СТАН РОЗВИТКУ ДЕЛІБЕРАТИВНОЇ ДЕМОКРАТІЇ В УКРАЇНІ

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to develop issues of legal regulation of the status of the Ukrainian national minority in the Republic of Poland and to show the impact of foreign policy orientations of the Republic of Poland on the implementation of international law on national minorities. Methodology. Among the philosophical, general scientific and special scientific methods, the following were used: dialectical methods – comparative method – to clarify the general and specific patterns of functioning and development of legal regulation of the status of the Ukrainian national minority in the Republic of Poland. The axiological method was used to find the value of the legal regulation of the status of the Ukrainian national minority in the Republic of Poland and to reveal its theoretical and applied significance; activity method – for the formation of recommendations to improve the mechanism of protection of the rights of Ukrainian workers and meet the cultural, educational and spiritual and religious needs of the Ukrainian national minority in the Republic of Poland. Originality. The scientific novelty lies in the theoretical understanding and delineation of ways to improve the well-being of the Ukrainian community in Poland and gain better prospects, which is extremely important given the territorial dispersion of Ukrainians, and will be an essential element in filling the strategic partnership between Ukraine and Poland. Results. The study found that in view of the revival of Ukraine's interaction with the Ukrainian community in Poland and in order to preserve the ethno-national identity of Polish Ukrainians, it seems appropriate for public authorities in Ukraine to address issues such as the use of practical influence of the Council of Europe. The rights of national minorities and the rule of law in the Member States, etc. Practical importance. The results of the study can be used in law-making activities in order to legally regulate the protection of the rights of the Ukrainian national minority in the Republic of Poland.

The article reveals the essence and content of the institution of citizens’ appeal to public authorities in Ukraine in the system of interaction between public authorities and society as a mechanism for implementing constitutional guarantees of socio-political human rights and freedoms, which is the purpose of this work. Such interconnected scientific methods as generalization, systematization and prognostic analysis make up the methodology of the conducted research, which made it possible to determine the current state and prospects of the formation and functioning of the mechanisms of citizens’ appeal to public authorities in Ukraine. The scientific novelty is in the generalization and systematization of the essence and features of the institution of citizens’ appeal to state authorities and local self-government bodies as a certain mechanism of normalized interaction between state institutions and society, an element of feedback of such interaction and a form of citizen control over the activities of institutions and bodies of public administration regarding the implementation functions and powers established by them. It is concluded that Ukraine has already formed a modern system of mechanisms for citizens to appeal to the public authorities of Ukraine and procedures for their processing, which generally align with the European and world standards. At the same time, the institutional system of citizens’ appeals to public authorities of Ukraine needs further improvement, which is proposed to be implemented in six main areas: regulatory and legal support; structural and functional development of public authorities; personnel support of structural divisions for work with appeals; financial, technical and software; introduction of innovative modern forms of work with citizens’ appeals; formation of political culture of public dialogue.

The article examines the main problems of the legitimacy of public power in Ukraine under martial law, when the electoral mechanism is inferior to other means of maintaining the people's perception of the legitimacy of the current state power. The problems of the legitimacy of public power are closely related to the general problems of the constitutional and legal principles of the functioning of public power in Ukraine. It is noted that the analysis of recent scientific works on this topic showed that a comprehensive systematic study of the legitimacy of public administration during wartime in Ukrainian political science has not been carried out until recently. Experts, as a rule, studied certain aspects of the problem of public administration during martial law. It is stated that the purpose of this article is to analyze and assess the legitimacy of modern public authorities in Ukraine in the context of its impact on the stability of the political system and the social system in general. It is emphasized that the orientation of the current authorities exclusively on public, propaganda technologies without their real support by management decisions for the benefit of broad segments of the people can lead to the opposite of the intended consequences, that is, to the delegitimization of power. This is very dangerous during war, because it undermines national unity in confronting an aggressive enemy. It is concluded that in the event of impossibility of holding political elections, electoral legitimation should be replaced by the current legitimation of public power. The basis of the current legitimation of public power should be strategic, systematic and effective communication between state authorities and the people, which aims to form a high level of trust between them. It is recommended that the government information policy should be guided by a clear balance between pro-government PR and political decisions in the interests of the majority of the Ukrainian people. Only in this way can the necessary level of current legitimacy of public power be ensured.

The purpose of the research is to reveal the administrative-legal, environmental, social and customs principles of decentralization of public authority in Ukraine. Main content. The article reveals the main definitions of decentralization of power, analyzes advantages and disadvantages of the decentralization process in the public administration system. The article also presents the basic typology of decentralization of power in foreign countries and characterizes these types, as well as an attempt to summarize the reasons for performing decentralization in Ukraine. Methodology: The use of systemic, functional, and structural methods in this study made it possible to define concepts, types, as well as to establish the reasons for introduction of the decentralization reform in Ukraine. Conclusions. Various approaches to performing the reform in European countries and its results have been considered, which is due to the need to implement decentralization in Ukraine. The result of the work consists in determination of the main definitions of the decentralization of power, analysis of advantages and disadvantages of the decentralization process, definition of the main types of decentralization, as well as generalization of the main reasons for introduction of decentralization in Ukraine.

Just as the concepts 'democracy' or 'socialism' have been abused and muddied, so too the traditional concepts of 'the State', 'Civil Society' and 'the Economy' have lost their original meaning and their structural relationship with one another. While many people may be clear about what 'the State' or 'the Economy' means, there is much confusion concerning the realm of 'Civil Society'. From the seventeenth century on, the notion of 'civitas', 'commonwealth', 'Civil Society', 'bürgerliche Gesellschaft' gained prominence in the writings of Hobbes, Locke, Kant, Smith, Hegel, Marx and many others. 'Civil Society' has been depicted as a realm where private property, labour, class divisions and all relations to do with the market are manifested. It has also been characterised as a realm which is separate from 'the State', the private 'family' and 'the Economy'. Kant and others discussed 'Civil Society' as a 'public sphere' where it was hoped man [sic] could exercise his reason. 'Civil Society' was thus seen as being synonymous with the market or 'the Economy', or on the other hand, as a sphere which linked the family and individual to 'the State' via spiritual and rational discourse, toleration and civic duty. Depending on whether one saw 'Civil Society' as (a) conflict-ridden market relations — the war of all against all; (b) a natural outgrowth with principles of its own; or (c) a realm where reason or religious toleration could flourish in opposition to the absolutist monarch and/or feudal corporate structure, so too particular notions of 'the State' followed suit.

The article examines the mechanisms of state regulation of the interaction of the mass media and public authorities in Ukraine. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to ensure openness, transparency and accountability of the activities of state institutions, as well as the formation of an independent and responsible media space during the period of transformational development of society and armed conflict. The main problems identified are insufficient funding of independent media, political and oligarchic influence on editorial policy, as well as the instability of the legislative framework and law enforcement practice. The purpose of the study is to analyze the regulatory, institutional, organizational and information and technological mechanisms of interaction between the mass media and public authorities, determine their effectiveness and contribution to the democratic development of the state. The article uses such research methods as content analysis of regulatory acts, comparative analysis of foreign and domestic experience, as well as a systematic approach to assessing the functioning of the media sector. The results of the study showed that effective interaction between the media and the authorities requires a comprehensive approach, which includes legal support for freedom of speech, institutional regulation of media activities, development of information and communication platforms and support for independent journalistic initiatives. Particular attention is paid to the role of international standards in the field of human rights, recommendations of international organizations and financial support for independent media in ensuring pluralism and objectivity of the information space. The proposed recommendations include strengthening legislative regulation, developing organizational and technological mechanisms of communication, improving the professional ethics of journalists, as well as creating favorable conditions for independent media activities. Prospects for further research include assessing the impact of digitalization on the interaction of the state and the media, as well as analyzing the effectiveness of strategies for supporting independent media in the post-conflict period.

The formation of a modern system of public administration in Ukraine requires adequate information support from the state authorities. The development of new communicative forms and methods of interaction between the authorities and the population, on the one hand, and the availability of public response, on the other, should stimulate a positive image of politicians and support for democratic transformation of the country as a whole. The image of state authorities, including the image of central executive bodies, is evaluative. The level of assessment of the image of public authorities by citizens may vary in accordance with the socio-political, economic and cultural conditions of society. The article identifies the main tasks of communication units in public authorities. Proposals for improving the information and communication mechanisms for the formation of a positive image of public authorities in Ukraine are presented. Specific proposals for the development of information and communication mechanisms for the formation of a positive image in the field of interaction between government and the media are proposed. The peculiarities of using the components of the information and communication mechanism of forming a positive image of the professional activity of the managerial staff are systematized. The most important task of government management is to master modern approaches to the collection, processing and effective use of information, methods and tools for its updating. The timeliness and urgency of making and implementing public administration decisions to support the socio-economic growth of the state and improve the social welfare of the population and the country as a whole will depend on the solution of this issue. It is determined that the improvement of information and communication mechanisms for the formation of a positive image should take place in four main areas, in particular: expanding the system of public relations; increasing the interaction of state power and mass media; improving the mechanism of providing public services; optimization of the personnel mechanism.

У статті розкрито особливості правового регулювання податкових повноважень органів публічної влади в Україні. Відзначено, що податкова правосуб’єктність держави є прямим наслідком реалізації публічним територіальним утворенням власного податкового суверенітету. Наголошено, що одним з основних класифікаційних критеріїв поділу органів публічної влади, що мають податкові повноваження, є функціональне призначення і характер діяльності органу. За підставами функціонального призначення й характером повноважень у сфері оподаткування досліджувані органи поділяються на: 1) органи загальної компетенції (Верховна Рада України, Кабінет Міністрів України, місцеві представницькі органи); 2) органи спеціальної компетенції з наявністю частини функцій у сфері оподаткування (Міністерство фінансів України, Державна казначейська служба України); 3) органи спеціальної податкової компетенції (Державна фіскальна служба України як контролюючий орган у сфері оподаткування). Розглянуто зміст і структуру податкових повнова- жень. Наголошено, що головною відмітною особливістю співвідношення податкової компетенції та податкових повноважень є можливість делегування частини повноважень, тоді як компетенція делегуванню не підлягає. На підставі аналізу чинного законодавства України розглянуто податкові повноваження органів державної влади та органів місцевого самоврядування. Висвітлено права і обов’язки в податковій сфері Верховної Ради України, Державної фіскальної служби України, Кабінету Міністрів України, Міністерства фінансів України, Державної казначейської служби України, місцевих рад. Запропоновано шляхи вдосконалення законодавства України при правовому регулюванні податкових відносин і закріпленні податкових повноважень органів публічної влади.

The selection of competent, professional staff that will meet the interests of citizens and the state is one of the most important problems of the modern period of functioning of the civil service. The relevance of the study related to the rules of recruitment for work in the State Treasury is due to the fact that the quality of public services does not fully meet the requirements for their replacement, and the success of state policy depends on human resources. A new solution to the current problem in the field of science "Public Administration" to substantiate the theoretical foundations of the development of personnel management of a public body on the basis of a competency-based approach that will meet the needs of public authorities in specialists with a high level of professionalism, and provide new opportunities for professional self-realization. employees. It is determined that to work with staff requires a well-thought-out system of staffing of the civil service, which will be aimed at improving the professional and psychological and emotional competencies of its staff and to enrich their professional potential. Possibilities of adaptation of world experience in the development of the civil service management system of Ukraine, in particular, in terms of enshrining the principle of meritocracy at the legislative level, resulting in the introduction of a "merit system" implemented by personnel management services through a competency model for government officials : general, professional and intellectual. Based on the analysis of state policy on personnel management in public authorities in Ukraine identified types of organization of personnel management service, which allows to change the bureaucratic and procedural way of personnel management services of state bodies of Ukraine to competency-oriented, which allows to agree on a wide range of issues professional activity of a civil servant and his professional competence, as well as fair remuneration of individual achievements. The analysis of the current state of personnel selection and personnel management in the system of the State Treasury Service of Ukraine is carried out. Proposals for improving the development of the personnel management service of the state body on the basis of the competence approach are formulated and practical recommendations for their implementation are offered.

This article substantiates the essence and problems of state policy in the human resources management in public and local government authorities of Ukraine. The quality of specialist training for work in public and local government authorities is analyzed and the ways to improve the level of personnel professional competence are determined. The main problems of human resources management in the system of public authorities are covered. They are adaptation of state policy in the human resources management, increase in the demands and responsibility of the civil servant for the quality of tasks performed, etc. The purpose of the human resources management is to provide personnel, organize its effective use, professional and social development. Therefore, the task of this article is to determine the main directions of restructuring the human resources to improve the functioning, to expand the functional responsibilities of employees of relevant services, to increase their independence in solving problems of human resources management. The unresolved parts of the general problem are considered: the creation of a professional institute of public service; ensuring its effectiveness; the issue of improving the functioning of human resources of public authorities in Ukraine given modern achievements of the theory and practice of human resources management remains relevant. The changes in human resources in public authorities for the purpose of modernization of the legislation of Ukraine on public service and service in local government authorities are studied. The directions of improving the modern management system in public authorities to form the effective public policy are proposed.

With the development of market relations, the urgency of defining new approaches in the management of scientific and technological progress, which provides innovative development of enterprises. The purpose of the article is to study the problems of development of the intellectual property protection system, their impact on the innovation activities of agricultural enterprises of Ukraine and to develop approaches to effective implementation of innovations in their activities. In the process of writing general theoretical methods were used. The system method was used in the study of theoretical aspects of innovative technologies. The method of analysis is used to characterize the receipt of applications for inventions in Ukraine. With the help of abstract-logical substantiated and presented conclusions and proposals for the development of effective mechanisms for implementing the strategy of innovative development of Ukraine's economy. Currently, the most pressing problem of increasing the competitiveness of the economy and high-quality economic growth is the creation and implementation of a systematic approach to the protection and management of intellectual property in Ukraine to make fuller use of national intellectual results and scientific and technological progress. We believe that although in recent years in Ukraine enough attention has been paid to the problems of development of the intellectual property protection system and its regulatory support, but the implementation of the main provisions of these regulations is inadequate. As evidenced by the dynamics of applications for inventions, so in 2019 they received 3852 against 4495 in 2015, respectively. The number of applications from national applicants during the period under review did not change, and from foreign applicants — decreased by 5.7 %, which in indicates the distrust of the latter to the economic and political situation in Ukraine. Critical assessments of the situation in the domestic sphere of intellectual property protection, in particular objects of industrial property rights, are confirmed by data from international and national official sources. The data presented in the article show that the existing system of intellectual property management is inefficient and does not meet modern priorities of technological development and requirements for economic growth. Taking into account the socio-economic features of today, we have proposed priority organizational and economic measures to develop effective mechanisms to strengthen the role of intellectual property in the implementation of the strategy of innovative development of Ukraine's economy. In particular we need: 1. To promote the gradual creation of a national network of commercialization and transfer of technologies and innovations based on the organization of regional centers. 2. To develop programs and incentives for scientific and technological partnership between government agencies in the academic, sectoral and educational sectors of science and industry. It is also advisable to develop a legal framework for the possibility of establishing a scientific and technological cluster by state organizations and private enterprises. 3. Reduce by 80–75 % the current rates of fees for patenting inventions and utility models. 4. Develop and implement mechanisms of state support for patenting inventions abroad, created in accordance with the priorities of technological development of the country, etc. The proposed recommendations for developing effective mechanisms to strengthen the role of intellectual property in implementing the strategy of innovative development of Ukraine's economy should be adapted to the guidelines of modern economic policy in order to accelerate the restructuring of national policy based on innovative development model and economical knowledges.

The relevance of the article is that the importance of studying the criminological characteristics of a criminal offense under Art. 305 of the Criminal code of Ukraine is caused by the fact that according to statistical data, in recent years in Ukraine there is a gradual aggravation of a narcotic situation. The aim of the article is to investigate the level and dynamics of the revealed facts of smuggling of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their analogues or precursors as separate components of criminological characteristics. It is emphasized that the crime rate will be the first indicator that we will analyze. In criminology, this criminological indicator is understood as the absolute number of registered crimes and persons who committed them, for a certain period of time in a certain area. This indicator characterizes the extent or magnitude of crime in absolute numbers. The lack of tendency was found to be one of the markers of the brightly postmodern administration of the power bloc, which, judging by the actual organizational and managerial approaches and its results, is based on the principles of nonlinearity, unpredictability, large-scale synthesis of synergy, existence and universal pragmatism. They also show elements of cyclicality, a periodic return to the already denied, eliminated components in the organization of law enforcement, but in completely different tones of political and opportunistic and purely discursive symbolism. The level and dynamics of the revealed facts of smuggling of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their analogues or precursors as separate components of the criminological characteristic are investigated. It has been found that over the last ten years there has been a constant fluctuation of their number in the range of 15-55%, either upwards or downwards, but such fluctuations are in the range of 210-330 facts, and there are no stable trends. The same is evidenced by the analysis of indicators regarding the number of declared suspicions (ranging from 110-220), identified persons (ranging from 80-140) and convicted (ranging from 80-120) under this article of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. And the level of the revealed facts of commission of the considered criminal act, per 1 million population, constantly fluctuates within 5-8 criminal offenses and also does not show steady tendency to essential increase or decrease of such indicator.

Aim. To compare the contents of first-aid kits of rescue teams in different countries.Materials and methods. In the process of research the methods of content analysis, comparison, analysis, synthesis and generalization and expert survey were used. The experts were rescuers and workers of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine (SESU).Results. As a result of the expert survey it has been determined that all fire and rescue teams today are staffed with first-aid kits. However, most respondents noted that in their professional activities they had to use first-aid kits to provide the first aid to the injured or colleagues. All respondents consider it necessary to have a first-aid kit in a rescue vehicle and to attend first aid courses. The content analysis has shown the main aspects of providing the SESU workers with medical products and medical devices. A comparative analysis of the contents of first-aid kits for rescuers has revealed significant differences in their component parts depending on the legislative framework of the country.Conclusions. Trends in emergencies, the number of victims and deaths in recent years in Ukraine have been studied. The content analysis of the regulatory framework for medical equipment of fire and rescue teams has been conducted, and it has allowed determining the contents of first-aid kits that fire (rescue) teams and operational- mobile groups should be equipped with. The studies have shown the need to improve the contents of first-aid kits of rescuers.

Formulation of the problem. In order to determine the current state of socio-economic development of the regions, the administrative-territorial structure of the country is considered in the regional section. The aim of the research is to analyze the scale of disproportions in the socio-economic development of the country's regions. The object of the research is the current state of development of the regions of Ukraine and the process of identifying regional development disproportions. The hypothesis of the research is the assumption that in recent years in Ukraine and in most of its regions, the developmental imbalance that is characterized by a significant demographic crisis, interregional economic and social disparities deepens. The statement of basic materials. The result of the significant differentiation of the country's socio-economic space is the varying capacity of the regions to ensure local development: there is an intensification of the differentiation of regions according to indicators such as the gross regional product, the income of the population, the average monthly wage, the scope of which varies by regions per capita reaches almost twice the size, and the unemployment rate in regions with a depressed state of development is 3 times more than in developed countries. The originality and practical significance of the research. The analysis of the share of regions in the total volume of the main macroeconomic indicators - net profit of enterprises, volumes of export, import, capital investments, retail turnover of enterprises is made. It has been determined that developed regions such as the metropolitan region, Dnipropetrovsk and Kharkiv regions occupy 10.0-40.0% of the total, while the backward regions – Ternopil, Chernivtsi, Kirovograd regions occupy almost 3.0% on these indicators. The same trends of spatial development can be traced to the fullness of regional budgets. Conclusions of the research. After the budget regulation, the ranking of regions for budget security varies significantly. If the Kharkiv region took the sixth place before the transfers, then after granting it - the nineteenth, Odesa region moved from the fifth place to the seventeenth, Nikolayev region from the ninth to the eighteenth. Conversely, such areas as Sumy, Zhytomyr and Volyn changed the rating from the eleventh fifth, from fifteenth to tenth, from the seventeenth to ninth, respectively. This situation does not give grounds for expanding its own tax base, to create favorable conditions for the development of the region's economy and, therefore, there is the effect of artificial subsidization of economically developed regions.

The article is devoted to the problems associated freeze with the calculated estimation of the parameters of the structural and heat-insulating antifreeze layer in the subgrade of non-rigid roads on various soil bases. The main physical, technical and deformation characteristics of monolithic dispersed non-autoclaved foam concrete reinforced with polypropylene fiber of grades of density from 600 to 1000 kg/m3 are investigated. Freezing of subsoil waters directly under the roadway pavement and, as a result, its increase in volume, leads to significant deformations of the road surface. Under such conditions, the period of defectfree operation of the roadway pavement is significantly reduced, which in turn leads to the need to repair it in a more intensive mode. One of the ways to reduce the operating cost and maintenance costs of the road transport infrastructure is to introduce into the design and construction practice new structural concepts for road surface dressing that ensure high quality pavement during the normative operational period. This can be achieved by introducing an effective heat-insulating material into the pavement structure as an anti-frost layer in order to elimi-nate the effect of frost lift of the roadway pavement of non-rigid roads. Since domestic and foreign experience freeze in the road construction has proven the effectiveness of the use of heatinsulating materials in the road surface dressing construction, in recent years in Ukraine there has been increased interest in the use of non-autoclaved foam concrete as a modern and highly effective heat-insulating material in road construction. The installation of a heat-insulating layer made of non-autoclaved foam concrete allows us to completely or partially prevent freezing or overheating of the surface dressing base, reduce the influence of periodic variations in environmental temperature, which in turn will increase the durability of the pavement structure. The publication presents nomograms for determining the optimal thickness of the heat-insulating anti-frost heavy course (layer) of road surface dressing (based on sand, loamy sand, clay and loam) done at the street and road network for all climatic and geographical regions of Ukraine.