자연휴양림 모니터링 시스템 구축에 관한 연구

The tourism sector plays an important part in Malaysia's economy. It includes beach and recreational tourism. However, most recreational beaches in Malaysia do not impose an entrance fee on visitors. Depending on government funding to maintain recreational beach facilities is not the best option for the future. Therefore, funding directly from visitors is needed to help cater for beach maintenance costs. Based on this, it is crucial to understand how much visitors are willing to pay for the recreational use of beaches, as any money collected could be used to help to improve facilities and services at beach areas. This study investigated visitors' willingness to pay for recreational beach facilities and has provided policy recommendations for better management of tourist facilities and services in the future. Teluk Kemang beach in Port Dickson was chosen as the case study location. This study applied the Choice Experiments (CE) method, and the model used was the Conditional Logit (CL) model. This research used four attributes: amenities, recreational facilities, cleanliness, and entrance fee. The CL results revealed that visitors were willing to pay for good amenities and cleanliness, with values of RM2.07 and RM2.43, respectively. Therefore, it was discovered that it was practical to charge an entrance fee to cover improved maintenance of beach facilities.

Gölcük Nature Park (GNP) is an area protected by law in Turkey. It is an important nature park with rich flora, fauna, geomorphologic forms, landscape features, and recreational potential in the region. However, GNP does not have a recreation management plan. The purpose of this study was to determine the actual natural, cultural, and visual resources of GNP, determine the most suitable recreational sites with multiple factors, evaluate the demands and tendencies of visitors, and suggest recreational activities and facilities for the most suitable sites of GNP. However, it was also conceived as leading to a recreational plan and design of GNP in the future and identifying the entire appropriate and current data of GNP with the creation of various maps. This study used multifactor analysis to determine the most suitable recreation sites of GNP. Used recreation factors were established including degree of slope, proximity to water resources, accessibility, elevation, vegetation, soil, climate, aspect, current cultural facilities, visual values, and some limiting factors in accordance with the characteristics of GNP. Weighting and suitability values of factors were determined by 30 local expert surveys. All obtained data were evaluated and integrated in the Geographical Information Systems base. Obtained maps were overlapped. Thus, recreational suitability zones map were created manually. However, the demands and behaviours from visitor surveys in GNP were focused on the most suitable recreation sites of the park. Finally, 10% of GNP was identified as the most suitable sites for recreational use. Various recreational facilities and activities (including picnicking, sports facilities and playgrounds, camping sites, walking paths, food and local outlets, etc.) were recommended for nine of the most suitable areas on the proposed recreational map.

Landscape, facilities and visitors: An integrated model of recreational ecosystem services

Recreation managers have focused much of their efforts on the analysis of relationships between perceived user satisfaction, participation levels, and the manipulation of supply features whereas other managers have been concerned with unwanted social interactions that take place at recreation facilities. This study focuses upon an analysis both of the environmental preferences of recreators and of the social conditions present at facilities which affect visitor satisfaction and use. Preferences for five attributes of trail areas within Chicago forest preserves were examined so that a predictive model for visitor satisfaction could be derived and used to evaluate alternative management strategies for trail design. The number of changes in views contributed more to visitor satisfaction than the type of trail surface, trail length, and the type of terrain on the trail. Proximity to residence was more important than the combination of all other physical characteristics. In addition, a positive correlation was found between the level of social interaction that one might experience and one's preference for a trail area. Neither one's choice of activity nor the characteristics of the person or persons encountered with regard to age, race, or behavior along the trail areas significantly affected concerns for social interactions or use of trail areas. However, differences did exist among the recreators with regard to the perceived effectiveness of alternative management strategies designed to mitigate social interactions. Last, the joint effects of recreators' preferences for environmental attributes and the effect of environmental management policies aimed at controlling social interaction were examined and shown to have interlocking and, sometimes, offsetting effects.

Agricultural activity in Galicia, North West Spain, is carried out on farms that are characterized by a diversity of land use and production models, a variety of farm sizes, and considerable geographical dispersion. Any attempt of Agricultural Production Planning aimed at characterizing production models requires a method of analysing data and obtaining technicaleconomic results from farms in the different areas. Models based on average statistical data are limited because they represent farms that do not exist in reality. This study develops a methodology to characterize and group dairy farms into different types according to the following basic variables: land use, size classes and production systems. The information used in this study was microdata from the 1999 Census of Agriculture. The methodology developed was also applied to microdata from the 1989 Census of Agriculture, thus obtaining significant information about the evolution of agricultural activity. The tools used in the analysis were Microsoft Access and Excel, and an application that was developed using Microsoft Visual Basic. The methodology presented can be used to analyse the evolution of the sector or to model future trends.

Topicality. The current state of socio-economic development demonstrates awareness of the need harmonious solving economic and environmental issues that arise as a result of recreational nature-use management; necessitates the search for scientific approaches to the classification of natural recreational resources, as well as the transformation and diversification of the recreational and tourist sphere functioning. Aim and tasks. Aim: deepening and analysis of scientific approaches to the classification of natural recreational resources in the context of rational nature use and the recreational and tourist activities development. Tasks: to classify natural recreational resources on the grounds of exhaustibility, renewability, reproduction, setting restrictions on forms and property rights and their possible diversification in recreational and tourist activities. Research results. The state of socio-economic and ecological interaction, the increase of society's needs in recreational resources and facilities cause the need for targeted use of natural resource capital to meet the needs of the population - in recreational nature-use management. Three functions of recreational nature-use management (social, economic and nature protection) are defined, their maintenance is opened. The distribution of environmental elements on natural resources and natural conditions, which is quite conditional, has been studied. According to the review and analysis of classification criteria and characteristics, approaches to classification are systematized, namely: physical-geographical aspect, economic effect, economic-legal, environmental and social factors. The classification of natural recreational resources is given in context of ownership relations and economic interests between the subjects of recreational and tourist sphere and from the possible diversification side of natural recreational resources use. Conclusion. Thus, since the classification of natural recreational resources and conditions allows to identify patterns of different resources combination, determine the economic benefits of their use, opportunities for alternative, including recreational, use, as well as draw conclusions about the rational use, conservation and prospects of diversification, prospects for territory development priorities and communities located on them.

The article is devoted to the problem of the functioning of the system of monitoring the quality of the natural environment. The article emphasizes that the main source of information on the qualitative state of the natural environment, as well as information on the state of natural resources, is environmental monitoring. In order to obtain reliable environmental information, the state system of environmental monitoring must function properly and have an appropriate legal basis.Attention was drawn to the fact that today the state system of environmental monitoring needs substantial reformation and improvement of the legal framework for management activities in the specified area. Attention is drawn to some problems in the system of information provision of nature management and environmental protection. The shortcomings of the system of monitoring both the state of the natural environment and the qualitative state of Ukraine’s land resources are highlighted.The author highlights the main tasks and focus of environmental monitoring. It is emphasized that the leading role in the formation of the system of information support for the rational use and protection of natural resources belongs to environmental monitoring. Special attention is paid to land and soil monitoring. It is emphasized that the function of land and soil monitoring is entrusted to the central executive body that implements state policy in the field of land relations, the central executive body that implements state policy in the field of environmental protection, which in turn will help to eliminate the problem of the monitoring organization system. At the same time, land and soil monitoring data will be collected in one database, which will help to compare them and carry out an appropriate analysis of the qualitative state of lands and soils.Changes to the environmental legislation regarding the legal regulation of the functioning of the state environmental monitoring system have been studied and analyzed. Legislative norms aimed at improving the legal regulation of information on the state of the environment and mechanisms for ensuring access to it are analyzed. It was emphasized that the reform of the state environmental monitoring system is a new stage in the improvement of the information system and its interaction with similar systems in other countries of the world.

The urgency of the topic is determined by the importance of using the water of the Irsha River for various purposes: a source of drinking water, a source of energy, use it as a recreational facility, for irrigation, fishing, etc. The Irsha River is under the influence of the Irsha Mining and Processing Plant. When water infiltrates through the body of tailings dams, settling ponds, oxidized water enters surface waters. The aim of the research is the ecological assessment of the surface water quality of the Irsha River and the analysis of the impact of the mining industry on it. The task of the study is to analyze the impact on the state of surface waters of the river Irsha mining industry. The subject of the study is a set of hydrochemical and hydrological indicators of the ecological status of the river Irsha, left tributary of the Teteriv River (basin of Dnipro) in the Zhytomyr region for the period 2018-2019. The graphic method of complex assessment of water quality and the method of ecological assessment of surface water quality of the river Irsha according to the corresponding categories are applied in the work. The purpose of the study is the ecological assessment of the surface water quality of the Irsha River and the analysis of the impact of the mining industry on it. Analysis of the results of laboratory studies of the quality of wastewater discharged into the Irsha River indicates exceeding the established standards. This is due to the presence of pollutants in the soil that enter into the water. According to the results of a comprehensive assessment of surface water quality based on the graphical method, it was found that in 2018-2019 in general river waters in both observation sites within the Irsha River do not meet quality requirements, there were high values of MPC for dissolved oxygen, total iron and permanganate oxidation in both alignments. It is investigated that the surface waters of the river Irsha in both springs belong to the III class of water quality, which indicates a significant anthropogenic impact, the level of which is close to the limit of ecosystem stability. This is due to the high anthropogenic load in the Irsha river basin, primarily due to discharges of insufficiently treated wastewater. The results of research indicate a significant anthropogenic impact, the level of which is close to the limit of ecosystem sustainability. Given the current level of pollution of the Irsha River, the priority task in the field of environmental protection, rational use of natural resources is the implementation of measures provided by state and regional target programs to reduce anthropogenic pressure and improve surface water bodies.

In recent years, there has been increasing awareness of the preservation, protection and sustainable use of natural resources. Water resources, being one of the most important, face major threats due to contamination by pollutants of various types and origins. Maintaining the quality of water resources requires more robust, reliable and more frequent monitoring than traditional data collection techniques based on manual sampling methods. This article, which is the result of ongoing research, proposes a practical and cost-effective solution for a surface water monitoring system, using a robotics platform and cloud services. The proposed solution allows for scalability and will accommodate a wide range of end-user specifications. To allow for continuous operation in longer activities, the design of a versatile real-time water quality monitoring system should also take into consideration the question of its energy requirements and self-sufficiency.

Application of modern signal processing technology, wireless sensor technology, virtual instrument technology, and database technology, the subsystem of remote condition monitoring and fault diagnosis system data analysis and fault diagnosis system is developed. The overall scheme of wind turbine gearbox remote condition monitoring and fault diagnosis system is designed, and the function of each module in the system is introduced. The basic principles of vibration signal noise reduction, time-frequency analysis, and order analysis are described. Through the analysis and diagnosis of measuring vibration signal, the subsystem is verified to be reliable and effective.

Most adolescents do not meet physical activity guidelines, so understanding facilitators and barriers is important. This study used surveys and geocoded location data to examine associations of availability of parks and recreation facilities with adolescent-reported participation in organized team sports and physical activity classes. The study was conducted with 928 adolescents aged 12–17 years, plus one parent/caretaker, recruited from two regions of the US. Adolescents’ participation in teams and classes was positively associated with parents’ perceptions of multiple available recreation environments, but not with objectively-measured availability. Having multiple nearby parks and recreation facilities may provide adolescents with more options for participating in preferred organized team sports and activity classes.

IntroductionSelf-care activities, including exercise, may be neglected by medical students in response to increasing academic demands. Low levels of exercise among medical students may have ripple effects on patient care and counseling. This study investigates the reciprocal role of recreation use and academic performance among first-year medical students.MethodsWe combined retrospective administrative data from four cohorts of first-year medical students at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign from 2006 to 2010 (n=408). We estimated regression models to clarify the role of changes in recreation use before examinations on changes in academic performance, and vice versa.ResultsThe use of recreation facilities by first-year medical students was highly skewed. We found that changes in recreation use before an exam were positively associated with changes in exam performance, and vice versa. Students who make large decreases in their recreation use are likely to decrease their exam scores, rather than increase them.DiscussionStudents who make decreases in their recreation, on average, are likely to decrease their exam scores. These findings suggest that medical students may be able to boost their achievement through wellness interventions, even if they are struggling with exams. We find no evidence that decreasing wellness activities will help improve exam performance.

Recreational use of Swiss forests: their importance for the regional economy Forests fulfill conservation, production and welfare functions. If forests are not considered isolatedly, but rather as part of a landscape or a region, their positive impact on regional welfare becomes apparent. The regional economic impact of the recreational use of Swiss forests is investigated in the case study regions of Sihlwald, a typical local recreation area, and Bergell, a destination for nature-based tourism. The relative importance of forests in the decision to visit the case study regions is identified by means of a conjoint analysis that assesses the forest affinity of visitors. Both the regional added value and the employment effects of the recreational use of forests are identified in an economic impact analysis. The results show that although they have a high affinity for forests, visitors to local recreation forests, such as the Sihlwald, spend little and generate rather small regional economic impacts. In contrast, the findings for nature-based tourism destinations, such as the Bergell, show a different picture: although the forest is not the most important criterion when selecting the destination, the regional economy benefits from higher consumer expenditures. The amount of visitor expenditure most notably depends on the variety and quality of tourism services in and around the forest area. Hence, to promote the regional economic importance of the recreational use of forests, tourism services in forest areas would have to be created or enhanced.

The recreational use of waters has increased in recent decades all over the world. Swimming pools and other recreational water facilities offer opportunities for enjoyment and health promotion, but they also may involve health risks, despite the fact that better management and modern technologies for water treatment and quality monitoring (e.g. real-time protocols for detecting bacteria), have made such facilities safer.1,2 Several communicable diseases – cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, leptospirosis, legionellosis, bacterial and viral gastroenteritis – are commonly associated with bathing in recreational waters.3,4 According to field study surveys in different countries, the rate of diarrhoeal illness among swimmers ranges from 3 to 8%.5,6 Injuries are also common. In the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland alone, more than 13 000 injuries are estimated to occur annually, on average, among bathers.3,4 Preventing injuries, drownings, the toxic effects of chemical contaminants and outbreaks of waterborne diseases in people who swim in recreational waters calls for a sustained, concerted, multisectoral effort involving epidemiologists, physicians, microbiologists, toxicologists, builders, public opinion leaders and public health authorities. Swimming pools and spas are used by millions of people seeking recreation, rehabilitation, wellness and other health benefits. According to 2011 market data issued by the European Union of Swimming Pool and Spa Associations, 5.7 million pools exist in Europe, or about one for every 150 inhabitants.7 A large part of the world’s population is exposed to the health risks posed by swimming pools, which account for much of the world’s water consumption.8 This includes children, the elderly, pregnant women and people with immunodeficiency and disabilities. People in certain occupations, such as swimming coaches, water sport professionals and pool operators, are also exposed to such risks. In the twenty-first century, international safety standards or harmonized national safety laws are essential in light of the booming tourist industry – now the third largest in the world. From a global health perspective, water facilities must be made safe not just for resident populations, but also for travellers. The absence of an international regulatory framework for pool and spa safety and the presence of incomplete national regulations in many countries put local populations and visitors at risk. For example, Europe’s lack of a directive on safety in swimming pools and other recreational water facilities limits standardization and harmonization throughout the continent. Several institutions have recognized the need for international pool and spa safety regulations. This point was discussed in Rome last April, at the Fifth International Conference on Swimming Pool and Spa.9 The Conference focused on the role of aquatic recreational environments in health promotion but also called attention to the need for good surveillance and prevention to reduce safety hazards. Engineers, chemists, biologists, public health experts, architects, sociologists, occupational medicine specialists and ecologists were in attendance. This large and committed panel of experts can update safety guidelines periodically and support their local dissemination through universities and research centres, public health authorities, swimming pool managers and sports clubs and organizations catering to tourists and local residents. Conference attendees also discussed new technologies for monitoring the microbiological and chemical safety of recreational waters. Technological innovations can play a pivotal role in prevention. Rapid techniques for monitoring water quality can allow for quick measures in response to contamination. The new technologies are gradually shifting the focus from mandatory safety requirements towards expectations of good water quality and towards the implementation of collaborative surveillance strategies based on the hazard analysis and critical control point model. Use of the new technologies must, of course, be harmonized and adopted in consultation with public health institutions to avoid any risk to bathers from the application of unvalidated procedures. Appropriate water sanitation and safety measures are not the only priorities, however. Water is a scarce commodity. The conservation of this most precious resource and its rational use in recreation calls for advanced water management in the context of sustainable development. This and other issues will be discussed in Amsterdam in 2015 at the Sixth International Conference on Swimming Pool and Spa,10 which scientists are currently organizing, together with World Water Day (22 March 2014) and other activities promoted by agencies such as UN-Water and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

Timeaxis Design of Health Monitoring Seat System Using M Method and SysML