«Көкшетау» МҰТП аумағындағы Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Druce) Soó ценопопуляцияларының қазіргі жағдайы

Estimation of plant canopy using low-altitude imagery can help monitor the normal growth status of crops and is highly beneficial for various digital farming applications such as precision crop protection. However, extracting 3D canopy information from raw images requires studying the effect of sensor viewing angle by taking into accounts the limitations of the mobile platform routes inside the field. The main objective of this research was to estimate wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaf parameters, including leaf length and width, from the 3D model representation of the plants. For this purpose, experiments with different camera viewing angles were conducted to find the optimum setup of a mono-camera system that would result in the best 3D point clouds. The angle-control analytical study was conducted on a four-row wheat plot with a row spacing of 0.17 m and with two seeding densities and growth stages as factors. Nadir and six oblique view image datasets were acquired from the plot with 88% overlapping and were then reconstructed to point clouds using Structure from Motion (SfM) and Multi-View Stereo (MVS) methods. Point clouds were first categorized into three classes as wheat canopy, soil background, and experimental plot. The wheat canopy class was then used to extract leaf parameters, which were then compared with those values from manual measurements. The comparison between results showed that (i) multiple-view dataset provided the best estimation for leaf length and leaf width, (ii) among the single-view dataset, canopy, and leaf parameters were best modeled with angles vertically at −45° and horizontally at 0° (VA −45, HA 0), while (iii) in nadir view, fewer underlying 3D points were obtained with a missing leaf rate of 70%. It was concluded that oblique imagery is a promising approach to effectively estimate wheat canopy 3D representation with SfM-MVS using a single camera platform for crop monitoring. This study contributes to the improvement of the proximal sensing platform for crop health assessment.

The characterization and morphological evaluation of plants are essential steps towards the germplasm classification and use in breeding. The objective of this study was to improve the morphological characterization of four Alpinia purpurata cultivars by means of qualitative evaluations to identify genotypes with promising traits for the ornamental plant market. Four cultivars of A. purpurata (‘Jungle King’, ‘Kimi’, ‘Red Ginger’ and ‘Pink Ginger’) were assessed in a partially shaded cultivation system. Quantitative morphological descriptors such as stem length and diameter, number of leaves on floral stem, leaf width and length, inflorescence width and length, fresh weight of floral stem and the number of produced and marketable stems were evaluated. The qualitative descriptors were evaluated on inflorescence, floral stem, petiole, leaf and bracts. Postharvest longevity was tested in a cold chamber (at 16 and 19°C) and at ambient temperature (26°C). The most outstanding quantitative traits of the cultivars ‘Jungle King’, ‘Kimi’ and ‘Pink Ginger’ were stem length and diameter, fresh weight, floral stem durability, inflorescence length and width and productivity. Cultivar ‘Red Ginger’ was less outstanding in the quantitative traits mentioned for the other cultivars. Variation among the cultivars was observed for inflorescence shape and color. The cultivars ‘Kimi’ and ‘Pink Ginger’ produced a stem yield of 6,654.32 and 7,580.24 ha-1 year-1, respectively, and cultivars ‘Red Ginger’ and ‘Jungle King’ 6,012.34 and 4,037.03 ha-1 year-1, respectively. The postharvest durability of the four cultivars evaluated under refrigeration exceeded 15 days and that of the control was less than 8 days. The qualitative and quantitative traits of the cultivars ‘Jungle King’, ‘Kimi’ and ‘Pink Ginger’ were promising for the tropical ornamental plant market.

Propagating Haritoki through stem cuttings can be difficult because of low rooting success. To improve sprouting and root formation, growth regulators such as IBA are often needed. The experiment was conducted at the Landscape Section, Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, from January to June 2022, to examine the effects of indole butyric acid (IBA) and stem cutting portions on the propagation of Haritoki. The study included three types of stem cuttings viz. apical, middle, and basal combined with six IBA concentrations in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Significant variations were observed among the parameters studied. The highest sprouting percentage (84.88%) occurred in basal cuttings, while apical cuttings had the lowest (67.75%) at 45 DAP. Basal cuttings also exhibited superior growth performance, with the maximum number of shoots (6.01), shoot length (4.94 cm), number of leaves (5.50), leaf length (2.45 cm), leaf width (1.22 cm), rooting percentage (17.83%), root count (4.55), and root length (4.70 cm). In contrast, apical cuttings recorded the lowest values in these parameters. Regarding IBA concentrations, 4000 ppm resulted in the best outcomes at 60 DAP, with the highest sprouting percentage (85.94%), shoot number (7.03), shoot length (7.09 cm), leaf number (7.22), leaf length (2.73 cm), leaf width (1.36 cm), rooting percentage (15.25%), root count (4.19), and root length (4.74 cm). The control treatment (0 ppm) showed the poorest results. The combination of basal cutting with 4000 ppm IBA produced the best performance, whereas apical cutting without IBA had the weakest growth.

In the present investigation attempts were made to estimate genetic parameters for yield and its components in 315 genotypes of cocoyam collected from thirteen aroid growing districts. Plant height, petiole length, petiole breadth, leaf number, leaf length, leaf breadth, LAI, Inflorescence length, peduncle length, spathe length, spathe breadth, corm length, corm breadth, cormel number, cormel length, cormel breadth, corm weight, cormel weight, total fresh weight, total dry weight, yield per plant were taken in this study. Presence of significant differences together with wide ranges of variation indicates wide range of variability existed among the genotypes of cocoyam. Genotypic variances and coefficient of variation for most of the characters were remarkably higher than their corresponding environmental variances, which also indicate the existence of variation in genotypic level. Plant height, petiole length, leaf length, leaf breadth for cocoyam expressed high heritability with moderate to high genetic advance signalled heritable in nature. High heritability with high genetic advance in percentage of mean was also observed for plant height, petiole length, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i2.13150 The Agriculturists 2012; 10(2) 127-132

Somaclonal variation of three Iranian olive cultivars namely Zard (Z), Roughani (R) and unknown cultivar Iks (X) during long-term propagation were evaluated among 5 subcultures. Morphological traits such as length and width of leaf, number of leaves on shoot, length of shoots, internode distance and rooting percentage were measured. Our results showed that R more than Z and X cultivars affected somaclonal variations especially rooting percentage and root length but Z cultivar had steady behavior especially leaf length and width, root length, leaf number and rooting percentage during several subcultures. Although in all traits fluctuating changes observed but the most significant trait studied with almost similar vibration in three cultivars were internode distance values. Totally we could not select specific subculture period for creation of the maximum satisfied morphological changes because it was suitable increasing of leaf length and width R and X cultivars in second subculture and was suitable for Z in fourth subculture. In order to accomplishment of morphological changes in length of shoots, number of leaves and enhance of rooting percentage in R cultivar and also internode distance in X cultivar somaclonal variation during several subcultures will be appropriate.

Background:: Internet browsing has become an indispensable part of day-to-day life. Computers and the internet have occupied almost all sectors of human life. However, it is an artificial source of electromagnetic radiation, which has adverse effects on all living things in dose-dependant manner. Objective:: To understand the impact of electromagnetic radiations on plant, Capsicum annuum L. var. Pusa jwala emitted by Wi-Fi routers. Methods:: For the germination experiment, Chilli seeds were kept in close vicinity (5 cm) of a Wi-- Fi router for 10 days. For growth and biochemical analysis, different growth and biochemical attributes were studied after 21 days of exposure. Control seeds/plants were kept in another room with almost identical conditions like light, temperature, etc. Plant growth was measured in terms of fresh weight, shoot length, root length, leaf length, leaf breadth and leaf area index. In Biochemical analysis, chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, total chlorophyll, soluble protein, lipid peroxidation and proline contents were measured as per standard protocols. Results:: The seed germination in the vicinity of the Wi-Fi router was reduced to 75% and other growth-related parameters like root and shoot length, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area index and fresh weight were significantly reduced. In the biochemical analysis, chlorophyll pigments (Chl. a, b and total chlorophyll) were observed to be reduced by 4.8, 7.2 and 5.7 fold, respectively and protein content reduced by 1.5 fold under the influence of electromagnetic radiations. The product of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) (18 fold) and proline content (10 fold) was found to be increased synergistically. Conclusion:: The electromagnetic radiations emitted by the Wi-Fi router have a negative influence on the growth and biochemical responses in Chilli plants.

Most arid and semiarid areas are bare and greatly infested with intrusive wild species. Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) and Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense Piper.) are the supreme drought-tolerant grasses that are commonly grown in dry regions. Besides water, nitrogen (N) is a vital element limiting the growth, yield, and herbage quality of such grasses since it has key roles in physiological and biochemical functions in plants. Hence, this study aimed at assessing the performance of Buffel and Sudan grasses under nitrogen fertilization in Mandera County. This study comprised a field trial laid as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with grasses being assigned to the main plots, whereas N rates (0, 35, 70, 105, and 140 kg N ha−1) occupied the subplots. Data were collected on growth parameters (plant height, leaf length, number of leaves per plant, leaf width, stem girth, and tiller number), yield parameters (shoot weight, root weight, and aboveground biomass yield—DBY), and quality attributes (acid detergent fiber—ADF, crude protein—CP, and neutral detergent fiber—NDF). Across the seasons, plant height progressively increased with increasing N rates up to a maximum of 141 and 246 cm for Buffel grass and Sudan grass, respectively, which were associated with a 105 kg N ha−1 rate. Nonetheless, there was no noteworthy enhancement in plant height (142 and 246 cm) with an additional upsurge in N fertilizer rate to 140 kg N ha−1 relative to the one of 105 kg N ha−1. Regarding the leaf length, Sudan grass had longer and wider leaves at all treatment levels than the Buffel grass. Plant height, leaf length, width, and the number of leaves per plant increased with increasing N level up to the rate of 140 kg N ha−1, though this was not statistically different from the rate of 105 kg N ha−1 for both kinds of grass. The results revealed that Sudan grass contained higher crude protein than Buffel grass at all levels of treatments (10.33 and 8.80% at the rate of 105 kg N ha−1, respectively). More so, crude protein content was found to be higher in plots where N application was performed than in the control plots. There were great associations between the dependent variables (DBY, ADF, NDF, and CP) and independent variables (plant height, leaf length, No. of leaves, leaf width, stem girth, and No. of tillers), with the coefficient of regression ranging from 0.56 to 0.96 for Buffel grass and 0.59 to 0.96 for Sudan grass. Findings from this study indicate that for optimal growth, yield, and nutrient content benefits, Buffel and Sudan grasses ought to be grown using nitrogen fertilizer at a 105 kg N ha−1 rate.

Nepeta grandiflora M. Bieb. known as aromatic, medicinal, and ornamental plants, whose extracts contain biologically active compounds. The essential oil of this species is a rich source of valuable components. This study aimed to evaluate plants' biological features and the biochemical content of the essential oil of N. grandiflora genotypes grown in the South of Ukraine. Genotypes G1-21, G2-20, G3-22, G4-20, and G5-21 were investigated for morphometric and some biological features in the flowering stage. In the genotype, plants were measured the length and width of inflorescences (in cm), the number of whorls in the inflorescences, the number of flowers in the semi-whorls. The essential oil was obtained from the herb in the flowering stage; the mass fraction of the essential oil was determined by the hydrodistillation method (Ginsberg’s method) on the Clevenger apparatus. The study of the component composition of the essential oil (on the sample G1-21) was carried out by high-performance gas-liquid chromatography method. As a result, the length of the inflorescences was from 10.55 (G5-21) to 33.27 (G4-20) cm, the width of inflorescences from 3.52 (G3-22) to 6.51 (G4-20) cm, the number of whorls in inflorescences from 8.09 (G5-21) to 12.97 (G3-22) cm, number of flowers in semi-whorls from 10.58 (G4-20) to 39.38 (G1-21) depends on genotype. The essential oil content on dry weight was from 0.16 (G4-20) to 0.37 (G1-21) %. The prevailing components of the investigated essential oil of G1-21 were caryophyllene (17.46%) and germacrene D (17.80%); 1,8-cineol (8.83 %), caryophyllene oxide (7.62 %), germacrene D–epoxide (6.73 %), etc. found in less quantitative. Thus, the obtained data concerning the N. grandiflora plants showed differences in essential oil content and selected morphometrical parameters of plants depending on genotype. Also, the essential oil of N. grandiflora (G1-21) contains the principal chemicals that can be used in further pharmacological investigations, cosmetic, and food industries.

Field experiments were initiated and conducted in the period from 2021 to 2023. In the experiments, chelated micro fertilizers were used as leaf treatments in grain sorghum crops in the experimental fields of RosNIISK Rossorgo Federal State Budgetary Research Institution. A reliable effect of chelated preparations on an increase in the breeding and valuable indicators of grain sorghum has been established: the height of sorghum plants at maturity, the length and area of the flag and largest leaves. The average height of plants by varieties in the experimental variants varied from 126.3 to 130.4 cm, which is 6.0-10.1 cm higher than the control variant, the length of the flag leaf varied from 31.3 to 34.7 cm (exceeding the control was 3.6-7.0 cm), the length of the largest leaf was from 46.0 to 52.8 cm, in the control variant the value of the parameter it turned out to be lower by 3.0-9.8 cm. The area of the flag leaf increased on average by varieties in experimental versions from 97.4 to 115.4 cm2 (the difference with the control was 11.4-29.4 cm2), and the largest leaf – from 192.7 to 223.5 cm2 (more control by 33.1-63.9 cm2). The applied chelated micro-fertilizers did not cause a significant increase in the indicator "inflorescence length", although a tendency to increase this feature has been established. Key words: GRAIN SORGHUM, VARIETY, CHELATED MICRO FERTILIZERS, PLANT HEIGHT, LENGTH AND AREA OF THE FLAG AND LARGEST LEAVES, INFLORESCENCE LENGTH

The present investigation was carried out in forty genotypes of ber at the Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (UP) from 2021–22 to 2022–23. Phenotypic correlations were worked out among eighteen characters of Ber to know the nature of the association existing among the characters. The correlation among the quantitative characters was worked out. The length of the fruit was found to be significantly and positively correlated with fruit weight (0.617**), and the width of the fruit exhibited a significant positive correlation with fruit weight (0.853**). Leaf length showed significant positive correlations with length of fruit (0.443*) and a non-significant but positive correlation with weight of fruit and width of fruit. Leaf width showed significant positive correlations with fruit weight (0.794**), length of fruit (0.563**), and leaf length (0.487*). Stone weight has shown significant positive correlations with fruit weight (0.626**) and width of fruit (0.874**), and stone length has shown significant positive correlations with fruit weight (0.440*), leaf width (0.409*), and stone weight (0.584**). Stone width has shown significant positive correlations with leaf length (0.417*), leaf width (0.701**), and stone weight (0.487*). The height of the tree has shown significant positive correlations with length of fruit (0.576**), width of fruit (0.977**), stone length (0.803**), and stone width (0.628**). The stem girth also exhibited a significant positive correlation with fruit weight (0.966**), width of fruit (0.496*), leaf length (0.650**), stone weight (0.397*), and height of the tree (0.406*). Specific gravity has shown significant positive correlations with fruit weight (0.817**). leaf length (0.641**) leaf width (0.424*), stone weight (0.455*), stone length (0.417*), and stone width (0.734**).
 TSS content was also found to be significantly and positively correlated with fruit weight (0.774**), leaf length (0.645**), leaf width (0.970**), stone weight (0.539**), stone length (0.425*), stone width (0.765**), stem girth (0.855**), and specific gravity (0.547**). Total acidity content in fruit was found to be significantly and positively correlated with fruit weight (0.725**), length of fruit (0.882**), width of fruit (0.948**), leaf length (0.809**), leaf width (0.989**), stone weight (0.772**), stone length (0.605**), stone width (0.892**), height of the tree (0.792**), and specific gravity (0.702**). TSS: acid ratio has shown significant positive correlations with fruit weight (0.981**), length of fruit (0.455*), width of fruit (0.963**), leaf length (0.929**), leaf width (0.854**), stone length (0.813**), stone width (0.727**), height of the tree (0.832**), stem girth (0.453*), and specific gravity (0.728** ).Reducing sugar has shown significant positive correlations with fruit weight (0.680**), leaf width (0.821**), stone length (0.835**), stone width (0.503*), height of tree (0.747**), stem girth (0.812**), and TSS acidity ratio (0.410*). Non-reducing sugar has shown significant positive correlations with fruit weight (0.782**), length of fruit (0.999**), width of fruit (0.499*), leaf width (0.482*), stone weight (0.662**), stone length (0.399*), stone width (0.453*), specific gravity (0.488*), and TSS (0.787**). Total sugars have shown significant positive correlations with fruit weight (0.960**). length of fruit (0.412*) leaf length (0.539**), leaf width (0.710**), stone length (0.745**), stone width (0.897**), height of the tree (0.658**), stem girth (0.841**), and acidity (0.584**). Ascorbic acid has shown significant positive correlations between length of fruit (0.938**), leaf width (0.642**), stone length (0.664**), stone width (0.685**), height of tree (0.400**), and specific gravity (0.942**).

The effects of eight different doses (0, 10, 20, 25, 35, 40, 60, and 100 Gy) of acute gamma irradiation on 44 (three varieties of Curcuma alismatifolia: Chiang Mai Red, Sweet Pink, Kimono Pink, and one Curcuma hybrid (Doi Tung 554) individual plants were investigated. Radiation sensitivity tests revealed that the LD50 values of the varieties were achieved at 21 Gy for Chiang Mai Red, 23 Gy for Sweet Pink, 25 Gy for Kimono Pink, and 28 Gy for Doi Tung 554. From the analysis of variance (ANOVA), significant variations were observed for vegetative traits, flowering development, and rhizome characteristics among the four varieties of Curcuma alismatifolia and dose levels as well as the dose × variety interaction. In irradiated plants, the leaf length, leaf width, inflorescence length, the number of true flowers, the number of pink bracts, number of shoots, plant height, rhizome size, number of storage roots, and number of new rhizomes decreased significantly (P < 0.05) as the radiation dose increased. The cophenetic correlation coefficient (CCC) between genetic dissimilarity matrix estimated from the morphological characters and the UPGMA clustering method was r = 0.93, showing a proof fit. In terms of genetic variation among the acutely irradiated samples, the number of presumed alleles revealed by simple sequence repeats ranged from two to seven alleles with a mean value of 3.1, 4.5, and 5.3 alleles per locus for radiation doses of 0, 10, and 20 Gy, respectively. The average values of the effective number of alleles, Nei's gene diversity, and Shannon's information index were 2.5–3.2, 0.51–0.66, and 0.9–1.3, respectively. The constructed dendrogram grouped the entities into seven clusters. Principal component analysis (PCA) supported the clustering results. Consequently, it was concluded that irradiation with optimum doses of gamma rays efficiently induces mutations in Curcuma alismatifolia varieties.

Accessions of Colocasia esculenta L. Schott. cultivars collected from thirteen aroid growing districts were studied for determining their genetic variability under the agromorphological purviews. Plant height, petiole length, petiole breadth, leaf number, leaf length, leaf breadth, LAI, inflorescence length, peduncle length, spathe length, spathe breadth, corm length, corm breadth, cormel number, cormel length, cormel breadth, corm weight, cormel weight, total fresh weight, total dry weight, yield per plant were taken in this study for nature and extent of variability analysis of edible cultivars of Colocasia esculenta L. Schott. Presence of significant differences together with wide ranges of variation in most cultivars indicates wide range of variability existed among the accession as well as local cultivars of this edible aroid. Genotypic variances and coefficient of variation for most of the characters were remarkably higher than their corresponding environmental variances which also indicate the existence of variation in genotypic origin. Key words: Characterization; Mukhikachu; Variability; Corm; Cormel; Colocasia esculenta. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i2.8191 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(2), 235-242, 2011

The article deals with ontogeny and individual and group parameters of an infrequent mountain species Cirsium erisithales (Jacq.) Scop. in the Ukrainian Carpathians. Isolated populations of C. erisithales in a wide high altitudinal range of 1040–1730 m a.s.l. were studied. Four periods and 8 age stages are defined in the ontogeny of this species. Characteristics of different age states are established. The total life span of C. erisithales is long. Unfavourable conditions cause shortening of ontogeny due to reduction or skipping of some periods. Population recruitment is performed by seed reproduction. The species has high parameters of seed reproduction, particularly germination rate and potential seed productivity. Thin-tussock or barren loci are most favourable for the establishment and successful development of seedlings. It is one of the few species, which can inhabit the schist screes. Individual and group parameters of C. erisithales do not significantly depend on the altitude above sea level. It was established that C. erisithales mostly has a low density. It is the highest in the high-mountain population on Mt. Hoverla. The height of generative shoot, width and length of leaf are significantly higher in the population in the place of Babyna Yama. Number of leaves and inflorescences are similar in all of the studied populations. The height of generative shoot is most variable. Percentage of generative group varies within 20–45 %. It was determined that considerable anthropogenic impact (particularly mechanical disturbance of herbaceous vegetation) results in the shrinkage of the area of populations and significant decrease in individual and group parameters, namely height of shoot and width of leaf – by 2, length of leaf – almost by 3, number of leaves – by over 3, real to potential seed productivity ratio – almost by 4, real seed productivity – by 5, number of capitula – almost by 6, harvest of seeds – by 26 times. Factors, which adversely effect the replenishment of C. erisithales are: timber skidding, road laying, recreation, excessive sodding, large land- and rockslides, inflorescense consumption by animals etc.

SUMMARYDiurnal patterns of shoot elongation, obtained by mechanical growth recorders, were compared with those of leaf elongation and stem radius; the relationships of these to environmental factors were studied in the field and in growth chambers.In sunny weather, minimal elongation (or shrinkage) occurred during the mornings, and maximal elongation rates during late afternoons. On rainy days, elongation patterns tended to be undefined.The observed patterns appeared related to diurnal changes in water balance, air temperature and light. There was no evidence of an endogenous rhythm. Rising evaporative demand during sunny mornings resulted in contractions in shoot and leaf lengths and in the thickness of the stem live bark. Re‐expansion occurred in the evening and at night, or during the day when evaporative demand was reduced by cloud cover and rain. Shoots also contracted on frosty nights, but expanded rapidly following thawing early in the mornings. Temperature also positively influenced growth (i.e. irreversible increase in size). Light appeared to inhibit shoot growth in the mornings, but this effect was confounded with the tendency of shoots to shrink in length due to dehydration.Since growth and reversible changes in shoot length often occurred simultaneously in different portions of the same shoot and since the zones of reversible change and growth overlapped, the measurement and analysis of hourly growth responses can be complicated; a distinction must therefore be made between growth (which is irreversible) and elongation (which may include both growth and reversible changes in shoot length).

A sound fundamental knowledge of the agro morphological characteristics of amaranth accessions is crucial for promoting their use in food. This review aims to assess the genetic diversity within the collection to understand the range of genetic variation. Thirty-two agromorphological parameters of Ten amaranth accessions were analyzed in Samanko conditions. Wide variability was present concerning leaf pigmentation (PigF), flower density index (IDF), seed color (CH), and Branching index (IR). Statistical analysis showed significant differences among accessions for morphological characters such as number of plants, leaf width, stem height, terminal inflorescence length of stem, axillary inflorescence length, 50% flowering and 1000 grain weight. It appears that the Axillary Inflorescence (LIA) and the Length of the Terminal Inflorescence are correlated (r = 0.82). Length of the inflorescence terminal of the stem (LITT) and the Length of the Terminal Basal Branches (LITBT) are associated (r = 0.75). Stem height presents a robust correlation (r = 0.447) with 50% flowering date. The length of the inflorescence Axillary was also highly correlated with the length of the inflorescence terminal of the stem (r = 0.904*). Ascending hierarchical classification revealed three distinct classes: C1: Madira 1, Madira 2, A2004, A2002; C2: TP5-sel, N’gourouma, Akeri, AC-NL; C3: AHTI, Akeri. “Akeri.” “TP5-sel,” and “N’gourouma” are associated with the weight of 1000 grains, the length of the terminal branches, and the shape of the terminal inflorescence. “Poly” and “AHTI” are quite similar and are associated with the parameters of the length of basal branches and length of a terminal inflorescence of the stem “Madira 1”; “Madira 2”, “A2004”, “A2002” on the correlation circle indicates that the height of the plants and the 50% flowering date. These results indicate a high possibility of genetic diversity among the amaranth accessions within the collection. The data can be exploited in future breeding programs to improve the species.