of interior spaces with their different types and functions. The study was concluded: with emphasis on the role of multiple design patterns in supporting and enhancing the functional and aesthetic aspects of the interior space according to the foundations and standards defined by each style, and its impact on the interior space and the individual user. Based on these results, this research study called on interior designers to study modern interior design patterns comprehensively and deeply in order to reach a comfortable interior space with features and identity characterized by highly efficient functional values ​​and aesthetic dimensions of a special design character. Keywords: style, Functionality, Aesthetics, Modern interior design.

<p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p>Trabzon, which is located on the shore of Black Sea and one of the oldest centers in Anatolia, has included many cultural heritage factors due to its historical importance and background. Mosques have an important role in shaping cultural heritage of the region. One of them is a wooden mosque which located in Bolumlu suburban area at Of District in Trabzon province. The wooden mosque is one of the historical and important models in Anatolia in terms of wooden material use in the traditional architecture. The wooden material which has an important role in Black Sea Region's building culture was widely and ingeniously used on bearing systems and other components of Bolumlu Mithat Pasha Mosque. The objective of this study is to examine and promotion of this mosque’s architectural properties and discussion of current situation of this mosque. </p><p><strong>Öz </strong></p><p>Trabzon, geçirdiği tarihsel süreç nedeniyle çok sayıda kültürel miras unsurunu bünyesinde barındırmaktadır. Sözü edilen kültürel miras unsurlarından bir tanesi de Trabzon’un Of İlçesi'ne bağlı Bölümlü Beldesi, Mithatpaşa Mahallesi’nde bulunan ve geleneksel mimaride ahşap kullanımının Anadolu'daki tarihi ve önemli örneklerinden bir tanesi olan camidir. Karadeniz Bölgesi yapı kültürü için önemli bir malzeme olan ahşap, Of Bölümlü Mithat Paşa Camii'nin hem taşıyıcı sisteminde hem de diğer elemanlarında ustalıkla kullanılmıştır. Söz konusu tarihi yapının mimari özelliklerinin araştırılması, tanıtılması ve güncel durumunun değerlendirilmesi bu çalışmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır.<strong> </strong></p>

The purposeful attitude towards novelty is a relatively young phenomenon. The attitude to the New as an independent value was shaped initially in the Renaissance (or in the late Middle Ages); it lies in the same channel with the theory of progress. The phenomenon of fashion was gradually formed under its influence and involved into its orbit almost all aspects of life, including art and architecture, one or another degree. The endless need for renewal is defined as one of the main features of modernity as a paradigm (‘modern’ as new, contemporary). What is fashion as a cultural phenomenon, and why did it acquire such great importance precisely in the Modern Times – the epoch of architectural ‘styles’? When does tradition become fashion? How are novelty and freedom, the two main values of the modern paradigm, related? How does the general attitude towards novelty affect the criteria for the aesthetic assessment of contemporary architecture? The category of fashion only recently has become a subject of philosophical reflection, while not affecting the sphere of architecture. In this article, the phenomenon of the New in architecture is considered from the point of philosophical traditionalism. Another starting point of reasoning is the method of the Viennese school of art history, formulated in the phrase “History of art as the history of the spirit”. The religious and philosophical context reveals a fundamentally different approach to the phenomena of novelty and freedom in tradition and modernity and deepens the understanding of the revolution that was carried out in modern architecture. Thus, it helps to substantiate S.O. Khan-Magomedov's idea of two superstyles and refutes the generally accepted point of view, according to which modern architecture directly inherits and evolutionarily develops the achievements of tradition. Taking this idea as a whole, we consider it more broadly – in the sphere of traditional and modern architecture.

Foreign trends are fashionable in contemporary Chinese architecture, foreign cutting-edge architecture ideas and international styles wantonly invade, making more and more national landmark buildings possess foreign appearances, and architectural images are becoming more eye-catching, while ethnic, regional features contained in buildings get lost gradually. Based on the comprehensive analysis of positive and negative examples of construction, this paper tries to find the best conjunction point between traditional culture and modern architecture.

There are still not many academic reports on cases where privately owned postwar modern architecture that are not registered as cultural properties and have been completely renovated. In order to preserve and maintain more modern architecture in the future, it is essential not only to discuss methodologies, but also to accumulate reports of similar cases that can be referred to. This paper reports the overview of the Office and Hall of All Japan Seamen’s Union designed by Masato Otaka and completed in 1964, and its process toward the decision making of the renovation project.

The dimensional system of traditional Chinese architecture is a complex integration of technical specifications and cultural concepts, profoundly reflecting the philosophical thoughts and institutional ethics of traditional Chinese society. This paper aims to systematically reveal the hierarchical dimensional control methods from overall planning to interior details and their inherent logic, constructing a "macro-meso-micro" analytical framework through interdisciplinary research methods of architectural history, archaeological discoveries, Literature review, philosophy, and anthropology. At the overall planning level, traditional Chinese architecture adopts a modular grid system, whose dimensional settings are governed by the triple influences of ritual hierarchy, feng shui geomancy, and the “unity of man and nature” cosmology. In individual buildings, traditional Chinese architecture takes the “Cai Fen system” or “Dou Kou system” as the core modulus, achieving standardized production of components while realizing artistic interpretation through the hierarchy of “Cai Fen” and the combination of “Chu Tiao” (bracket extensions). In interior spaces, dimensions are based on human activity needs, achieving the unity of functionality and artistic conception through means such as decreasing bay widths and height variations. This theoretical framework of three “dimensional levels” reveals the unique wisdom of ancient China in transforming abstract cosmological views into specific built environments, providing a historical reference for contemporary architectural design in terms of regional expression and inheritance of humanistic values.

The investigation is carried out based on the psychological problems that affect the inhabitants of Ayacucho, diseases that hinder the daily life of its citizens and the integral development of the city. Based on this, the research work addresses the objective of determining architectural design principles for a Center for the Treatment and prevention of psychological problems based on the principles of Stefan Lundin's curative architecture in the province of Ayacucho 2023. The methodology used it is of a nonexperimental type through documentary review; to be able to carry out, based on this, an architectural study in the selected environment, making use of different instruments. The result of the investigation resulted in both theoretical and technical guidelines, being applied through different types of enclosures in exterior spaces such as perimeter wall areas and interior spaces such as waiting rooms, workshops and main entrances, different types of scales such as double heights, employment of green areas between the different UPSS to generate visuals and direct connection with the outside, strategies for an adequate location, integrating the projectwith the environment.

The aim of this study is to clarify spatial formation of residential settlements on squatter area by analyzing spatial formation and utilization of houses and open spaces on Borei Keila which is one of the largest squatter areas in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. We conclude the results as below from the data mostly based on the field survey. 1. Simple beds, fire equipment and big water pot are the basic components of interior space. Houses over thirty square meters generally have separate living, dining, private and sanitary rooms. 2. Small open spaces and narrow alleys compose the residential block. Though this residential area was made by each self-built house, definite levels exists on width of the alleys. 3. Around eighty percent of houses have devices such as deep eaves and outside bed to connect interior and exterior space. 4. Outside behaviors are cooking, eating, bathing, washing clothes, discharging, conversation, play, taking rest, sleep, selling and buying, working and others.