ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ

Energy, environmental, and economic efficiency in fossil fuel exporting countries: A modified data envelopment analysis approach

The purpose of the paper is to develop factor model of renewable natural resources management, specifying the assessment of the amount of resource, including the natural factor, consumption level and intensity of reproduction.Methodology.The survey is based on highlighting factors influencing the reproductive capacity of natural environment.It allows, on the base of taking into consideration reproductive abilities of resources and intensity of consumption, to substantiate three models for their use, including: heavy exploitation of renewable natural resources as the most commonly used model at the current level of development of society; model of reproductive use of natural resources, stipulating for the interference from the side of authorities and management, and the model of simple reproduction of renewable natural resources, at which the resource itself and the amount of its reproduction for the next period remain constant.Practical implications.The need is substantiated in implementation of the new model for determination of the processes of managing balanced use of natural resources, which will stipulate processes of reproduction in the sphere of natural management, form new approaches to environmental protection and promote the optimal ratio between the consumption and reproduction of natural resources.At this, the processes of natural reproduction are influenced by the amount of resource itself, intensity of its reproduction and level of consumption.The main objective of the managing bodies in the sphere of the use of renewable natural resources should be securing optimal ratio between consumption and reproduction of such natural resources.The efficiency of the implementation process and reproduction of natural resources presupposes providing their simple and extended reproduction, economic effectiveness and sustainability in allocation and use of such resources.This will have positive effect on ecological and economic security of the country as a whole and enhance implementation of basic provisions of the concept of balanced and sustainable nature management.Value/originality.Solving the problem of renewable natural resources preservation requires decreasing the level of consumption of natural resources to the level lower than their recovering capabilities are.Determination of the processes for securing reproductive capabilities of natural resources, their sustainable use and preservation substantiate the importance of the use of managerial approaches aiming to form favorable environment for their preservation and accumulation, and such way of using natural goods, that will provide for increase in consumption levels due to both advance growth of goods and their reproductive capabilities.The more the deviation between reproduction and consumption is, the more effective accumulation and reproduction processes will be, as well as consumption process in future.

The improvement of energy consumption efficiency represents a significant task and a critical step toward sustainable energy transformations. This study uses a data envelopment analysis (DEA) and spatial autocorrelation method to conduct comprehensive measurement and assessment research on the economic-environmental efficiency of energy consumption in 31 Chinese provinces. It then carries out a synthetic study on energy consumption efficiency in the context of temporal and spatial dimensions, analyzes the characteristics and patterns related to temporal and spatial evolution, and systematically summarizes the temporal and spatial evolution processes associated with China’s economic-environmental efficiency in energy consumption. The results show that economic efficiency and environmental efficiency, both directly related to energy consumption, are positively correlated and display a parallel and synchronizing relationship. China’s energy consumption efficiency displays an upward trend in general, although differences exist between economic efficiency and environmental efficiency about the growth rate and overall development level. In other words, economic efficiency is generally higher than environmental efficiency. A positive spatial correlation occurs between economic and environmental efficiency in energy consumption across all the Chinese provinces studied. Furthermore, some cluster characteristic can be identified. Accurately, the eastern coastal area of China with a higher efficiency represents a spatial cluster of high values, whereas the midwestern inland area of China with a lower efficiency represents a spatial cluster of low values. Therefore, a descending pattern is displayed from the east to the west. As time goes by, the extent of clustering could become more prominent, accompanied by an increasing spatial cluster of high values and a decreasing spatial cluster of low values. Accordingly, China needs to improve its energy consumption efficiency further and promote sustainable energy transformations.

Economic and environmental efficiency of UK and Ireland water companies: Influence of exogenous factors and rurality

Resource Use Efficiency of U.S. Electricity Generating Plants During the SO2 Trading Regime: A Distance Function Approach

The most vital problem at the current stage of economic development is the growth of economic and environmental crises. This calls for the search of new priorities in sustainable development, the most important of which is the need for deep ecologicalization of the economy. The need to find new ways and approaches that suit today conditions and minimize the negative impact on the environment is becoming more and more obvious. Development of environmentally and economically efficient production is now in the mainstream in the developed countries worldwide. The essence of environmental management is defined in the paper, its role in the economic system of the enterprise is justified, elements and tools of the environmental management mechanism are described. The author maintains that formation of instruments for the environmental management of an industrial enterprise should be preceded by a cost-benefit analysis. The conditions under which introduction of environmental management at the enterprise will enhance efficiency have been determined. The scheme of delegating responsibilities in the sphere of environmental management at an industrial enterprise is proposed. Thus, it is demonstrated that environmental management, being a certain type of management, is fundamentally oriented towards formation and development of environmentally-friendly production, advancement of ecological culture and human life and activities. Formation of this type of management at industrial enterprises means launching the process of introducing technological systems, management and other solutions that result in efficient use of natural resources while preserving the quality of the environment.

Natural resource consumption and industrial green transformation: Does the digital economy matter?

The agricultural sector and its main component sector, agriculture, are of strategic importance in the development of the entire economy of the country, in general, and the region, in particular, as well as in solving the problems of material and social security. At the same time, agriculture is the basis of food security and socio-economic well-being of the country and the region, in particular. Agriculture is associated with the use of the natural resource potential of the country and the region in the production process and agricultural nature management. The paper analyzes the current state of the agrarian sector of the economy of Russia and Crimea, along with the main indicators of agricultural development carried out. Moreover, the author focuses on significant dynamics of agricultural production and the use of natural resources (land) in the agricultural nature management of the Republic of Crimea. In the article, the author’s approach to assessing the natural resource potential (specifically of the land resources involved in agricultural circulation, fixed and circulating assets, human capital) is shown. Namely, the article uses a methodological approach to calculate the environmental intensity of the economy of the country and regions, land intensity and land productivity in agricultural production as components of the potential for sustainable environmental and economic development. The presents a tree of strategic goals for assessing the natural resource potential and environmental and economic efficiency to ensure the sustainable development of agricultural nature management. An analysis of the components of this goal tree is carried out. The author proposes a formula for calculating the environmental and economic efficiency (EEE) of sustainable development of agricultural nature management, which complements and enriches the methodological foundations of its definition, as set forth by the authors in the economic literature. The proposed formula will help expand understanding of the calculation formula, in terms of total capital (TC), cost reflection of human capital, gross value added (GVA) growth, taking into account the impact of agricultural nature management on the state of natural resources (land and water) and the environment.

The main features of "green" technologies are conservation and enhancement, efficient use of natural resources. Reducing environmental pollution, preserving ecosystems and biodiversity, increasing incomes and employment of the population. it should be noted that the promotion of "green" technologies will ensure the sustainability of the regions, including at the expense of their own economic efficiency. All these factors have a positive impact on the ecological situation of the region. Green technologies were born on the basis of objective prerequisites: as a result of human activity, there was a sharp deterioration in the state of the environment, megacities and industrial zones. In the twentieth century, all spheres of human activity developed at a rapid pace. But with the evolution of modern society, the conflict has escalated between the desire of a person to live with all the possibilities of the city, and the desire of a person-a living being-to be in harmony with nature. Kazakhstan has accumulated good experience in the use of "green" technologies and obtained the first economic results. With their development, the following new concepts have entered our life: "green" investments", green "construction", green "energy, organic agriculture, etc. The widespread introduction of "green" technologies will allow Kazakhstan to enter a new path and ensure balance, as well as ensure the sustainable development of the economy of the regions. This is understandable, because the effective use of the resource can only be ensured by the wider introduction of "green" technologies.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the environmental efficiency of municipalities located in the Araguaia River Valley, in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil, focusing on the relationship between economic development and sustainability, aiming to identify practices that promote the conservation of biodiversity and the reduction of environmental impacts. Theoretical Framework: The text addresses concepts of sustainable development and sustainability, highlighting important distinctions between them. It highlights the relevance of urban planning, in association with the Sustainable Development Goals, as a tool for including environmental factors in promoting environmental quality and the well-being of communities. In this sense, the rational use of natural resources appears to be a preponderant and essential factor in ensuring sustainability and promoting balanced development. Method: This is a qualitative and quantitative approach. The data were obtained through the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics website for the Gross Domestic Product variable and on the Terrabrasilis website for the deforestation variable, involving 25 municipalities in Mato Grosso, in the Araguaia river basin. Based on the data, the R software was used to process the information, using a mathematical model based on Data Envelopment Analysis. Results and Discussion: The results showed a low level of environmental efficiency in the VRS model, with average values of 0.25762 (2017), 0.21655 (2018), 0.36978 (2019), 0.214396 (2020) and 0.28803 (2021). A minority of municipalities were highlighted in environmental efficiency, indicating that they are located on the DEA production frontier, pointing to a balance between environmental protection and economic growth. The success of the municipalities that stood out demonstrates the importance of planning, social mobilization and commitment, it is possible to reverse or minimize the scenario of environmental degradation. Research Implications: The study points to the need for public policies aimed at improving the environmental efficiencies of municipalities that showed lower performance, especially minimizing deforestation. Originality/Value: The originality of the study focuses on the importance of studies aimed at measuring environmental efficiency in the municipalities that make up the cerrado, highlighting the importance of preserving and conserving this biome.

Climate change and environmental degradation are an existential threat to the EU and to the world. To counter these challenges, the European Green Pact has been launched, the new strategy for Europe's economic growth, which will transform the EU into a modern, competitive and resource-efficient economy. The objective of decoupling economic growth from the consumption of natural resources is an important step in continuing efforts to promote eco-efficient economies, with an increased emphasis on the efficient use of natural resources. In this sense, the proposed approach of circular economy aims to reduce the consumption of primary sources in the production process by reusing products, respectively by expanding the share of reused and recycled materials. The main means of achieving this is through increasing the efficiency and productivity of resource use and reducing the quantity of material disposed of. However, to be truly efficient, the circular economy needs industries and businesses to work on new business models that try to "do much with less"; to rethink services and products provided; and to find opportunities to extend the life of products, by improving the ecological design and by selecting materials.

The formation and development of legal regulation of the use of natural resources in economic activity is analyzed. It is established that certain aspects of the legal regulation of the use of some natural resources can be found in Ruska Pravda, which was carried out mainly for tax purposes. The development of legislation on the use of natural resources in the Middle Ages and during the stay of Ukraine as part of the Russian Empire is analyzed. It is established that the use of natural resources on Ukrainian lands during their stay in the Polish-Lithuanian principality was regulated mainly by customary law. Agrarian reform was carried out as a result of the adoption of the act “Ustav na Voloky” (1557). In addition, in 1567 the Forest Charter was adopted, which was one of the first acts in Europe in the field of forest protection and use. It is substantiated that until the twentieth century there was a rather fragmentary regulation of the protection and preservation of natural resources, mainly with a view to protecting the ownership of certain natural objects, especially land. The regulation of the use of natural resources in economic activity in the Soviet period and after the declaration of independence is studied. Among the first acts adopted after the revolution was the “Decree on Land” of November 8, 1917, according to which the land became state property. However, only since the 60 of the last century special laws have been adopted aimed at legal protection of nature. Normative-legal acts of independent Ukraine from the standpoint of regulating the use of natural resources in eco- no mic activity are systematized into three groups: normative acts regulating economic activity in general and certain aspects of natural resources protection; regulations that mainly regulate the protection of natural resources in general and estab lish certain principles of their use in economic activities; regulations governing the protection and use of certain types of natural resources, including in economic activities. In addition, the periodization of the historical development of legislative regulation of the use of natural resources in economic activity is suggested.

Transverse and longitudinal analysis of the environmental efficiency of Chinese industries

Improving the ecohydrological and economic efficiency of Small Hydropower Plants with water diversion

Purpose is to determine directions for improving the implementation of control and supervisory administrative procedures in the field of use and protection of natural resources. Methods – analysis, synthesis, comparative law, sociological. Results. It is established that setting effective limits on the use of natural resources should be one of the effective administrative and legal means of public administration; in case of their excess to economic entities, administrative and economic sanctions are applied, in particular, such as termination of activity of the enterprise. It is emphasized that the limitation of the use of natural resources is carried out with the aim of forming special environmental funds, as well as in order to stimulate the introduction of new technologies by economic entities that contribute to the reduction of pollution of natural resources (atmospheric air, water resources, soils). Based on the conducted research, the feasibility of optimization in Ukraine of the use of the limitation mechanism in the field of natural resources is substantiated, accompanied by a number of administrative problems, the solution of which is an absolute guarantee of improving the efficiency of human rights protection for a safe environment. Searching for ways to optimize public administration was done by developing and conducting a poll. In order to determine public opinion on the effectiveness of public management in the use of natural resources, as well as to develop optimal ways of optimizing this activity, we conducted a sociological survey (sample size is 321 persons). The poll was attended by citizens of Dnipropetrovsk, Zaporizhia and Kharkiv regions of Ukraine, that is, regions where a threatening ecological situation has developed and where the most environmentally-friendly enterprises are located. The subject of the study is defined as finding out the attitude of the population to the problem of efficiency of public management in the sphere of the use of natural resources and finding ways of its optimization. Conclusions. The results of the sociological survey confirmed the hypothesis that the majority of respondents determine the low efficiency of public participation in management decisions in the field of natural resources; in fact, its effectiveness, according to the population, is minimal. This is a confirmation of the existing existing practice of neglect on the part of public authorities and local self-government by the opinion of the population in adopting normative legal acts and actual leveling of the public opinion in the adoption of acts of public management of individual action. It is substantiated that one of the ways to increase the efficiency of the use of such administrative and legal means of public administration, as limiting pollution of natural resources, is to establish impossibility of prolonging the permit for pollution in case of non-implementation of measures for introduction of the latest technologies aimed at reducing the negative impact on the environment. In addition, it is advisable to introduce additional financing measures for economic entities in the case of the introduction of new treatment plants that reduce the negative impact on natural resources.