傳統製造類中小企業轉型進入文化創意產業關鍵成功因素之研究 – 以『林三益筆墨專家』為例

Research on firm internationalisation has tended to focus on Large Enterprises(LEs), with relatively less focus on Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs), despite the importance of SMEs in generating national employment and economic development. In many countries the government has acknowledged SMEs as a key source of domestic income growth and employment creation, most particularly from export activities. Studies on internationalisation of SMEs, however, have been predominantly focused on developed countries. This study therefore is focused on the internationalisation of SMEs from Indonesia, which represents developing countries. Most studies of exporting SMEs focus on macroeconomic factors such as regulation, infrastructure and programs which assist SME development. On the other hand, management literature has recognised the important roles of senior managers in terms of their management know‐how and international business skills as human capital which can influence the export activity of the firm. At the same time, social capital is also recognised a further resource needed for SME internationalisation. Therefore this research will address this gap in order to examine the role of entrepreneur’s human and social capital in internationalisation of the firm. Further to this, findings on the relationship between firm internationalisation and firm performance are mixed. More specifically, the effect of internationalisation of SMEs on business performance has not been seriously investigated. This study therefore seeks to fill this gap by examining the unique effect of different dimensions of internationalisation on business performance. Overall, this study has three purposes: the first is to measure company resources (Human and Social Capital) influencing Indonesia’s manufacturing exporting SMEs in their internationalisation process; the second is to examine the effect of human and social capital in relation to three dimensions of internationalisation (international performance, number of markets and time to internationalise); and the third is to assess the effect of the aforementioned internationalisation dimensions on firm financial performance. This study used a mixed method combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. The quantitative data was drawn from 241 SMEs’ managers and/or owners who have exporting activities from a total of approximately 3 million SMEs based on the Indonesian government database. The qualitative data was collected through interviews with ten SMEs owner‐managers who were participating in the survey. Using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) technique, the findings suggest that Management Know‐How have no positive relationship with any dimension of internationalisation, but, interestingly, it has a negative relationship with time for internationalisation; suggesting that it delays the internationalisation of the firms. The findings also show that both International Business Skills and Social Capital skills have a positive relationship with international performance and number of exporting markets, but not with time for internationalisation. With regard to the effect of internationalisation on business performance, the findings show that international performance has no effect on business performance, but the number of export market has a positive relationship with business performance. On the other hand, the time for internalisation has a negative effect on business performance, meaning that the later the SMEs internationalise, the better their performance. Qualitative findings indicate that good networks with competitors, suppliers and government will help a firm to serve the international market successfully. From theoretical perspectives, the findings support the Resource‐Based View theory as international business skills have positive relationships with two dimensions of internationalisation. The findings of this study also support the traditional view of incremental internationalisation advanced by Stage Theory. Consequently, the findings imply that International New Venture Theory, which supports born‐global or leap‐frog approach in internationalising SMEs, is not appropriate for Indonesian context. Finally, this study also supports the Network Perspective which suggests that the relationships built by firms with other businesses, community leaders, and government have significant effect on internationalisation of SMEs. Overall, this study demonstrates the unique effect of different organisational capitals (i.e. human and social) as key resources for facilitating internationalisation.

Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) are known for being less prone to international expansion due to the many hazards and challenges that are difficult to face with limited financial and managerial resources. Joint Ventures (JVs) with foreign partners may thus represent strategic weapons for growing internationally, reducing the risks of investments in uncertain environments and allowing access to critical resources not available otherwise. However, due to the high uncertainty of the future behaviour of partners with different national cultures and the complexities related to the entrance in new foreign markets, SMEs usually engage in JVs only at domestic level and are reluctant to engage in such ventures internationally. Drawing on resource dependence and agency theory, we hypothesize and test that the board of directors has an important effect on the willingness to engage in international JVs. Specifically, we found that board interlock ties to other firms increase the likelihood of SMEs to engage in international rather than domestic JVs. Moreover, we found that the positive effect of board interlocks on the formation of international JVs is amplified when there is high ownership concentration. Our study aims to contribute at both theoretical and practitioner level to the literature at bridge between governance and internationalization of SMEs.

The substance of this study is to investigate the efficient and effective utilization of intangible resources by Christian entrepreneurs in Ambon city as a determinant of the performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The purpose of this study, (1) To test the direct influence of spiritual intelligence on manejerial skills of Christian entrepreneurs in Ambon City. (2) To test the direct influence of emotional intelligence on manejerial skills of Christian entrepreneurs in Ambon City. (3) Testing the direct influence of entrepreneurial manejerial skills on SME's performance. (4) Examine the direct influence of spiritual intelligence on the performance of SMEs. (5) Examine the direct influence of emotional intelligence on the performance of SMEs. (6) Examining the influence of spiritual intelligence on SMEs performance through entrepreneurial manejerial skills. (7) Examine the effect of emotional intelligence on SME performance through entrepreneurial manejerial skills. The result using Path Analysis resulted (1) Spiritual intelligence proved to have direct positive and significant direct effect to the managerial skill of Christian entrepreneur in Ambon City. (2) Spiritual intelligence proved to have direct positive and significant direct impact on the performance of SMEs of Christian entrepreneurs in Ambon City. (3) Spiritual intelligence proved to positively indirectly affect the performance of SMEs of Christian entrepreneurs in Ambon City through managerial skills (although not dominant influences). (4) Emotional intelligence proved to have direct positive and significant direct impact on the managerial skills of Christian entrepreneurs in Ambon City. (5) Emotional intelligence proved to have a direct positive and direct significant impact on the performance of SMEs of Christian entrepreneurs in Ambon City. (6) Emotional intelligence proved to positively indirectly affect the performance of SMEs of Christian entrepreneurs in Ambon City through managerial skills (although not dominant influences). (7) Managerial skill has proved directly and directly positive to the performance of SMEs of Christian entrepreneurs in Ambon City. Keywords: Spiritual intelligence, emotional intelligence, manejerial skills, SME performance.

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are considered a seed-bed of entrepreneurship and innovation in most emerging economies; nevertheless, SMEs sometimes lack an enabling business climate, which hinders their potential growth. This paper examines the effect of corruption and bureaucracy on SMEs growth in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana. The study was a quantitative research, and convenience sampling method was employed to select 373 owners/managers as respondents for the study. Employing questionnaire as its main data collection instrument, the study used Gretl version 3.0 Statistical Software for the analysis of data collected. The results of the study revealed that 1% increase in corruption in the SMEs sector leads to 36.12% decline in SMEs growth (sales and employment), and 1% increase in bureaucracy leads to 28.76% decrease in the growth of SMEs. An interesting outcome of the study was that the excessive bureaucratic bottlenecks in the SMEs sector are implied by corruption. We, therefore, conclude that there is a significant negative relationship between corruption and bureaucracy and SMEs growth. It is, therefore, recommended that the government takes a giant-step to fight corruption in the SMEs sector by ensuring transparency and accountability of public officials and also streamline its systems and activities in the sector to reduce the excessive administrative barriers. The present study adds substantial value to the body of research on SMEs as it is the first research to have considered the joint effect of corruption and bureaucracy on SMEs growth in an emerging economy like Ghana. Published In: Munyoki, Bode (Eds.): Universities, Entrepreneurship and Enterprise Development in Africa - Conference Proceedings 2017. Nairobi, Kenya, 19. July 2017

This study investigates the innovation strategies of cultural micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Northern and Central Luzon, Philippines, operating within the domain of traditional cultural expressions, particularly traditional crafts and culinary crafts. These enterprises play a dual role in preserving cultural heritage and contributing to local economic development. As cultural and creative industries (CCIs) gain increasing recognition for their economic and social contributions, cultural MSMEs in developing regions face unique challenges. Through a qualitative case study approach involving nine MSMEs, the research explores innovations in products, processes, and business models. It also examines the motivations driving these innovations, barriers encountered, and opportunities for enhancing sustainability and competitiveness. Findings reveal that cultural entrepreneurs innovate to ensure economic viability, preserve cultural heritage, empower communities, and leave a lasting legacy. Their strategies respond to evolving consumer preferences, seek to expand market reach, and aim to modernize operations while maintaining the authenticity of their cultural products. However, challenges such as succession planning, diminishing artisanal skills, and limited access to financial resources constrain their capacity to scale, adopt new technologies, and remain competitive in both local and global markets. The study identifies key innovation strategies, including product and process diversification, technology integration, strategic marketing, and stakeholder collaboration. Many MSMEs adopt hybrid production models, blending traditional craftsmanship with mechanized processes to enhance efficiency without undermining cultural value. Partnerships with government agencies, universities, and private entities emerge as critical to fostering innovation ecosystems that support cultural entrepreneurship. Despite these efforts, significant barriers persist. The declining interest of younger generations in traditional crafts threatens the continuity of artisanal skills, compounded by the absence of formal training programs. Limited financial resources further hinder growth and modernization, restricting the ability of MSMEs to compete effectively. To address these challenges, the study advocates for a collaborative approach involving policymakers, industry stakeholders, and consumers to create an enabling environment for innovation and sustainability. Such a framework must include targeted support for skills development, financial accessibility, and market expansion. This research emphasizes the essential role of cultural MSMEs within the traditional cultural expressions domain and their contribution to the broader CCI ecosystem. It offers actionable insights for addressing structural barriers and leveraging opportunities to enhance the resilience and competitiveness of these enterprises. By empowering cultural MSMEs, the Philippines can preserve its rich cultural heritage while fostering economic growth and social development.

Indonesia is a country with a large number of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) sectors. MSMEs must apply creativity and innovation in order to face increasingly competitive levels of business competition. Understanding and awareness of the importance of creativity and innovation among MSMEs is still low. Understanding the differences between creativity and innovation is still felt to be ambiguous and wrong. The application of the concepts of creativity and innovation is still considered unimportant, considering that many business people want to succeed in their business instantly, without thinking too much, which can drain their mind and energy. The research explores the differences between creativity and innovation, the concept of the importance of creativity and innovation in MSMEs, and the results of research on the importance of creativity and innovation in MSMEs comprehensively examine these things as has never been done before. The aim of the research is to explore the importance of creativity and innovation in MSMEs. The method used is library research, using critical analysis techniques. The results of research exploring the importance of creativity and innovation in MSMEs show that there are 14 differences between creativity and innovation. The importance of creativity and innovation is: (1) creativity and innovation have been accepted in the fields of business/business and management, and can only be achieved through creative and innovative solutions; (2) creativity and innovation in business are two things that business people need to have and develop for success; and (3) creativity and innovation are so important in the business world, that it is necessary to optimize creative and innovative abilities and ideas. Research studies on the importance of creativity and innovation in MSMEs include: the importance of creativity and innovation, the role of creativity and innovation, the impact of creativity and innovation, and the influence of creativity and innovation. The research on the importance of creativity and innovation examines the following 12 things: (1) entrepreneurship (ability, competence, intention, spirit and entrepreneurial mindset); (2) business success/success; (3) continuity/sustainability of business; (4) business development/progress; (5) increasing competitiveness/competitive advantage; (6) buying interest; (7) purchasing decisions; (8) increasing consumer purchasing power; (9) consumer satisfaction; (10) increasing the value of products/services; (11) increase in sales volume/income turnover; and (12) business/marketing performance.

PurposeThe main objective of this study is to assess kinship employee engagement as a mediating variable in the relationship between person–organization–fit (P-O Fit) and person–job–fit with turnover intention.Design/methodology/approachThis research was conducted at creative industry micro, small and medium enterprises (MSME) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The number of respondents was 331 MSME employees. The distribution of questionnaires was carried out using offline and online systems through direct questions and Google forms. The data analysis tool used was structural equation modelling.FindingsThe findings of this study revealed that kinship employee engagement is proven to mediate the relationship between P-O-fit and P-J-fit on turnover intention.Research limitations/implicationsThis research provides a new perspective on social exchanges, namely, exchanges that are intangible based on the relationship between employees, leaders and owners of micro and small medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the form of kinship employee engagement. Employees who feel P-O Fit and P-J fit with their organizations will exhibit positive behavior in the form of kinship employee engagement.Practical implicationsThe first practical implication is that MSME superiors/owners must pay more attention to P-O fit; one way to do this is to assess P-O fit at the recruitment and selection stage. This may be useful for organizations that hire and retain employees whose goals and values closely match those of the organization. With regard to the P-J fit relationship, and turnover intention, which turns out to have a negative relationship, this finding has implications for the formulation of policies that should not only focus on increasing the knowledge, skills and abilities of employees but also on fulfilling their wishes. For example, providing employees with training, self-development opportunities, flexible working hours and competitive salaries will strengthen their level of compatibility with their jobs, which in turn will reduce the willingness of employees to leave their jobs.Social implicationsIn social practice, kinship employee engagement can be applied to MSMEs. When MSME owners have limited funds, facilities, etc., to bind employees, they can apply kinship to employees so that they are more attached to MSMEs.Originality/valueThis study is among the first to introduce a new construct (kinship employee engagement) which is an extension of the engagement construct that is more specific and follows the MSME context, and is the first study to propose kinship employee engagement as a mediating variable in the relationship between P-O-fit and P-J-fit on turnover intention.

This study investigates the impact of digital accounting systems and E-commerce platforms on the competitiveness of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) managed by Millennials and Generation Z, particularly in the culinary sector of Malang City. Although MSMEs are essential to Indonesia's economy, numerous enterprises still employ traditional approaches in financial administration and marketing. Due to the swift progression of technology, younger entrepreneurs, who are typically more digitally proficient, possess considerable potential to utilize solutions that enhance business efficiency and market competitiveness. Digital accounting entails the integration of technology into financial recordkeeping and analysis, allowing MSMEs to access real-time, accurate financial information that fosters greater transparency and operational efficiency. Simultaneously, E-commerce platforms provide MSMEs the opportunity to expand their market reach, reduce operational costs, and improve product exposure. The incorporation of these digital tools is expected to enhance MSMEs' competitiveness in the current rapid business landscape. A quantitative research methodology will be utilized, incorporating questionnairesaimed at proprietors of culinary MSMEs in Malang City, supplemented by interviews to obtain comprehensive insights into the advantages and challenges of digitalization. This study aims to elucidate the influence of digital technologies on MSME competitiveness and to guide entrepreneurs and policymakers in fostering MSME growth in the digital era. The findings are anticipated to enhance future academic study and bolster the local economic development of Malang City. This study applies samples from Malang city, a city in East Java, as the most developed culinary area in Indonesia. Other cities globally may take benefits from this study's results.

Abstract: This study explores the dynamic relationship between internationalization and innovation, and their joint impact on the organizational performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Based on data from 404 SMEs, the research analyzes the structural links between internationalization (INT), innovation (INN), and organizational performance (OP), offering valuable insights into how these factors contribute to the success of SMEs in a globalized business environment. The theoretical framework integrates the Revised Uppsala Internationalization Process Model, the Innovation-Related Internationalization Model, and the Resource-Based View (RBV) Theory. Findings reveal that innovation plays a vital mediating role in the relationship between internationalization and organizational performance, highlighting that SMEs can improve performance not just through entering global markets, but by embedding innovation within their operations. The study shows that firms that combine internationalization strategies with innovative practices achieve superior outcomes in terms of financial growth, operational efficiency, and market competitiveness. This research provides practical recommendations for entrepreneurs, policymakers, and academics. Entrepreneurs are encouraged to synchronize internationalization with innovation to build competitive advantages, while policymakers are urged to support initiatives that foster both innovation and international expansion among SMEs. Academically, the study fills a gap in the literature by examining the empirical relationship between these variables in the Chinese SME context. Future research opportunities are proposed, including expanding the study to different industries and regions, integrating qualitative approaches, and considering external factors influencing internationalization and innovation. This work contributes to theory and practice by offering a robust framework for understanding how SMEs can strategically leverage internationalization and innovation to enhance performance in an increasingly interconnected global market.

Introduction: The Fourth Industrial Revolution has triggered a fundamental shift in the global economic structure, significantly influencing the sustainability and competitiveness of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of digital technology adoption in enhancing the competitiveness of MSMEs in the creative industry sector in Tangerang City. Methods: Utilizing the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, this research applies a quantitative approach through an evaluative survey design involving 128 MSME actors who have integrated digital systems into their business operations. Results: The findings reveal that approximately 78% of respondents reported an increase in sales ranging from 20% to 35% following digital adoption, while 64% successfully expanded their market reach to national and international levels. Moreover, digital technology implementation has proven to significantly improve operational efficiency and accelerate product innovation processes, thereby strengthening the competitive edge of MSMEs. However, several challenges remain, such as limited access to formal digital training, low levels of digital literacy, and uneven availability of digital infrastructure across regions. Conclusion: The study concludes that optimal digital technology implementation can generate substantial positive impacts on MSME performance and competitiveness, provided there is strategic support from government bodies, educational institutions, and the private sector. Strengthening multi-stakeholder collaboration and building an inclusive and sustainable digital ecosystem are key strategies for advancing MSME transformation in the digital economy era. This research offers valuable implications for policy formulation and strategic empowerment of technology-based MSMEs in Indonesia.

Purpose The rapid advancement of Generative Artificial Intelligence (Gen-AI) offers transformative opportunities for enhancing digital competence and management quality in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Given the challenges of a Volatile, Uncertain, Complex and Ambiguous (VUCA) business environment, SMEs face risks of losing competitive advantages to larger corporations. This study aims to explore Gen-AI trends and identify strategies that can support SMEs in building digital resilience and operational efficiency. Design/methodology/approach Through text analysis of patent data and using Gen-AI technology, this research examines potential AI applications to address SME challenges, such as labor shortages, productivity declines and operational inefficiencies. The study uses topic modeling and an OS-matrix framework to analyze trends in Gen-AI patents, aligning technological developments with SME-specific needs. Findings The study finds that Gen-AI technologies, such as automated content creation and predictive analytics, provide targeted solutions for key SME challenges. The OS-matrix framework reveals that specific Gen-AI applications can enhance SMEs’ adaptability and competitive positioning in dynamic markets. Research limitations/implications While this research underscores the potential of Gen-AI for SME digital transformation, limitations include a reliance on patent data and a lack of consideration of various industrial features of SMEs. Future research should expand data sources and apply findings across diverse SME sectors. Originality/value This study contributes insights by mapping Gen-AI advancements to SME needs under VUCA conditions. Therefore, integrating topic modeling with OS-matrix for aligning Gen-AI technologies to SME operational challenges, offers a strategic framework for digital adoption.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) often face significant challenges in ensuring the success of new product launches, especially in highly competitive environments with limited resources. This study aims to analyze the impact of New Product Launch Proficiency (NPLP) on New Product Performance (NPP) MSMEs, mediated through Collaborative Capabilities (CC). This study uses a quantitative descriptive methodology. A total of 284 respondents were selected through a purposive sampling process via an online questionnaire from Indonesian Creative Industry MSMEs in the fashion, culinary, and handicraft sectors. The results were then analyzed using Smart PLS version 3.0. The results show that NPLP strongly influences CC and NPP of creative industry MSMEs. CC was identified as a mediator between NPLP and NPP. The main limitation of this study was its limited scope due to time constraints. This study enriches the existing literature by providing information on the correlation between NPLP, CC, and NPP of MSMEs in the Creative Industry sector.

Business resilience for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) of Indonesia creative industry sub-sector is evident when it was able to survive when the economic crisis hit the world a few decades ago. Currently this sub-sector as one of the largest foreign exchange earners for the country. These, MSMEs have some weaknesses due to the limited ability of Human Resources (HR) in managing their business. From the available data, it is known that around 65% MSMEs in Central Java have several workers around 1 to 3 people, they only focus their work on production aspects so that they are less focus on other aspects such as financial, legality, marketing, and even product quality. This study aims to create a new model to help MSME run their business by involving 6 elements named HexaCyclus Spiral. This Performance Management System-based model would be facilitating business owners in taking action to improve their business on a sustainable basis if a decline in business performance is found. So that the model that consists of seven key performance indicators was expected to increase the performance of business products with a reporting system based on weekly to annual supplemented with a business early warning system.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a crucial role in Indonesia's economy, significantly contributing to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, the shift in consumer behavior from traditional shopping to online shopping necessitates MSMEs to adapt to information technology, particularly e-commerce. This study aims to identify the factors supporting e-commerce adoption by MSMEs, including competitive pressure, entrepreneurial mindset, perceived benefits, and owner/HR knowledge. This research employs a quantitative approach using Partial Least Square (PLS) methods to analyze data from 358 MSMEs respondents in Bandung, Yogyakarta, Denpasar, and Mataram. The results indicate that all independent variables (competitive pressure, entrepreneurial mindset, perceived benefits, and knowledge) significantly influence e-commerce adoption. These findings provide practical contributions for SMEs in developing effective e-commerce adoption strategies.

The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of inflation and the weakening of the rupiah exchange rate against US$ toward the level of poverty and unemployment as well as the development of small entrepreneurs. This study uses quantitative and qualitative research methods. The results are as follows: (1) There is significant effect of inflation rate, exchange rate, economic growth and average wages on poverty; (2) There is significant effect of the inflation rate and the average wage on poverty in urban areas; (3) There is significant effect of inflation rate, exchange rate, economic growth and average wages on poverty in rural areas; (4) There is significant effect of inflation rate, exchange rate and unemployment on unemployment assuming fixed wage; (5) There is no significant effect of inflation rate and exchange rate on unemployment with no fixed wage assumption. The findings of qualitative analysis are as the following: (1) The welfare of both business owners and artisans in small industry are not overly influenced by the impact of inflation and the weakening of rupiah against the US dollar; (2) Strategies to overcome the impact of inflation and exchange rate adopted by small and medium enterprise, include (a ) Efforts to reduce the size of goods (b) reducing the quality of the product (c) reduce business profits and (d) cost efficiency of production; (3) Current marketing system, includes: (a) Waiting for domestic and foreign tourists who visit with tour guides (b) Marketing and selling in designated market established by the government (c) Participation in exhibition (d) Digital marketing through website.