ГЕОДЕЗІЯ, КАРТОГРАФІЯ І АЕРОФОТОЗНІМАННЯ

Rapid growth of ICT has resulted in the development of innovative tools that could extend opportunities for tourism destination marketers and tourists. ICT-based tools expand the tourism product and tourism experience into the realm of virtual tourism (VT). Since the tourism product is intangible and cannot be pretested by tourists before purchase, VT makes it possible to sense the experience through virtual reality (VR). This chapter focuses on how VT could be explored to realize its full potential, particularly by Sub-Saharan African countries. The first section reviews the literature on VR and its relationship to VT and examines ICT components that support VR and VT. The second section explains reasons for interest in VT and identifies development efforts. The third section examines tourist attractions that could be marketed as VT in the sub-region and also identifies markets. The fourth section identifies problems and makes suggestions to address problems in VT development. The fifth section recommends areas for VT research, and the final section provides concluding remarks.

Tourism is one of the primary sectors that is expected to increase the regional government income. Therefore there is a need to observe the factors that affect the successfulness of tourism factors and products offered. Tourism products can be tourist destinations, where the characteristics of that particular destination can affect the decisions made by the tourist to return the place again. The characteristics of tourism in Aceh can be analyzed by using biplot analysis. Meanwhile, the effects of tourism characteristics on the number of tourists in Aceh from the year 2008 until 2013 is analyzed using panel data regression analysis that is approached by Fixed Effext Model (FEM). Based on the biplot graph, the cities that are superior in their number of all tourism products are Sabang and Banda Aceh. Cities other than these two cities tend to have a lower number of their tourism products. The biplot graph can explain the relationship between the variables of tourism products by 83.8%. Based on the model of fixed effect panel data, Aceh tourism products that affect the number of tourists in Aceh is the number of accommodations, restaurants, and tourist attractions. Fixed effect model explain correlation between the variables of tourism products to the number of tourists in Aceh by 78.8%.

Soil is a core element of the biosphere, and the soil cover is exposed to major processes that take place within this system. Therefore, it is very important to understand the results of soil research from the perspective of current global and local environmental problems. With the advent of new methods of spatial analysis and techniques for obtaining remote sensing data, geoinformation technologies offer great opportunities for analyzing the natural and ecological state of the region. Therefore, geoinformation analysis of the state of natural and anthropogenic transformed soils is an essential tool for their studying, forecasting the development of the natural environment, and working out the ways of rational farming. As forest territories have a beneficial effect on the natural and climatic situation in general, and vice versa, environmental degradation on agricultural lands will result in worsening the situation on forest lands, it is necessary to consider forest and agricultural areas in close integration with GIS technologies. It should be done to improve the overall natural environmental conditions. The study used soil survey data conducted in 2017-2019. Field and office studies were conducted: samples were taken in the field to determine the agrochemical parameters of the soil, and the data obtained were analyzed using mathematical and statistical methods. Digital cartographic materials were created using geoinformation technologies. The basis for a comprehensive natural and environmental assessment of forest and agricultural areas using geoinformation systems was laid. The studies conducted to identify changes in natural and anthropogenic transformed soils have shown that the contours of soil varieties have changed. In many cases, there is a deterioration in soil properties. The number of fertile chernozem has decreased. In areas with low crop cultivation, there are signs of a decrease in the humus horizon and the development of erosion processes. As a result of the conducted research, a single digital soil and geographical database for forest and agricultural territories were created. The developed methodology and algorithm for creating a database and digital cartographic basis using geoinformation technologies in environmental studies can be recommended as a base for similar studies both in the Republic of Bashkortostan and in other regions.

Sangiran Tourism Village or Krikilan Village is one of the tourist villages that has unique geology, being part of the Sangiran Cultural Conservation area which has been designated as a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage. Therefore, tourism development in Sangiran Tourism Village should not be carried out arbitrarily and planning is needed through the development of appropriate tourism products. This study uses a descriptive method and a qualitative approach to find out the actual situation and phenomena. The results obtained from this study are the actual conditions of tourism products in the Sangiran Tourism Village where tourism in the Sangiran Tourism Village currently only utilizes the actual attraction in the form of the Sangiran Ancient Human Museum. The potential possessed by the Sangiran Tourism Village is the natural potential in the form of geological conditions, landscapes, and rural life that are still maintained. Some of the suggestions made are the use of potential tourist attractions, the preparation of tour packages, and the preparation of a code of ethics for tourism development.

The adaptation to the new scenario that the Social media project has revolutionized the way of communicating, which is why tourist destinations must take advantage of the advantages they offer as a communication tool. For this reason, the communities where El Camino de Santiago, a millennial pilgrimage route that has gone from a purely religious fact to become a tourist product, can use these resources to carry out its promotion. The objective of this work is to analyze the activity and effectiveness of the official Facebook fanpage s of the organisms of the autonomous communities through which the French Way of Saint James passes in Spain for its tourism promotion: Navarre, Aragon, La Rioja, Castile-Leon and Galicia. For this purpose, the variables of Presence/Visibility, Engagement/Interactivity and Content are considered and are measured through a series of performance indicators using the online analysis tool Fanpage Karma%. The results reveal that some of the regions analyzed should better optimize the interactive potential that Facebook offers them, to improve their future positioning as a tourist destination.

Objetivo do estudo: Analisar a relação entre a satisfação e o engajamento online dos visitantes da 34ª Oktoberfest de Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brasil, realizada no ano de 2017.Metodologia/abordagem: Realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória, documental e descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa, por meio de um levantamento survey com questionário, aplicado durante o mês de outubro de 2017 na Oktoberfest Blumenau, o qual resultou em 215 questionários válidos.Originalidade/Relevância: O uso de festivais como promotores do turismo em destinos vem sendo massivamente utilizado, porém, com seu crescimento, percebeu-se a necessidade de encontrar estratégias para manter o visitante satisfeito e engajado com a sua realização, buscando assim, a manutenção de sua atratividade e intenção de revisitar tal evento. A Oktoberfest é o principal festival cultural alemão realizado em todo o país, e Blumenau possui a maior edição do Brasil em número de público. Assim, evidencia-se a necessidade de avaliar como o visitante está percebendo a realização do festival e o quanto sente-se engajado com este, buscando a manutenção da qualidade e valorização da cultura típica alemã demonstrada através da Oktoberfest.Principais resultados: Entre os principais achados, destaca-se que as mulheres ficaram mais satisfeitas com a dimensão Tangibilidade, enquanto os homens com a dimensão Empatia. Foi possível identificar ainda, que a satisfação do visitante não tem relação com o engajamento online.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: O estudo contribui com a literatura acadêmica através do avanço em pesquisas relacionadas a festivais e engajamento, principalmente através do uso da Oktoberfest como objeto de estudo. Tal festival vem sendo utilizado como produto turístico em todo o mundo, porém, pesquisas que identifiquem como este vem se desenvolvendo e se de fato vem representando a cultura de forma satisfatória ainda não alcançaram um espaço significativo no meio acadêmico.Contribuições sociais / para a gestão: Os resultados aqui apresentados fornecem importantes resultados para a gestão e marketing não apenas da Oktoberfest de Blumenau, mas também para os demais eventos culturais, onde evidenciam que existem diferenças significativas em relação aos fatores pessoais e a sua percepção de engajamento e satisfação.

The tourism and hospitalityindustry faces a problem of seasonality everywhere in the world. Croatia as a tourist destination has a strong seasonality and it is recognized primarily as '' The sun and the sea'' destination. One of the possibilities to reduce the seasonality is a development of new tourism products in the periods out of peak season. An attempt to overcome the seasonality could be development of Destination Management Companies (DMCs), specialized receptive tourism agencies that create and place an offer of complex tourist products or packages, tailored to the needs of tourists, especially during periods out of peak season. This paper reviews these issues by analyzing the level of development of tourism products of Destination Management Companies (DMCs) in Croatia and their possible impact on the reduction of seasonality in Croatia.

The mapping of agricultural land worldwide is exceptionally important since these maps provide a robust foundation in regards to the open spatial database of agriculture. Mapping processes usually and initially take part in interactive creation maps of agricultural sectors. As a result, this enables agricultural experts and specialists to undertake interactive management and monitoring of all agricultural sectors. This study was carried out in the Bukhara region of Uzbekistan. The potential and most appropriate technology of creating an interactive map of agricultural sectors of the study area was developed using ArcGIS, MapInfo, and Global Mapper software, appertain to the family of up-to-the-date GIS technologies. This software was used in the creation of agricultural spatial data and thematic layers. The created thematic layer and database were integrated into the Java applet, thus a user working window was developed and an interactive agricultural map of Bukhara province of Uzbekistan was created. The interactive map can visualize and illustrate all branches of agricultural sections as separate thematic layers and statistic diagrams.

With the improvement of people’s living standards, ethnic tourism has begun to develop in an all-round way, and correspondingly, ethnic cultural products have become more and more dazzling. However, the current tourists’ satisfaction with ethnic cultural tourism products is generally low, so the innovative design of tourism products is an important means to improve the satisfaction of tourism products. The purpose of this paper was to use digital information technology to study the innovation of national cultural wisdom tourism product design and to optimize tourism products. This paper first expounded the experiential design of ethnic cultural tourism products which applies the TEAR theory, and the ASEB grid analysis introduced the four factors of theme, environment, activity, and reaction, analyzed the experience of tourism from the perspective of tourists, then introduced the extraction and development process of digital information technology, and then built a three-dimensional digital model of ethnic cultural tourism product design to lay a solid foundation for product design. In addition, this paper took the development of ethnic cultural tourism products in Yunnan ethnic villages as a case to investigate and analyze the tourist market and tourist needs and finally put forward some product design ideas and suggestions. Through the research and analysis of tourists, it is found that there are more young and middle-aged tourists in Yunnan ethnic villages, and most of them travel with their families. According to the survey of tourists’ preferences, more than 80% of tourists like high-quality and low-cost tourism products, and nearly 50% of tourists want to gain a thinking experience in tourist attractions. The most popular forms of tourists were ethnic art and traditional culture. Therefore, designers can design tourism products according to the preferences of tourists and improve the satisfaction of tourism products.

The purpose of the article is to explore marketing tools applied in the promotion of tourist products both globally and in Ukraine. The study focuses on a multifaceted approach to the proposal and application of marketing tools in promoting tourist products, taking into account the current time, existing challenges, and transformations. Research Methodology. The methodology involves the systematic organization of scientific, scientific-journalistic, statistical information, journalistic investigations, and research, as well as the utilization of personal scientific-practical experience using analysis and synthesis of a multitude of literary sources regarding the issues of forming tourist products and the development of the tourism industry in the realities of wartime. Various research methods were used in writing the article, encompassing both general scientific and specialized approaches, including literary analysis, statistical analysis, historiography and chronology methods, as well as forecasting and generalization methods. The scientific novelty lies in identifying modern methods for promoting tourist products in the international and Ukrainian tourism service markets, considering updated trends and challenges of the time. Research Results. The results of scientific investigations in this domain allow for the synthesis of existing scientific knowledge on the application of marketing tools in tourism. They contribute to formulating algorithms for creating more dynamic and competitive marketing strategies aimed at attracting diverse audiences. Collaboration between different directions of tourism specialization and individual segments (such as hotel and restaurant business, transportation, hospitality) forms new experiences and requires continuous analysis and adaptation to the market of the progressive tourism industry. Practical Significance. The results of scientific investigations can be utilized for strategic planning and promoting tourist products. These studies will provide tourism enterprises with a new target audience, increase demand for tourist products and services, and ultimately lead to increased profits.

Based on GIS technology, a spatial data analysis method for blocked road information data is presented in this paper. First, blocked road information data is introduced. Second, based on GIS technology, the blocked road information data analysis process is proposed. In which, simplify the processing of spatial data, isometric transformation based GIS platform, segment split processing, stake assignment, space matching of blocked road information data, and so on, are included. Finally, the method proposed in the paper is validated by blocked road information data of a province in eastern China from 2010 to 2013. The results show that the method is feasible and effectively, the analysis results can provide support for choosing highway network monitoring sites position, emergency material reserves and management.

Perak Tengah District has much cultural heritage potential to promote, notably in terms of village life, arts, culture, and agriculture. In order to be beneficial to the community, additional efforts should be encouraged to draw tourists to Perak, and the new attraction should be carefully defined and interpreted, especially in rural regions. Unfortunately, there is not enough support for the tourism industry's infrastructure, and the services are still not up to par. The Local Plan 2013, which promotes tourist-related products in Perak Tengah, is the foundation of the proposal to boost tourism there. This is consistent with the policies outlined in the Perak State Plan, which emphasises Perak Tengah's tourism products and integrated growth as a Perak tourism attraction. Focus group discussions with local agencies will be used in this study's qualitative research, which will be used to examine the rural development in the Perak Tengah District. The study begins by identifying the person in charge of change for each administrative area. This study is divided into five (5) main sections: the tourist destination, the tourist product, the tourist activities, the promotion of tourism, and the infrastructure for tourists, particularly in the administrative district. Based on the findings of this study, it was found that there are various potentials that local authorities can highlight. The suggestions and perceptions expressed that rural tourism can revive and improve the tourism economy in Perak Teng

Purpose: The aim of this research is to explore the virtual tours (VT) are provided by Jakarta Creative Tourism Travel Agents (JCTTA) for tourists to travel during the Covid-19 pandemic. Research methods: The research method used in this study is descriptive qualitative. Data collection was carried out by interview with key informants consisting of virtual tour service managers, visitors as service users. Data analysis was carried out descriptive qualitative form the results of interview which were used to answer problem formulations related to virtual tour products managed by JCCTA. Result and discussion: The results of this study indicate that VT has become an alternative in the tourism business and a viable option for travelers during the COVID-19 pandemic. VT enable travelers to explore tourist destinations without physically traveling, providing visual and interactive experiences through video and Google Earth. The discussion in this research highlights the advantages of VT as a means to sustain the tourism industry and offer a safe option for travelers during the pandemic. Implication: The implications suggest that 1) handling quickly in response to tourist complaints, especially network connections; 2) displays complete tourist attractions found in tourism destinations, so that no tourist attraction is overlooked; 3) presenting more attractive displays on the web site to attract new customers and consumers; 4) improve the quality of software and hardware used to produce VT packages; 5) Managers must try to establish a program for how this virtual tour business can still run in the normal era after the COVID-19 pandemic by conducting surveys of previous customer interests. On the other hand, JCTTA's investment in software and hardware to produce virtual tour packages continues to generate profits for the company. Keywords: virtual tour, covid-19 pandemic, travel agent

Goal. The purpose of this article is investigation of promotion of Vinnitsa city tourism product on the tourist market of Ukraine. Method. The methodological basis of the research is the basis of scientific dialectics. The main methods of research are statistical, analytical, comparative-geographical, graphic, formalization method, SWOT analysis, PEST analysis. Results. The features of Vinnitsa tourist products promotion on the Ukrainian tourism market are revealed. The tourist potential of Vinnitsa is analyzed. The most visited tourist destinations are highlighted. The monitoring of the tourist market of Vinnitsa is carried out. The main indicators of tourist activity in Vinnitsa city in comparison with similar regional centers of Ukraine are investigated. The competitive advantages and weaknesses of Vinnitsa among similar regional centers of Ukraine are determined. The prospective types of tourism of Vinnitsa are determined. These types are competitive on the domestic and international markets. The PEST analysis of tourism development in Vinnitsa as well as analysis of Vinnitsa tourist products promotion on the Ukrainian market is carried out. The opportunities and threats of development of city tourism in political, economic, social and technological fields are allocated. The wide application of innovative information technologies in the tourism field of Vinnitsa city is grounded. There are: usage of audio guides, information screens, interactive mapping, rental of vehicles and caressing, free printed guides and handbooks with city information. The models of development and implementation of the tourist cluster of Vinnitsa based on the innovative (“Roshen” fountain) and traditional historical and cultural (museum of M. Pirogov) tourist destinations are proposed. The main economic and social effects from the creation and development of the tourist cluster are outlined. The marketing measures of tourist activity development in Vinnitsa are analyzed also. The forecasting of main indicators transformation of tourist industry development in Vinnitsa city till 2020 is presented. The complex of measures, which will allow implementing the priorities of Vinnitsa tourist products promotion on the Ukrainian market based on above mentioned forecasts, is offered. The SWOT-analysis of Vinnitsa tourist product promotion on the Ukrainian market was carried out to determine the main strategic planning priorities in tourism field of the city. The strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Vinnitsa tourist products promotion on the Ukrainian market are highlighted. The suggestions on development and formation of the tourist brand of the city are presented. The priorities of tourist city market development as well as priorities of Vinnitsa tourist products promotion on the Ukrainian market are offered. Scientific novelty. Scientific novelty consists in the development of a strategy for promotion of Vinnitsa city tourism product on the tourist market of Ukraine in modern conditions. Practical significance. This study is the basis for a large-scale and comprehensive analysis of the promotion of Vinnitsa city tourism product on the tourist market of Ukraine using the results of the SWOT analysis and PEST analysis. These results will be the basis for further studies of the promotion of tourist product within other local tourist destinations, regions, and territorial and recreational complexes of Ukraine.

New tourism destinations and product supply are increasingly popular strategies among industry players to create competitiveness. The tourism industry has become more vibrant since globalization merged with technological changes, thus influencing human travel movements, lifestyles, and current trends. The purpose of the study was to systematically review and analyse the elements of new tourism destination products and the importance of sustaining the tourism industry. The following five primary methodological steps were used in the review processes: review protocol; formulation of research questions; systematic searching strategies based on identification, screening, and eligibility on Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases; quality appraisal and data extraction; analysis. Seven major themes were discovered, based on the thematic analysis: (a) Responsibilities and involvement, (b) Geography and resources, (c) Innovation, (d) Diversification, (e) Trend and travel pattern, (f) Sustainability, and (g) Marketing. The findings provide academics with a basic reference in scientific and design-related frameworks for examining new destinations and tourism products. The study also offers a guide for destination operators and industry stakeholders to be adopted for future destination development and management.