Внедрение российским бизнесом стандартов ESG: разработка комплекса приоритетных мер для системы торгово-промышленных палат РФ

Introduction. In the context of a large-scale sanctions regime, the intensification of anti-corruption work requires special attention among a number of adjustment measures related to structural changes in the economy and changes in supply logistics. Sanctions become a trigger for the emergence of new corrupt practices. The purpose of this article: using sociological analysis methods, to identify the “social legitimacy” (admissibility, acceptability) of corrupt behavior in the business community as a risk factor for the growth of corruption in unfavorable conditions of sanctions pressure. Materials and Methods. The article is based on the results of a sociological study conducted by the authors using a questionnaire survey to assess the level of business corruption in 2021 pre-sanction and in 2022‒2023 sanction years for the Russian economy among the business community of the Sverdlovsk region (n = 500 annually). In order to compare regional trends with all-Russian ones, the results of sociological studies were used: “Business Barometer of Corruption in Russia” and “Consequences of the introduction of sanctions for Russian business.” Results. Risks to the social legitimacy of corruption under sanctions have been identified: against the general background of a negative assessment of corruption by the business community, there has been an increase in the number of supporters of the position that corruption can help solve pressing business problems, as well as those who are neutral towards corrupt business practices; an increase in the desire of the business community to justify the use of corrupt behavior patterns with the usual “that’s the way it is in Russia” has been revealed. Another risk is the dissonance between values and behavior: “In general, corruption is bad, but in a crisis situation, in my daily practice, I can, even must, use corrupt schemes”. Discussion and Conclusion. The life position of the business community, in which corruption is accepted as an inevitable norm of social interaction, turns out to be a barrier to anti-corruption work. The need to intensify sociological research to study the culture of everyday life in the Russian business community has been recorded. The results obtained can be used by government agencies, the chamber of commerce and industry; the union of small and medium-sized businesses, representatives of the business community to intensify anti-corruption work.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the current situation of procurement from small and medium-sized businesses in Russia within the framework of 44 and 223 Federal Laws. The main problems and trends of these purchases are considered. The analysis of the dynamics of the decrease in the number of insurance companies – representatives of small and mediumsized businesses in Russia was carried out. The situation with the state of licenses of insurers by types of insurance as of March 2022 has been structured. The situation with the provision of preferences for procurement from small and medium-sized businesses was considered separately within the framework of 44 and 223 Federal Laws. Proposals are made to reduce the risks of industry monopolization in these segments and the development of unfair competition due to a decrease in the number of players in the insurance market of the Russian Federation.

This paper considers current contradictions in state–business relations in Russia. On one hand, the Russian political elite needs economic growth to keep social stability in the country and to limit mass protesting in big cities. Economic growth is impossible without investment, which explains Russian leaders’ increased interest in improving Russia's business climate. On the other hand, influential interest groups (represented first of all by security and law enforcement agencies) try to expand their control on rent sources in the economy. These groups of interests could strengthen their positions due to fear of political protests. This strong conflict among different groups in the Russian elite creates additional uncertainty for investors and the business community, and can lead to economic recession independent of the level of oil prices and dynamics of global markets. Reversing these negative trends in economic development will be possible only with collective actions of different economic and political actors (including technocrats in federal and regional governments, representatives of large and successful middle-sized business and top-managers of public sector organizations) in the search for pragmatic solutions to the challenges faced by Russian economy and society.

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In a number of international initiatives and meetings, a wide range of stakeholders place corporate social responsibility in the light of global sustainable development policy. Emphasis is placed on the importance and influence of enterprises with their activities for the implementation of the strategic goals of the governments to change the quality of the growth and prosperity of the nations. To realize these goals nowadays in developed economies, transparency and accountability are accepted as basic elements of corporate social commitment. They have gained popularity as a safe and reliable approach in achieving sustainable development and a comprehensive and complete presentation of companies in terms of corporate social responsibility. After the European Union issued the first mandatory standards for corporate sustainability reporting and included a wide range of non-financial indicators in the scope of sustainability reports, this enables a more specific and accurate assessment of the contribution and impact of enterprises in relation to the goals of sustainable development and the green transition of economies. The object of consideration in this article is the European ESG standards for the reporting of enterprises in relation to sustainability, and the subject is the approaches and mechanisms of influence regarding the potential effects of the implementation of the standards. The goal is to determine the economic effects for enterprises, in particular for the activity of small and medium-sized enterprises, from the implementation of the standards and to specify the impact instruments in view of the benefits, costs and risks for the sustainable development of enterprises. It is argued that the introduction and implementation of the European ESG standards for the reporting of enterprises in relation to sustainability create to a certain extent conditions of uncertainty for the business environment and give rise to potential risks for the European economy in terms of some of the economic effects for small and medium-sized enterprises.

This trend has affected both tourist countries and countries where tourism is not the primary economic sector. This paper examines the socio-economic aspects of the development of the Russian Federation's tourism industry in recent years. The objective of the study is to evaluate the development of the tourism industry in Russia. For this purpose, the issues of methodology for collecting official statistical information in tourism are considered, statistical data on tourism development are analyzed, and key indicators of the Tourism Development Strategy in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2035 are analyzed. The authors used general scientific research methods, namely, methods of reviewing the economic literature on the stated topic, analyzing statistical data characterizing the development of tourism in the Russian Federation in 2014–2018, and synthesizing the results obtained. The data source was indicators characterizing the development of the tourism and hospitality industries in Russia, the activities of collective accommodation facilities, and tourist companies. The study describes the social and economic aspects of the development of the tourism and hospitality industries in Russia for 2014–2018, identifies the necessary organizational and economic conditions to increase the volume of domestic tourism through administrative, fiscal, and social measures, proposes mechanisms to stimulate national tourism development to achieve the key indicators of tourism development until 2035.

To describe career paths, leadership accomplishments, and extent of incorporation of Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB) values into professional activities of all previous long-term trainees. In 1998 the Pediatric Pulmonary Centers (PPCs) completed a Leadership Training Outcomes Survey of all previous long-term trainees. The survey included 1) characteristics, 2) career paths, 3) current professional activities, 4) leadership roles and activities, and 5) career incorporation of MCHB values. There was a 63% response rate (N = 274) from 431 mailed surveys. Most respondents provided clinical care in varied health-related settings. Of the respondents, 44% (N = 120) served mothers, 87% (N = 239) served children, and 78% (N = 214) served children with special health care needs. Forty-seven percent of the mothers and children served were from racial or ethnic minority groups. Ninety-two percent (N = 252) of respondents had conducted training since graduation and 56% (N = 153) had provided technical assistance. Many provided leadership in the acquisition and dissemination of new knowledge through research publication (33%), advocacy (37%), and program administration/oversight (87%). Thirty percent of the respondents (N = 83) had received special recognition awards for professional activities. Most PPC graduates serve families and children as a central aspect of their career, providing or enhancing family-centered, community-based, culturally competent, comprehensive interdisciplinary care.

As a general rule, an express written agreement on applicable law is the most successful in the event of a dispute. However, the wording of the agreement, particularly when terms such as «law» and «legislation» are used, can cause significant difficulties in the law enforcement process. The practice of Russian courts and the International Commercial Arbitration Court at the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation has established the position that the parties' choice of «Russian Federation law» means, first and foremost, their choice of international treaties of the Russian Federation which are an integral part of its legal system and, as far as they are concerned, of Russian regulations. Difficulties in the practice of the International Commercial Arbitration Court are caused by the interpretation of the phrase «Russian Federation law» used in applicable law agreements. In some decisions it is understood as covering only Russian regulatory acts, in others it is understood as implying also international agreements of the Russian Federation. This problem is most acute in the application of the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, as the Convention allows the parties to exclude its application. This problem is compounded by the fact that the legislator himself uses various terms in formulating conflict of laws rules. For example, as part of the conflict of laws regulation of contractual legal relations with a foreign element, the Agreement of the countries of the Union of Independent States on the procedure for settling disputes related to business activities uses the term «legislation» and the Civil Code of the Russian Federation uses the term «law». In this regard, we support Oleg Malkin's position on the expediency of using the term «law» both in national conflict of laws rules and in international treaties concluded by the Russian Federation. We believe that if the parties choose the «legislation of the Russian Federation», the ap-plication of international treaties of the Russian Federation will only be justified if the parties themselves confirm that they did not intend to exclude their validity. In the absence of a common position of the parties on this issue, the court and the arbitral tribunal will be forced to interpret the said phrase in the light of its literal meaning and in the light of Art. 3 and 7 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation as covering only domestic legal acts and excluding (if such exclusion is permissible) international agreements. While acknowledging that in a number of cases the parties to applicable law agreements do not see any difference between the terms «law» and «legislation», we will point out the following. In the absence of an agreed position on the contrary, an express agreement must be interpreted only in accordance with its literal meaning, and a party that does not understand such meaning will suffer the adverse consequences of its misunderstanding. In this regard, the parties to international private law relations should once again be reminded of the recommendation to formulate the texts of applicable law agreements as precisely and unambiguously as possible.

Возрастающие потребности населения в основных товарах повседневного спроса и продуктах питания невозможно удовлетворить без современного развития и успешного функционирования отечественных национальных предприятий отраслей перерабатывающей промышленности. Актуальность исследования современного состояния отечественной пищевой промышленности как ведущей отрасли перерабатывающей промышленности России, обеспечивающей снабжение населения страны качественными пищевыми продуктами, является приоритетной на национальном и региональном уровнях, от которого зависит благополучие населения и продовольственная безопасность Российской Федерации. Целью проведенного исследования является изучение состояния, тенденций, проблем и возможных перспектив, направлений развития отраслей пищевой перерабатывающей промышленности России на современном этапе. Автором в исследовании поставлено решение основной задачи - на основе анализа состояние отраслевого развития промышленности выявить основные тенденции, особенности и драйвера возможного роста отечественных предприятий перерабатывающей промышленности. Методология проводимого автором исследования базируется на общенаучных методах анализа и синтеза, а также на математико-статистических методах изучения. Проведенные автором исследования показали, что для предприятий пищевой промышленности характерны отраслевые проблемы всего агропромышленного комплекса Российской Федерации. Государственная поддержка модернизации технологического оборудования и внедрения инновационных технологий, рост производительности сельского хозяйства и увеличение загруженности производственных мощностей, развитие инфраструктуры продовольственного рынка - являются одними из перспективных направлений развития агропромышленного комплекса и отраслей перерабатывающей промышленности России. The growing needs of the population for basic consumer goods and food products cannot be satisfied without modern development and successful functioning of domestic national enterprises in the processing industry. The relevance of the study of the current state of the domestic food industry as the leading branch of the processing industry in Russia, which ensures the supply of the country's population with high-quality food products, is a priority at the national and regional levels, on which the well-being of the population and food security of the Russian Federation depend. The purpose of the study is to study the state, trends, problems and possible prospects, directions of development of the food processing industry in Russia at the present stage. The author of the study posed a solution to the main task -based on the analysis of the state of sectoral development of industry, to identify the main trends, features and drivers of the possible growth of domestic enterprises in the processing industry. The methodology of the research carried out by the author is based on general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as on mathematical and statistical methods of study. The research carried out by the author showed that the food industry enterprises are characterized by sectoral problems of the entire agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation. State support for the modernization of technological equipment and the introduction of innovative technologies, an increase in agricultural productivity and an increase in the utilization of production capacities, the development of the infrastructure of the food market are some of the most promising areas for the development of the agro-industrial complex and processing industries in Russia

The main research question of the article is: What socio-economic features are characteristic of leaders of responsible business in Russia? The study used methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis of the data of the national Russian EPS-rating for 2023. The results of the analysis showed that the modern leaders of responsible business in Russia are large manufacturing companies with developed social policies. The leaders of the national rating of responsible business in Russia, according to the national EPS-rating for 2023–2024, are characterized by the following major features. 1. By type of activity, manufacturing companies, as well as transportation and storage, are leading the way. However, companies in other fields of activity are represented. 2. In terms of annual income, most companies are large businesses: more than 86% of the leading companies in the EPSrating have an annual turnover of more than 2 billion rubles, including 36% of companies with more than 10 billion rubles. 3. In terms of the number of employees, most companies belong to the group of large enterprises (more than 77% have more than 250 employees), 38% have more than 1 thousand people. 4. In terms of the average monthly salary of employees, all companies pay employees above the average salary in the subject of the Russian Federation (more than 96%). More than half of the ranking leaders pay employees’ salaries equal to or exceeding 2 average monthly salaries in the region. Thus, the main result of the study is the conclusion that the leading companies in the EPS-rating belong mainly to industrial sectors (Appendix 1) and they share the following common features: this is a large industrial business both in terms of the number of employees and in terms of annual revenue, with an average annual employee salary higher than the regional average. Consequently, an increase in the number of enterprises responsibly conducting business activities will have a comprehensive positive impact on socio-economic indicators at both the regional and federal levels and contribute to the achievement of national sustainable development goals. The existing measures of state support in the Central Federal District allow responsible business to receive various preferences from the state in conducting business activities and there is a tendency to scale the best practices of state support for responsible business in the Central Federal District throughout Russia. This research should be continued in future works and a more detailed and comprehensive study of Russian and international socio-economic policies and successful practices of responsible business conduct.

Background. Achieving the national goal of ‘technological leadership’ set by the President of the Russian Federation on 7 May 2024 is possible by combining the efforts of various state structures, public constructs, and entrepreneurs. One of the social institutions capable of setting development guidelines in this direction are universities. And not only training specialists in the field of technology, but also those who will work with these specialists in the team of the project, which will later be transformed into a functioning business. And such specialists, in particular, are economists, whose task is to ensure that the economics of a technological entrepreneurship (TE) project will allow to obtain financing for its implementation. This means that economists must be able to evaluate the economic efficiency of solutions embedded in a project with specific properties inherent in TA. And the key question arises - what disciplines and/or sections of disciplines should be incorporated into the basic educational programmes of universities in the direction of Bachelor's degree ‘Economics’ in order to form and develop the competences of students in the field of technological entrepreneurship. In this regard, it is necessary to find answers to a number of questions: whether the inclusion of disciplines on the economics and finance of technology companies in the curriculum can be considered sufficient to achieve this goal, or whether modern conditions require a different approach; what to focus on when selecting disciplines and their sections; how to provide the educational process with teachers who have relevant knowledge, skills and abilities in the field of technological entrepreneurship; what forms of organisation of the educational process and extracurricular activities of students are appropriate and appropriate; and what forms of the educational process and extracurricular activities of students. Purpose - to investigate the issues of formation and development of competences in the field of technological entrepreneurship in Russian universities for Bachelor's degree students of the direction ‘Economics’ in modern conditions. Materials and methods. In the course of the research we applied a systematic approach, methods of observation, comparison, synthesis, graphical presentation of information, as well as analysis of existing literature and regulatory documents on the topic and analysis of open statistical data. The article is based on such sources as: normative legal acts, statistical data, publications in the Internet, conference materials, periodicals. Results. In order to achieve the national goal of establishing technological leadership in the Russian Federation, it is necessary to multiply the number of startup projects. One of the key areas for solving this task is to immerse university students in various aspects of technological entrepreneurship in order to develop their competences in this area and increase their readiness to become entrepreneurs both immediately after graduation and some time later. To increase the number of students familiar with technological entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial competence trainings are organised within the framework of the Federal project of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation in cooperation with development institutions ‘University Technological Entrepreneurship Platform’. However, in order to increase the number of successful startups and improve the quality of their feasibility studies required for obtaining funding, it is necessary to incorporate disciplines and/or sections/themes of disciplines oriented to the formation of competences in the field of technological entrepreneurship and aimed at educating a socially responsible entrepreneur into the curricula of Bachelor's degree programmes in Economics. Teaching of such disciplines should be carried out by both the university teaching staff trained in TE and its various aspects, and representatives of business and various structures interacting with it in the framework of their professional activities, taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of both teachers and ‘practitioners’. In addition to the direct study of TE within the framework of the educational programme, it is advisable to use various formats of introducing students to its aspects outside the educational process - during excursions, round tables, master-classes, business games, etc. The students should be introduced to the aspects of TE within the framework of the educational process.

This book tells the story of the political mobilization of American business in the 1970s and 1980s. The book traces the rise and ultimate fragmentation of a broad-based effort to unify the business community and promote a fiscally conservative, antiregulatory, and market-oriented policy agenda to Congress and the country at large. Arguing that business's political involvement was historically distinctive during this period, the chapter illustrates the changing power and goals of America's top corporate leaders. Examining the rise of the Business Roundtable and the revitalization of older business associations such as the National Association of Manufacturers and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the book takes readers inside the mind-set of the powerful CEOs who responded to the crises of inflation, recession, and declining industrial productivity by organizing an effective and disciplined lobbying force. By the mid-1970s, that coalition transformed the economic power of the capitalist class into a broad-reaching political movement with real policy consequences. Ironically, the cohesion that characterized organized business failed to survive the ascent of conservative politics during the 1980s, and many of the coalition's top goals on regulatory and fiscal policies remained unfulfilled. The industrial CEOs who fancied themselves the “voice of business” found themselves one voice among many vying for influence in an increasingly turbulent and unsettled economic landscape. Complicating assumptions that wealthy business leaders naturally get their way in Washington, the book shows how economic and political powers interact in the American democratic system.

Данная статья позволяет лучше понять комплекс особенностей малого бизнеса в России на современном этапе. Проанализировать некоторые актуальные и острые проблемы предприятий малого и среднего бизнеса в России. Проведен эмпирический анализ предоставления кредиты малому и среднему бизнесу в Российской Федерации. Сфера малого предпринимательства играет важнейшую роль в решении государственных задач, которые направленны на повышение качества занятости граждан, создание здоровой конкурентной среды. Материалы статьи включают в себя основные данные прямой и косвенной помощи государства индивидуальному предпринимательству в России, которые можно применить для оказания помощи малого и среднего бизнеса. Результаты проведенного исследования могут быть использованы с целью развития и изучения дальнейшими авторами данной статьи по теме потребительское кредитование. Данная работа позволяет взглянуть иначе на подход предоставление потребительское кредитования населению и использовать этот материал лучшие банковские практики с целью снижения кредитного давления на население. This article allows you to better understand the complex features of small business in Russia at the present stage. To perform some urgent and pressing issues of the enterprises of small and average business in Russia. An empirical analysis of the provision of loans to small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation is carried out. The sphere of small business plays an important role in solving state tasks aimed at improving the quality of employment of citizens and creating a healthy competitive environment. The materials of the article include the main data on direct and indirect state assistance to individual entrepreneurship in Russia, which can be applied to assist small and medium-sized businesses. The results of this research can be used for the development and study of further authors of this article on the topic of consumer lending. This work allows us to look differently at the approach of providing consumer credit to the population and use this material best banking practices in order to reduce credit pressure on the population.

A questionnaire concerned with current professional activities and future aspirations was sent to members of the Division of Clinical Psychologists of the Australian Psychological Society. Replies from 108 clinical psychologists were examined to allow comment on the present status of clinical psychology in Australia. Two resulte were prominent: firstly a number of deficiencies in clinical training emerged and, secondly, notwithstanding this, Australian clinical psychologists were largely satisfied with their choice of career. Comparative data from a study of American clinical psychologists revealed an interesting consistency in responses.

A four-block exploratory study was conducted with an electronic online, anonymous questionnaire to study the path of postgraduates from two professional master's degree classes, as follows: personal, current professional activity, course-professional situation relationship, and open-ended questions for positive/negative points. Results: Most of them remained in the primary care area and public services; in health care and as tutors; developed a course-related work activity, and 75% reported a high impact of the course. A lower effect was perceived in the remuneration. A higher effect was noted in the professional training, the networks of relationships, personal growth, and work. The active pedagogical strategies were well evaluated. Conclusion: This is a feasible and applicable evaluation method for graduate monitoring systems, and it allows knowing the relationship between training and work.