Методичні засади контент-аналізу сайтів

Like quantitative content analysis, qualitative content analysis is an empirical method of social sciences for analyzing live or recorded human communication such as → Newspaper articles, protocols of → television news or programs, transcripts of → interviews, or protocols from → observations (→ Content Analysis, Quantitative). This written or transcribed material is called text material in this context (→ Text and Intertextuality). From a general perspective, there are two main differences between quantitative and qualitative content analysis. First, quantitative content analysis works deductively and measures quantitatively. In this respect, quantitative content analysis decomposes the text material into different parts and assigns numeric codes to these elements or parts. Of course, such parts are not just words, but are rather issues, statements, arguments, or bundles of → meaning. By contrast, however, qualitative content analysis works inductively by summarizing and classifying elements or parts of the text material and assigning labels or categories to them. In this respect, qualitative content analysis searches rather for “coherent” meaning structures in the text material.

This chapter discusses the principles of textual analysis as a means of gathering information and evidence in political research. Textual analysis has generated strong interest as a research method not only in Politics and International Relations, but also throughout the social sciences. In political research, two forms of textual analysis have become particularly prominent: discourse analysis and content analysis. The chapter examines discourse analysis and content analysis and explains the use of documents, archival sources, and historical writing as data. It considers the distinction between discourse analysis and content analysis, as well as the differences between qualitative and quantitative content analysis. It also describes the procedures that are involved in both quantitative and qualitative content analysis.

The article deals with the urgent problem of possibilities of using information and communication technologies during epidemics, and their role in the organization of the educational process in Ukraine under quarantine conditions. The analysis of publications on the role of information and communication technologies in epidemics has been carried out by searching on the Internet platforms that comprise abstract databases of scientific journal publications and patents. It is found out that for the most existing works are concerned with the closure of institutions during infectious disease outbreaks, the analysis of the importance of information and communication technologies in epidemics, the role of social media during pandemics, the role of mobile technologies in supporting the continuity of education during temporary closures of schools caused by different crises, experiences of the use of online or other communication technology for the temporary distance learning provision. The analysis of the publications revealed that most of the scientific papers found have been devoted to the problem of preventing the spread of the epidemic rather than organizing the educational process at the educational institution. The carried out research has comprised a quantitative and qualitative (content) analysis of Internet search results in various information resources and Internet services. The qualitative content analysis has been applied to clarify the essence of information and communication technology concepts of and to define the value of information and communication technologies for the organization of the educational process under quarantine conditions. The quantitative content analysis has been used to identify the frequency of words or phrases contained in the texts of scientific articles, web pages, social media posts outlined by the research topic. The analysis of articles in search systems for scientific publications and patents, the analysis of official information resources of different countries, the electronic search in the most popular search engines, the analysis of messages on the most popular social networks, the analysis of lists of educational topics, search in the shops of mobile applications have been carried out in the research. The descriptive analysis, classification, grouping, and graphical methods have been used to systematize, summarize, and present the results of the research. It is concluded that, at present, informing the population and educational institutions on the organization of the educational process under the conditions of pandemics and quarantine is not of sufficiently high quality and opportune. The situation with the dissemination of information and the support of educators in such an emergency as a pandemic needs further study, it is advisable to direct the actions and reactions of educators during this period in particular scientific analysis.

Актуальность темы междисциплинарного осмысления символических паттернов будущего молодежью России определяется потребностью в самовыражении собственного восприятия будущего у молодого поколения через социальные коммуникации и отсутствием социально-философских работ, посвященных анализу взаимодействий между элементами познавательных аспектов и представлений о будущем в конкретных символах. Цель работы: определить символические реалии современной российской молодежи, репрезентативным свойством отражения которых на данный момент являются молодежные СМИ. Методы анализа: контент-анализ (качественный и количественный) молодежных СМИ развлекательного характера вместе с методологией социального конструктивизма для установления релятивных символических паттернов образов будущего в представлении молодого поколения. Результаты. Было установлено, что процесс конструирования концепта «образ будущего» происходит на субъективном уровне, а символ как фрагмент мышления находит отражение в современных молодежных СМИ, в рамках которых процессы знаковой динамики рефлексируют и задают правила конструирования действительности. Также исследование позволило описать триггерные точки (оптимистическая оценка личного и общего будущего России) в субъективном символизме, где главной конструирующей силой является непосредственный субъект (интервьюируемый студент) в контексте различных компонентов. При анализе молодежных изданий было выявлено, что взаимодействие субъективного представления молодежи об образах будущего, коррелирующего с усиливающейся ролью социальных медиа, отражает положительную динамику представлений относительно будущего России в студенческом сообществе, но при этом показывает низкую вовлеченность молодого поколения страны в коллективные цели, в выстраивание идеи общего российского будущего в паттернах положительной направленности. Отмечается, что маркер «Карьера» отображается в качестве основной триггерной точки, которая является ключевым показателем собственного будущего для молодого поколения.

Patients with diabetes may experience different needs according to their diabetes stage. These needs may be met via online health communities in which individuals seek health-related information and exchange different types of social support. Understanding the social support categories that may be more important for different diabetes stages may help diabetes online communities (DOCs) provide more tailored support to web-based users. This study aimed to explore and quantify the categorical patterns of social support observed in a DOC, taking into consideration users' different diabetes stages, including prediabetes, type 2 diabetes (T2D), T2D with insulin treatment, and T2D remission. Data were collected from one of the largest DOCs in Europe: Diabetes.co.uk. Drawing on a mixed methods content analysis, a qualitative content analysis was conducted to explore what social support categories could be identified in users' posts. A total of 1841 posts were coded by 5 human annotators according to a modified version of the Social Support Behavior Code, including 7 different social support categories: achievement, congratulations, network support, seeking emotional support, seeking informational support, providing emotional support, and providing informational support. Subsequently, quantitative content analysis was conducted using chi-square post hoc analysis to compare the most prominent social support categories across different stages of diabetes. Seeking informational support (605/1841, 32.86%) and providing informational support (597/1841, 32.42%) were the most frequent categories exchanged among users. The overall distribution of social support categories was significantly different across the diabetes stages (χ218=287.2; P<.001). Users with prediabetes sought more informational support than those in other stages (P<.001), whereas there were no significant differences in categories posted by users with T2D (P>.001). Users with T2D under insulin treatment provided more informational and emotional support (P<.001), and users with T2D in remission exchanged more achievement (P<.001) and network support (P<.001) than those in other stages. This is the first study to highlight what, how, and when different types of social support may be beneficial at different stages of diabetes. Multiple stakeholders may benefit from these findings that may provide novel insights into how these categories can be strategically used and leveraged to support diabetes management.

In recent years, an increasing number of natural and man-made disasters has demonstrated that a working relief supply chain management (RSCM) is crucial in order to alleviate the suffering of the affected population. Coordination, cooperation and collaboration within RSCM is essential for overcoming these destructive incidents. This paper explores the research undertaken in recent years, focusing on coordination, cooperation and collaboration in the field of supply chain management (SCM) and RSCM in order to provide unique definitions of these concepts taking the disaster setting into consideration. A systematic literature review including 202 academic papers published from 1996 onwards in top journals dealing with commercial supply and relief supply chain coordination, cooperation and collaboration is applied. In order to answer the underlying research questions in a proper way, a descriptive analysis and qualitative and quantitative content analysis of the papers are conducted. Descriptive results indicate that RSCM coordination, cooperation and collaboration have increasingly shifted into the focus of scientific research since 2001/2004 (i.e., 9/11 and the Indian Ocean Tsunami). Based on the qualitative content analysis, clear definitions of the terms coordination, cooperation and collaboration in SCM and RSCM were elaborated. The research landscape, as a result of the quantitative content analysis, allowed the identification of three issues that need to be addressed in future research work.

A baseline summary of framing research in public relations from 1990 to 2009

Climate change can cause an increase in the earth’s surface temperature and atmospheric CO2. This has an impact on the tourism area based on local agricultural wisdom. The research aims to analyze the level of tourism vulnerability management and formulate tourism vulnerability management strategies to support local wisdom preservation in current farming practices. The method used is mapping, field observations, and interviews with two approaches, namely quantitative content analysis and qualitative content analysis. The results showed that the farming community was only profit-oriented without paying attention to balancing and preserving the natural environment. Most farmers want all agricultural processes to be done instantly or quickly, with higher yields. However, they leave local wisdom values and socio-cultural contexts in managing the rice field environment. One of the components of local wisdom that can still be maintained is the cropping pattern primarily found in the highlands that can still be found. To manage the vulnerability of tourism to support the preservation of local wisdom in current agricultural practices.

- The present study explores the extent of conceptual resemblance between traditional and contemporary murabahah contracts. In order to assess the discrepancies, qualitative and quantitative content analyses are applied as research methodology. In particular, discrepancies of the conceptual basis of the two contracts are evaluated by content analysis through graphical presentation. The results of this study affirm that the critique raised against contemporary contracts is indeed justified. The comparative analysis of the conceptual differences between traditional and contemporary murabahah contracts leads to the conclusion that the contemporary murabahah contract is in inverse relation to the traditional murabahah contract.

BackgroundAlthough not widely known to the general public, right-to-die organisations have been active in Germany since the 1980s, similar to Switzerland. Notably, there is often a lack of focus on the volunteer members of these organisations, despite their unique perspectives on the matter. Our study aims to thoroughly investigate the experiences of members in German right-to-die organisations and thereby make a significant contribution to the ongoing debate.MethodsThis project was implemented through qualitative interviews conducted with active volunteer members of German right-to-die organisations, followed by a qualitative structured content analysis based on Mayring’s approach. Using a coding evaluation method, relevant aspects were extracted from the data and on one hand assigned to predetermined categories, while one the other hand, new categories emerged organically from the material.ResultsAfter conducting 13 interviews, it became clear that, while some participants were deeply impacted by the dramatic nature of the illness-related circumstances surrounding certain assisted suicides, the majority do not find the work burdensome. Instead, they view it as highly fulfilling and rewarding. In particular, interacting with the relatives of those seeking assistance and with the individuals themselves is seen as especially enriching. Furthermore, participants frequently encounter significant ignorance from large segments of the medical community and law enforcement regarding current regulations, which can lead to complications during assisted suicides. Additionally, collaboration with care facilities and senior residences presents a considerable challenge for many members, often due to religious objections.ConclusionOur study of volunteer members of right-to-die organisations is, as far as we know, the first one with active volunteers of German right-to-die organisations. The interviews thus provide new and important insights into a lived practice that has been little studied. These insights must be incorporated into the current debate on the responsible establishment of the practice of assisted suicide.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12910-025-01263-9.

IntroductionPregnant nurses often adopt a “prioritizing the fetus” mindset, balancing their professional duties with health concerns. They must adjust to manage, learn, and adapt to new circumstances. This study explores pregnant nurses’ adjustment strategies to continue providing nursing care.Materials and methodsThis was a qualitative conventional content analysis. Eighteen participants, including 14 pregnant nurses and four nursing managers (two head nurses and two supervisors), were involved in the study. To achieve rich and adequate data, the aim was to achieve maximum variation in terms of age, educational level, departments, and different stages of pregnancy. Data collection tools included in-depth, semi-structured interviews, observations, and field notes based on the central research question. Data analysis was conducted using the Graneheim and Lundman method. MAXQDA version 2020 software was utilized for data management.ResultsAfter analyzing the collected data, five categories emerged: “Strategic Concealment,” “Enhancing patience and tolerance,” “Attention to internal drivers and emotions,” “Efforts to maintain and promote health,” and “Efforts to improve professional performance”.ConclusionIn providing nursing care during pregnancy, nurses adopt various strategies to adjust and align their caregiving with their pregnancy status. Achieving these strategies requires adequate support from nursing managers, especially head nurses, who are the closest and most influential figures. Therefore, educating nurses and managers on effective adjustment strategies can be crucial in facilitating the adjustment process. Policy-making and the formulation of adjusted regulations for the employment of pregnant nurses can help alleviate the stress associated with the challenges of the nursing profession. These measures contribute to maintaining nurses’ physical and mental health during pregnancy and enhancing the quality of patient care.Clinical trial numberNot applicable.

PurposeThrough the lens of self-directed theory, the purpose of this paper is to investigate if social technologies such as YouTube will be viable to disseminate educational instructions and in the process empowering learners to take charge of their learning.Design/methodology/approachA total of 150 educational videos on YouTube were selected and 29,386 comments extracted using the authors’ customized extraction software application. Sentiment and qualitative content analyses were performed.FindingsResults indicate that YouTube can play important roles in facilitating online self-directed learning (SDL) as the findings uncovered a variety of learning and social affordances of YouTube. However, caution should be exercised as high views and well-commented videos might not imply quality and credibility. This study concludes that YouTube generally provides a conducive a learning environment that affords learners the resources to meet their SDL objectives.Research limitations/implicationsTo the best of knowledge, this is the first study that investigates SDL in social media by combining both qualitative content and sentiment analyses. The study shows that such a hybrid approach of combining two diverse analytical techniques provides an innovative means to make sense of comments expressed in social media.Practical implicationsThe results will help educational institutions and policy-makers to craft better programs for public education and create policies to help self-directed learners in evaluating online video resources.Originality/valueDespite a wealth of literature on the use of technologies to support learning, the majority of work done to date has dealt in the classroom context. Studies on SDL using educational content on YouTube are limited. Hence, this research contributes by providing insights on how educational institutions can move toward the direction of building collaborative digital learning platforms with relevant educational instruction and resources to enable users to participate in lifelong self-learning and education.

This chapter explores the parameters of and a systematic approach for conducting a qualitative content analysis (CA). Qualitative content analysis can be divided into three distinct approaches: conventional, directive, and summative. A conventional approach to qualitative content analysis is used to describe a communication event. The approach is inductive since no pre-set codes, standards, or expectations are imposed on the data. A directive qualitative content analysis draws on existing theory and research to help guide the coding process, but existing theory or research is seen as insufficient for a complete understanding of the data. A summative qualitative CA starts in a similar fashion to a quantitative CA. A thematic analysis is a straightforward way to analyze qualitative data, particularly data related to interpersonal and relational issues. Owen outlines a three-step process one can take when analyzing transcripts of qualitative data: recurrence, repetition, and forcefulness.

The Israel-Palestine conflict is a complex geopolitical struggle which captivated media attention worldwide. On 7th October 2023, Hamas militants initiated a momentous attack on Israel from the Gaza Strip, resulting in the tragic loss of over 1,400 lives and the capture of more than 200 individuals. In response to these hostilities, Israel has launched counterattacks on Gaza, which brought the unfortunate losses of more than 10,000 people. The news coverage of this conflict revealed the multifaceted dimensions of the struggle between the two countries, stemming from historical, geographical, and political disparities. The media’s portrayal of the conflict significantly influences public perception and policy decisions. This study analyses how The Star Online, a prominent Malaysian news outlet, frames the Israel-Palestine conflict. Using a mixed-methods approach, this study employs both quantitative and qualitative content analyses. Keyword searches, including “Israel-Palestine conflict” and “Gaza War”, were conducted to gather relevant news articles from 7th October 2023, to 7th January 2024. The aim is to identify prevailing topics and sources that subsequently help reveal the media treatment frameworks in this event. Examining these frameworks sheds light on how media representations shape the audience’s understanding of the conflict and its implications for regional stability. Both thematic and episodic frames are found in the findings where the thematic frames appear dominant. Solving the conflict is assigned as a societal responsibility. The frames proposed solutions and consequences of the conflict despite the conflict’s root causes are not discussed.

The aim of the present study was to know about the depiction of source, target and international target cultures in two English textbooks used at Secondary School Certificate (SSC) level in the government schools of Balochistan, Pakistan. The study was delimited only to reading passages of the prescribed textbooks. The study was descriptive and exploratory in nature and the specific method employed was content analysis. The study was a blend of quantitative and qualitative content analysis. In this connection, all the reading passages of the textbooks were firstly classified into cultural specific and neutral texts; secondly, cultural specific texts were categorized by adapting the frameworks of Cortazzi and Jin (2013); source culture, target culture, international target culture, Oliver (1942), and Chapelle (2009). The percentage of each category was calculated and then the cultural elements of each category were also discussed with the help of a devised checklist. The results of the study show that the percentage of neutral passages in the textbooks used in Balochistan is 65.38% whereas the percentage of passages having cultural contents is 34.61%. As for passages having cultural contents, the numbers of Mentions related to source culture(s) are 149(91.41%) whereas the numbers of Depiction are 57 (89.06%). As regards target culture(s), there are only 2(1.22%) instances of Mention and 4(6.25%) instances of Depiction. As for international target culture(s), the textbooks contain 12(7.36%) instances of Mention and only 3(4.68%) instances of Depiction. Overall, the study reveals that the textbooks do not provide sufficient cultural load as two third of the passages are neutral in nature. Moreover, the cultural elements in the textbooks are predominantly about source culture(s) and there is a dearth of cultural elements pertaining to target and international target cultures. Therefore, it is suggested that the textbooks should be improved by incorporating adequate amount of cultural elements across all the cultures for developing intercultural communicative competence in the learners. Keywords: source, target, international, culture, English, textbooks.