기능성 화장품의 특허청구범위 기재

Alopecia is a psychologically devastating complication of chemotherapy for which there is currently no effective therapy. PTH-CBD is a collagen-targeted parathyroid hormone analog that has shown promise as a therapy for alopecia disorders. This study compared the efficacy of prophylactic versus therapeutic administration of PTH-CBD in chemotherapy-induced alopecia using a mouse model that mimics the cyclic chemotherapy dosing used clinically. C57BL/6J mice were treated with a single subcutaneous injection of PTH-CBD (320 mcg/kg) or vehicle control before or after hair loss developing from three courses of cyclophosphamide chemotherapy (50-150 mg/kg/week). Mice receiving chemotherapy alone developed hair loss and depigmentation over 6-12 months. Mice pretreated with PTH-CBD did not develop these changes and maintained a normal-appearing coat. Mice treated with PTH-CBD after development of hair loss showed a partial recovery. Observations of hair loss were confirmed quantitatively by gray scale analysis. Histological examination showed that in mice receiving chemotherapy alone, there were small, dystrophic hair follicles mostly in the catagen phase. Mice receiving PTH-CBD before chemotherapy showed a mix of normal-appearing telogen and anagen hair follicles with no evidence of dystrophy. Mice receiving PTH-CBD therapy after chemotherapy showed intermediate histological features. PTH-CBD was effective in both the prevention and the treatment of chemotherapy-induced alopecia in mice, but pretreatment appears to result in a better cosmetic outcome. PTH-CBD shows promise as an agent in the prevention of this complication of chemotherapy and improving the quality of life for cancer patients.

Background/Objectives: External and mental stress from hair loss degrades the quality of life and affects the interpersonal relationship and daily social life of individuals. Lately, due to an increase in hair loss population, various chemically synthesized products for hair loss prevention or treatment have been commercialized in the market. However, these products have well-known adverse effects. In order to prevent such adverse effects, this study aimed to develop a natural substance and utilize a tool that aids its transdermal delivery. This study intended to elucidate the scalp health and hair loss prevention effects of Eclipta prostrata and microneedle therapy system (MTS) use on the scalp of office workers in their 20s and 30s who have suffered from hair loss, in addition, to present a potential product for improving scalp conditions and preventing hair loss.Method/Statistical Analysis: In order to identify the effects of the MTS and the Eclipta prostrata extract on improvement of scalp condition and prevention of hair loss, this study conducted scalp treatments on 24 office workers in their 20s and 30s who have suffered from hair loss by dividing them into three groups: MTS group, Eclipta prostrata group, and MTS-Eclipta prostrata group. The scalp treatment was performed for 10 weeks with one 30-min turn per week, resulting in 10 turns in total. The same home care products including shampoo and conditioner were distributed to all participants for use during the entire period of experiment. Hair density, hair thickness, effect on scalp improvement, and hairline distance were measured using a scalp diagnostic device (Kong Scope, Korea) and a measuring tape before, 5 weeks after, and 10 weeks after the experiment. Participants were then surveyed for satisfaction level after the experiment.Findings: In the results, all three groups showed increase in hair density and thickness and a decrease in frontal hairline distance at both hairlines, 10 weeks after the experiment. Only the MTS-Eclipta prostrata group showed a statistically significant increase in hair density from 18 ea at 0 week to 19.43 at 10 weeks, hair line thickness, and frontal hairline distance changes. The Eclipta prostrata group also showed a significant increase in hair thickness. Furthermore, majority of the participants showed clean scalps with new hair growths 10 weeks after the experiment.Improvements/Applications: It was revealed that co-treatment with MTS and Eclipta prostrata extracthad more effect on hair density, hair thickness and hairline distance change. Furthermore, the satisfaction survey result after the experiment showed a positive response for hair richness and reduction in itching and sebum amount, thereby building self-confidence. Accordingly, it was proved that the use of MTS and the Eclipta prostrata extract is effective in scalp health and hair loss improvement.

*Lissevenlaan 13 5582 KB Waalre, The Netherlands; Tel.: +31 40 221 3807; wimbreed@online.nl

Second medical use patents and their claims do not only represent highly valuable inventions for both originator and generic pharmaceutical companies, but have also been a topic of debate for many years. In particular, this is due to the fact that these inventions were originally not patentable under the European Patent Convention (EPC) in 1973 and thus required a special claim formulation, known as a Swiss-type claim. The later codification of this judgemade law in the course of the revision of the EPC in the year 2000 resulted in a different claim formulation, referred to as EPC 2000 claims. Since then, the impact of these different formulations on the respective scopes of protection conferred by both claim types has been a source of controversy and as such, much discussed. More recently, with the rise of the European-wide patent litigation surrounding Warner-Lambert's patent for a substance marketed as Lyrica®, second medical use claims have also been a hot topic when it comes to infringement. The national courts, which are responsible for the enforcement of patent law in Europe, have thus been faced with the question of the scope of protection conferred by second medical use claims. Concurrently, through their decisions, the national courts also shape the scope of protection. This article's main focus is how second medical use claims and especially their scopes of protection have developed throughout the years. It will firstly provide a short background on the importance of second medical use inventions and the necessity to allow their patentability. Following this, it will outline the origin of both Swiss-type and EPC 2000 claims while focussing on the differences in their respective scope of protection. Lastly, it will analyse the recent developments in German case law on patent infringement, as well as their impact on the scope of protection of second medical use claims.

Ectodysplasin-A2 induces apoptosis in cultured human hair follicle cells and promotes regression of hair follicles in mice

The highly promising species Tridax procumbens produces secondary metabolites that are said to have a number of medical applications, such as anesthetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-anemic effects etc. Many communities have traditionally used this species in traditional ways. Tridax procumbens is a unique member of the Asteraceae family. Naturally occurring in tropical Africa, Asia, and Australia, the plant is native to tropical America. The locals name it "Ghamara," which is also known as "coat buttons" in English. Some Ayurvedic practitioners prescribe it as "Bhringraj." Alkaloids, carotenoids, flavonoids (catechin and flavones), fumeric acid, fl-sitosterol, saponins, and tannins were all found throughout the phytochemical screening. Pharmacologically, Tridax procumbens is well known for its antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antiviral, wound-healing, insecticidal, antidiabetic, hypotensive, immunomodulating, bronchial catarrh, dysentery, diarrhea, and prevention of hair loss by promoting hair growth. It also has antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antitubercular properties. This review is attempts to present phytochemical & pharmacologically use, significance of Tridax procumbens to treat, prevent the acute & chronic diseases, and also present Pharmacognostic and phytochemical investigation of Tridax procumbence plant.

The etiology of hair loss remains enigmatic, and current remedies remain inadequate. Transcriptome analysis of aging hair follicles uncovered changes in immune pathways, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Our findings demonstrate that the maintenance of hair follicle homeostasis and the regeneration capacity after damage depend on TLR2 in hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). In healthy hair follicles, TLR2 is expressed in a cycle-dependent manner and governs HFSCs activation by countering inhibitory BMP signaling. Hair follicles in aging and obesity exhibit a decrease in both TLR2 and its endogenous ligand carboxyethylpyrrole (CEP), a metabolite of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Administration of CEP stimulates hair regeneration through a TLR2-dependent mechanism. These results establish a novel connection between TLR2-mediated innate immunity and HFSC activation, which is pivotal to hair follicle health and the prevention of hair loss and provide new avenues for therapeutic intervention.

Betula platyphylla extract includes various materials which showed biological activity such as terpenoids. For this reason, Betula platyphylla extract has been used to alleviate inflammation. In this study, extract of Betula platyphylla was obtained and purified using several solvents and evaluated whether they showed effect on prevention of hair loss. Cell cytotoxicity assay was performed to investigate the effect of extracts on cell proliferation. Western blotting was performed to observe the changes in expression of several related growth factors such as -catenin, VEGF, IGF1, and cyclin D. Also, 5-reductase activity was measured. The ethyl acetate extract was divided into four partial extracts and named as H3-1, H3-2, H3-3, and H3-4. The H3-2 extract showed proliferation activity of human derma papilla cell and increased the protein expression of several related growth factors such as -catenin, VEGF, IGF1, and cyclin D, comparable to the effect of Ethyl 3,4,5-Trimethoxy Benzoate (ETB)and Lupeol (LPO). Moreover, we found that the fraction H3 was shown to decrease 5--reductase activity while ETB and LPO had no significant effect on 5--reductase activity.

The etiology of hair loss remains enigmatic, and current remedies remain inadequate. Transcriptome analysis of aging hair follicles uncovered changes in immune pathways, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Our findings demonstrate that the maintenance of hair follicle homeostasis and the regeneration capacity after damage depends on TLR2 in hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). In healthy hair follicles, TLR2 is expressed in a cycle-dependent manner and governs HFSCs activation by countering inhibitory BMP signaling. Hair follicles in aging and obesity exhibit a decrease in both TLR2 and its endogenous ligand carboxyethylpyrrole (CEP), a metabolite of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Administration of CEP stimulates hair regeneration through a TLR2-dependent mechanism. These results establish a novel connection between TLR2-mediated innate immunity and HFSC activation, which is pivotal to hair follicle health and the prevention of hair loss and provide new avenues for therapeutic intervention.Hair follicle stem cells TLR2 is required for hair homeostasis and regeneration. While TLR2 stimulation by endogenous ligand promotes hair growth, reduction in TLR2 and its ligand in aging and obesity may diminish hair growth.

Hair and scalp problems are common. Various conditions can result in hair loss and may present as increased hair shedding, hair thinning or patchy to complete hair loss. In some conditions the hair may regrow, in others the alopecia (hair loss) is permanent. Frequently overlooked is the psychological impact of hair loss on an individual. The visible nature of hair loss and fear of progression may lead to low self‐esteem, anxiety and depression. Unfortunately, there is a lot of uncertainty around the most effective treatments for these disorders. This study, funded by the charity Alopecia UK, aimed to identify uncertainties in hair loss management, prevention, diagnosis and treatment that are important both to people with hair loss and to healthcare professionals. This was done by creating a hair loss ‘priority setting partnership’ (PSP) between patients, their carers and relatives, and healthcare professionals, to identify the most important uncertainties in hair loss. This study presents the top 10 research priorities for hair loss (excluding alopecia areata) to guide researchers and funding bodies to support studies important both to patients and clinicians.

There is a lack of published data pertaining to the hair grooming practices of women of African descent in Europe. However, these data are important in facilitating culturally appropriate discussions on hair loss prevention. We sought to describe the hair grooming practices of adult women of African descent in London, UK. Analysis of pooled data collected from a questionnaire-based study exploring correlates of hair loss in women of African descent in London. A maximum of 242 subjects were included in the final data analysis. Subjects had a mean age of 41.1 years (CI: 39.3-42.9) and exhibited a diverse range of scalp hair phenotypes, although the majority (76.3%) had type 6, 7 or 8 hair. A percentage of 64.9 had more than five different hairstyles since childhood, with natural hairstyles being the most frequent current hairstyle (52.6%). The mean frequency of hair washing was 17.9 days (CI: 15.8-20.0), increasing to 32.8 days (28.6-37.0) when hair was braided or in a weave. The mean frequency of hair braiding/weaving was 63 days (CI: 56.3-69.7), whereas that for application of chemical relaxers was 88.6 days (CI: 75.6-101.6). While 59.2% of subjects avoided concurrent use of hair colours and chemical relaxers, only 46.3% avoided braiding chemically relaxed hair. The hair-care practices of women of African descent should be borne in mind when treating hair and scalp disorders in this group. Although the current trend is towards natural hairstyles, some adverse hair-care practices still persist which should be addressed through culturally appropriate public health messages on hair loss prevention.

From COVID-19 Treatment to Miracle Cure

BACKGROUND Mirikizumab (miri), an anti-interleukin (IL)-23p19 monoclonal antibody approved for ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease, demonstrated sustained efficacy and safety in patients with moderately to severely active UC in LUCENT clinical trials.1,2 However, real-world data on utilization of miri in the United States (US) are limited. METHODS This retrospective observational study used administrative claims from HealthVerity, a database that merges and deduplicates pharmacy and medical claims and enrollment information from closed claims data suppliers participating in the HealthVerity Marketplace. We described baseline demographic, clinical characteristics, and treatment history of UC patients in the US initiating miri and at 3 months follow-up. Adults diagnosed with UC who initiated miri between October 26, 2023 (post-US Food and Drug Administration approval) and July 2025 with at least 3-month follow-up available were included. The index date was defined as the date of the first medical or pharmacy claim for intravenous (IV) miri. Baseline was defined as 12 months prior to the index date (pre-index period), and outcomes were assessed 3 months after baseline. Descriptive statistics were used to report patient characteristics and outcomes. RESULTS A total of 233 patients initiating IV miri for UC were identified, of whom 142 (60.9%) had 3 months of follow-up and were included in this analysis. Patients had a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 41.8(14.6) years, 51.4% were female. Most commonly reported baseline comorbidities were anemia (26.1%), abdominal pain (20.4%), hypertension (18.3%). Baseline immunomodulator use was reported in 10 (7.0%) patients, 5-aminosalicylate use in 64 (45.1%), oral corticosteroid use in 96 (67.6%, Figure 1A). Baseline advanced UC therapy use was observed in 104 (73.2%) patients: 77 (54.2%) received one advanced therapy; 23 (16.2%) received two; and 4 (2.8%) received three or more advanced therapies. Within baseline advanced therapies, 84 (59.2%) patients used biologics, 33 (23.2%) used Janus Kinase Inhibitors (JAKi), and 4 (2.8%) used Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P) receptor modulators. The most recent baseline advanced therapy before miri was approximately equally distributed between anti-integrin, JAKi, and IL12-23 (Figure 1B). Oral corticosteroid prescriptions declined from 67.6% at baseline to 28.2% in the 3 months after initiation. CONCLUSION Most patients initiating mirikizumab were previously exposed to biologics and failed one prior advanced therapy. Even so, more than 25% of the early initiators of mirikizumab included patients with no advanced therapy at baseline. Further research will evaluate follow-up treatment patterns with mirikizumab use.

This chapter surveys the drafting of pharmaceutical patents across Australia, Canada, China, India, Japan, the United States, and Europe, explaining jurisdiction-specific practices and legal frameworks. It defines patentable subject matter, outlines permissible claim types, and prescribes requirements for pharmaceutical inventions, including Markush claims, selection patents, and method-of-treatment claims. The chapter identifies how Canada regulates pharmaceutical patents through Patented Medicines (Notice of Compliance) Regulations (PMNOC) procedures, how China demands strict structural and compositional clarity, how India prohibits second medical use claims, and how Japan mandates pharmacological data at filing. It also explains how US practice requires both narrow and broad claim strategies to counter generic competition, and how Europe permits medical use claims only through specific formats to comply with Article 53(c) EPC. Finally, the chapter underscores the critical role of strategic drafting to secure robust, enforceable pharmaceutical patent rights across complex international systems.

Baldness may be caused by the weight of the scalp: Gravity as a proposed mechanism for hair loss