Подростковые девиации в сетевом сообществе

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has deeply affected adolescents’ psychosocial development, increasing vulnerability to distress and risk behaviors. This study examined whether aggression mediates the association between COVID-19–related stress and deviant behavior. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 638 adolescents and young adults (M = 18.8, SD = 3.51) from central Italy. Participants completed standardized self-report measures on COVID-related stress, aggression, and deviance. Analyses included Spearman correlations, regression models, and mediation testing. Results Social isolation was positively associated with aggression, whereas fear of COVID was negatively associated with aggression. Only physical aggression was significantly linked to deviant behavior. Mediation analysis showed that physical aggression partially mediated the relationship between COVID-19 stress and deviance: social isolation predicted higher physical aggression (β = 0.38, p < .001), which was associated with deviance (β = 0.07, p < .001); the indirect effect was significant (β = 0.027, p = .002). Fear of contagion showed a small but significant negative indirect effect (β = –0.006, p = .022). Conclusion Social isolation increased risk, whereas fear of contagion appeared to have a potential protective function.

Young people, disclosure of personal information and online privacy: Control, choice and consequences

BackgroundPeople may be stigmatized if they have mental illness, emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD), or physical or intellectual disabilities. Being stigmatized adversely affects one’s psychological well-being and quality of life. While occupational therapists frequently work with people with EBD and disabilities, all healthcare practitioners may encounter these populations, and stigmatizing attitudes of healthcare professionals towards such clients can negatively affect the therapeutic relationship, evaluation, and treatment. Therefore, understanding attitudes of healthcare students—as future practitioners in all fields of healthcare—towards people in this regard is fundamental to the future implementation of anti-stigma programs. We aimed to develop and test questionnaires for examining stigmatizing attitudes of healthcare students towards people with mental illness or disabilities and children with EBD.MethodsA literature review was conducted to identify surveys related to attitudes towards people with mental illness, EBD, and disabilities. Items that were pertinent to the concept of stigma were selected and modified to fit into the Taiwanese context. A total of 336 students from departments of occupational therapy, physical therapy, nursing, and medicine in 7 universities across Taiwan completed the questionnaires. Item analysis and factor analysis were used to examine the reliability and validity of the questionnaires. Gender differences were also considered.ResultsFactor analyses of the three questionnaires yielded factor structures that explained 61.34 to 67.15% of the variance, with Cronbach’s α values ranging from 0.71 to 0.89. The Questionnaire on Stigmatizing Attitudes Towards Mental Illness consisted of 16 items with 4 subscales: deviant behavior, social isolation, negative stereotype, and self-stigma. The Questionnaire on Stigmatizing Attitudes Towards Children with EBD consisted of 14 items with 3 subscales: rejective attitude, negative stereotype, and deviant behavior. The Questionnaire on Stigmatizing Attitudes Towards Disabilities consisted of 10 items with 3 subscales: positive stereotype, negative stereotype, and pessimistic expectation. In addition, men had slightly higher stigmatizing attitudes than women.ConclusionsThe results showed satisfactory factor structures and internal consistency, and thus support the use of these questionnaires to understand attitudes of healthcare students towards these populations. In addition, particular attention should be paid to gender differences in stigmatizing attitudes of healthcare students.

From the Social media use by health professionals occurs in a digital environment where etiquette has yet to be solidly defined. The objectives of this study were to explore veterinarians' personal use of Facebook, knowledge of privacy settings, and factors related to sharing personal information online. All American Animal Hospital Association member veterinarians with a valid e-mail address (9469) were invited to complete an online survey about Facebook (e.g., time spent on Facebook, awareness of consequences, types of information posted). Questions assessing personality dimensions including trust, popularity, self-esteem and professional identity were included. The response rate was 17% (1594 of 9469); 72% of respondents (1148 of 1594) had a personal Facebook profile. Veterinarians were more likely to share information on Facebook than they would in general. Trust, need for popularity, and more time spent on Facebook predicted more disclosure of personal information on Facebook. Awareness of consequences and increased veterinary experience predicted lesser disclosure. As veterinary practices use Facebook to improve client services, they need also to manage risks associated with online disclosure by staff. Raising awareness of reputation management and consequences of posting certain types of information to Facebook is integral to protecting the individual, the practice, and the veterinary profession.

The projected increase in Latinos affected by Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD) to 1.3 million by 2050 underscores the importance of understanding the experiences of Mexican American family caregivers. Despite recognized benefits of information communication technology (ICT) for caregivers, current research predominantly focuses on White American caregivers, leaving a gap in understanding the unique challenges faced by Mexican American caregivers. This study addresses this gap by conducting semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 24 Mexican American family caregivers of ADRD patients along the South Texas and Mexico Border. Participants were recruited through various channels, and Zoom interviews were conducted from January to Fall 2023, followed by thematic analysis. Participants ranged in age from 24 to 73, with an average of a college degree. Fourteen identified as Catholic, while seven identified as Christian. The average caregiving duration ranges from 1 to 13 years. Key findings reveal distinct experiences of social isolation and loneliness, aggravated by a lack of understanding from family members, with ICT playing a significant role in reducing social isolation, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, religion emerged as a vital coping mechanism, alleviating social isolation and loneliness through online activities. The study highlights disparities in social isolation and emphasizes the potential of technology in addressing these challenges among Mexican American family caregivers of ADRD patients. Recognizing their unique obstacles and leveraging technology can inform interventions to enhance well-being and support. Future research should prioritize culturally sensitive ICT interventions to improve the quality of life for both caregivers and patients.

BackgroundFew studies have examined online experience by young people who die by suicide.MethodsA 3-year UK-wide consecutive case series of all young people aged 10–19 who died by suicide, based on national mortality data. We extracted information on the antecedents of suicide of 544 of these 595 deaths (91%) from official investigations, mainly inquests.ResultsSuicide-related online experience was reported in 24% (n = 128/544) of suicide deaths in young people between 2014 and 2016, equivalent to 43 deaths per year, and was more common in girls than boys (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.23–2.85, p = 0.003) and those identifying as LGBT (OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.10–5.05, p = 0.028). Searching for information about method was most common (n = 68, 13%), followed by posting suicidal ideas online (n = 57, 10%). Self-harm, bereavement (especially by suicide), social isolation, and mental and physical ill-health were more likely in those known to have suicide-related online experience compared to those who did not. 29 (5%) were bullied online, more often girls (OR 2.84, 1.34–6.04, p = 0.007). Online bullying often accompanied face-to-face bullying (n = 16/29, 67%).ConclusionsSuicide-related online experience is a common, but likely underestimated, antecedent to suicide in young people. Although its causal role is unclear, it may influence suicidality in this population. Mental health professionals should be aware that suicide-related online experience – not limited to social media – is a potential risk for young patients, and may be linked to experiences offline. For public health, wider action is required on internet regulation and support for children and their families.

Stalking is a growing social and psychological issue, which involves the constant and unwanted behavior of certain people with a tendency to result into fear, stress, and significant psychological damage. The current research studies stalking with a social-psychological perspective and the focus is made on the negative outcomes that are imposed by victims. The conceptualization of criminal harassment is a deviant behavior that is regulated to adhere to existing social norms, power structure, and individual psychological characteristics of the person. This study used a quantitative research design to explain the relationship between stalking and its psychological implications. The data collection involved the usage of a structured questionnaire that included a Likert-type scale that was aimed at registering both an individual experience of stalking and the aftermath of such experience in terms of its impact on the mental health and the social functioning of victims. The Statistical Package of the Social Sciences ( SPSS) was used to carry out the statistical analysis using both the descriptive and inferential methods to reveal the patterns and relationships. The results indicated that stalking has a huge negative effect on the psychological health of the victims, which includes anxiety, fear, psychological distress, sleep disturbance, and social isolation. The paper also highlights the importance of social-psychological factors e.g. the societal acceptance of bullying and decline in informal social control in perpetuating the acts of bullying. These findings shed light on the necessity to consider stalking as a serious psychosocial and mental health problem that has implications in the support of the victim, community education, and preventive measures. Pearson correlation, as a form of inferential analyses, was applied in order to test the association between stalking and psychological impacts that were experienced by victims.

This study examines the forms of social stigma faced by pool players in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, as well as the interpersonal communication strategies they use to overcome it. Despite being recognized as an official sport, billiards is often viewed negatively by society and academics due to its association with nightlife and deviant behavior. As a result, pool players often face negative labels, stereotypes, and social and academic discrimination. This study uses a qualitative phenomenological approach with data collection techniques including in-depth interviews, participant observations, and documentation. The study participants were selected based on the criteria of active participation in the sport of billiards and experience in dealing with stigma. The results of the study showed that pool students experienced psychological stress, such as shyness, low self-esteem, and social isolation. However, they are not passive; They use a variety of interpersonal communication strategies as a form of social rejection, including reinforcing self-concept, adjusting interpersonal perceptions, developing positive interpersonal attractions, and maintaining supportive interpersonal relationships. This research supports Goffman's theory of social stigma and Jalaluddin Rakhmat's concept of interpersonal communication. This research makes a significant contribution to our understanding of how communication can be used to maintain personal identity and improve social acceptance in the context of cultural marginalization.

Data were obtainedfrom a nonclinical sample of 1,121 Mexican American and White non-Hispanic adolescent females. Three hundred and three female participants who reported being sexually assaulted were compared to 793females who reported no history of sexual assault on a number of psychosocial characteristics. Male participants were excluded due to small N. White non-Hispanic adolescent females were twice as likely to report sexual assault as Mexican American adolescentfemales. Although rates of sexual assault differed across ethnicity, ethnicity did not influence the relationship between sexual assault and psychosocial characteristics of victims. Results did indicate, however; that sexual assault victims reported more emotional distress, more social isolation and more deviant behavior than nonvictims. Likewise, sexual assault victims reported poorer school adjustment, were more likely to affiliate with deviant peers, and were more likely to come from homes in which there was parental substance use and family conflict.

Primary education is the earliest level of formal education that serves as a center for developing young brains and providing the fundamentals of education. Workplace bullying is a ubiquitous issue that affects workers all over the world, including in the education sector. Educators, staff, and students may experience the negative effects of workplace bullying. Physical aggression, verbal abuse, and social isolation are just a few examples. Bullying can occur in a variety of contexts, including face-to-face interactions, online communication, and indirect forms such as gossip and rumor spreading, and it can make it harder for educationalists to provide a supportive learning environment for their students. It can have a negative impact on educators' well-being and job satisfaction and promotes stress, anxiety, burnout, or other deviant behaviors, which eventually impede students' education. Therefore, an exploratory study is vital that investigates the antecedents and consequences of workplace bullying in primary education.

Social network characteristics as mediators in the relationship between sexual abuse and HIV risk

Traditional face‐to‐face learning and teaching methodologies are currently being replaced or combined by virtual and digital campuses. In fact, a variety of online activities are available for virtual classrooms, becoming more interactive and creative teaching strategies. Among them, H5P is a free and open source platform that allows the creation of interactive content to be embedded in virtual campuses. This paper presents a comparison between traditional online and interactive H5P activities. The case study was carried out on the Wind Energy subject, within the MSc in Renewable Energies, assessing the impact on students and teachers through different indicators. The mean score of students who participated in the traditional online activity was 7.4/10, slightly lower than that of students who participated in the interactive H5P activity, which was 8.4/10. Actually, the statistical analysis showed that the proposed interactive H5P activity did not present a significant improvement on the average grade, in comparison to the traditional online activity. In terms of the students' perception, 75% found the interactive H5P activity easy to do, and 55% felt more motivated compared to traditional online activities. Moreover, teachers pointed out that the activity positively influenced students in terms of participation and motivation. These results confirm that the digital environment is here to stay, combined with other activities to fulfill all the skills and competences to be achieved.

The digitalisation of everyday life has reshaped how young people engage in both normative and deviant behaviour. While online crime has received growing attention, little is known about how it intersects with offline offending. Based on data from the Youth Profile Survey 2022-23, which concerns lower secondary students (grades 7-9) in seven Danish municipalities, this study explores how contemporary youth crime unfolds across offline, online, and hybrid domains. By employing latent class analysis (LCA) and logistic regression analysis, four different groups of youth are identified and characterised: Non-offenders – the majority, which reports no engagement in any form of offending; Minor offenders – the second largest group, which is primarily involved in low-level offline crimes such as shoplifting and petty vandalism; Digitally destructive offenders – a smaller group,which is engaged mainly in online crimes, particularly hacking and system attacks, with limited offline offending apart from vandalism; and Risk-taking deviants – the smallest group, involved in a broadrange of online and offline crimes including fraud, scams, and violence.The findings reveal that hybrid forms of crime – where digital andphysical offending intersect -characterize the more deviant groups.These patterns challenge previous typologies and suggest that digital technologies not only enable new forms of crime but also blur the boundaries between online and offline youth behaviour. By linking risk and protective factors such as loneliness, online activity, substance use, sports participation, and part-time work, the study underscores the need to adapt crime prevention strategies to the hybrid realities of contemporary youth. Youth Crime Online and Offline: A Study of Behavioral Types and Risk Factors among Danish Adolescents.

Reports of folie à famille are rare; this may be the first reported case involving a Vietnam veteran. Expression of his paranoid schizophrenia involved delusions and hallucinations relating to Vietnam, and his wife and children shared his paranoia. Typical of folie à famille were the dominant family member, the threat of violence, and the family's social isolation, frequent crises, and stable membership. Although the veteran's intrusive recollections of his Vietnam experience were typical of posttraumatic stress disorder, he acted on rather than avoided them. Treatment focused on the entire family, partly to minimize future problems in the children.

Cults examines the history and current status of cults across the United States, Europe, and East Asia. Focusing on the principal controversial religions and movements that have attracted major media attention, the book also includes profiles of hundreds of minority religions, from Jesus People and Rastafarians to voodoo practitioners and the human-cloning Raelians. All the issues central to the practice and the fear of cults are examined - apocalypticism, deprogramming, social isolation, cults and the media, the use and threat of violence, child custody, libel, tax evasion, solicitation, and the techniques of persuasion and conviction - as are the many charismatic cult leaders. Cults presents a comprehensive and authoritative reference, offering a balanced view of the controversy surrounding these new religious movements, assessing the movements themselves as well as the legal and governmental responses to them, including attempts to quantify membership.