가치-신념-규범(VBN) 모델에 기반한 밀키트 소비자의 친환경 의사결정과정 이해

Meal kits in the family setting: Impacts on family dynamics, nutrition, social and mental health

Home chef meal kits: Product attributes, perceived value and repurchasing intentions the moderating effects of household configuration

Consumer demand for meal kits is high and rapidly increasing. The aim of this study was to investigate the status of food and nutrition labeling with focus on the energy, sugars, and sodium levels of meal kit products sold in Korea. This investigation was conducted by visiting the official websites of manufacturers, and the data obtained were compared and evaluated by meal kit and storage types. Prices, total servings, weights, recipes, and cooking times were labeled on more than 90% of all 497 products examined, but only 228 (45.9%) provided nutrition labeling. The percentage of nutrition labeling was the highest for rice dishes at 62.5%, followed by side dishes (48.3%), soups (45.6%), and noodles (37.0%). In addition, the nutrition labeling percentage was significantly higher for refrigerated products (48.9%) than frozen products (46.1%). Average meal kit price and number of servings were 14,670 won and 1.9, and average meal weight and cooking time were 571.3 g and 10.5 min, respectively. Average calorie contents were 129.3 kcal/100 g, and 392.9 kcal/serving. The energy and carbohydrate contents per serving of noodles were significantly higher than those of other products, and the sodium contents of side dishes were significantly lower than those of other meal kits. In particular, average meal kit sodium content was high at 162.6% of the reference value (1/3 of the adequate intake for Korean adults). Furthermore, average sodium content per serving was significantly higher for frozen than refrigerated products. These results show meal kit products with appropriate calorie, sugars, and sodium contents and labeled with nutritional contents should be provided for consumers.

Caregiver and Pediatrician Perspectives on a Meal Kit Delivery Program for Children With Food Insecurity and Obesity: A Qualitative Analysis.

This study applies Norm Activation Theory (NAT) to examine meal kit consumers’ cooking intentions, focusing on how perceived responsibility and personal moral norms influence these intentions during meal preparation. A total of 376 adults with prior experience using meal kits participated in an online survey. The collected data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, reliability testing, correlation analysis, simple regression, and mediation analysis. The findings reveal five key insights. First, awareness of meal preparation significantly reduced perceived burdens related to cooking outcomes, suggesting that consumers who internalize cooking as a moral practice experience less psychological and temporal stress. Second, awareness of cooking outcomes positively influenced the ascription of responsibility, implying that higher awareness reinforces consumers' moral obligation. Third, the ascription of responsibility played a central role in activating personal norms. Fourth, personal norms were strong predictors of cooking intentions, with ascribed responsibility being the most influential antecedent. Fifth, the mediation analysis confirmed that personal norms partially mediated the relationship between responsibility and cooking intention. This study extends the theoretical application of NAT to the domain of food and consumer behavior, interpreting cooking as a morally motivated act. Practically, the findings suggest that meal kit companies should design marketing and branding strategies that reflect consumers’ sense of responsibility and ethical engagement in food preparation.

On a global scale, households are purchasing from meal kit delivery services like HelloFresh and Goodfood at an ever-growing rate. A meal kit promises beginner cooks and busy individuals an affordable, convenient, and approachable option for meal planning and preparation. This paper investigates how meal kit delivery services align and position themselves against other food industry players such as grocery stores, grocery delivery platforms, and online food delivery services, using HelloFresh as a case study. Meal kit delivery services are platforms which operate by intermediating between various parties and generate profit by the expansion of their customer bases through their networks. The goal of this paper is to explore the marketing strategies employed by HelloFresh to yield profit through platform growth and global dominance objectives. To pursue this goal, a walkthrough method on the HelloFresh user interface and a discursive analysis of various company reports and news articles from HelloFresh were conducted. By leveraging the benefits of convenience, affordability, and availability of meal kits, it was found that HelloFresh does not compete with its competitors, but rather with grocery stores, grocery delivery platforms, and online food delivery services. I argue that HelloFresh’s competition strategy successfully positions its services as a desirable alternative to consumers while capturing profit through various avenues and masking shortcomings with its competitors. The findings of this study aim to assist platform scholars with understanding the marketing strategies and multiple avenues of profit generation on meal kit platforms.

ObjectiveTo assess the barriers and facilitators to online food purchasing through a meal kit and grocery shopping website titled NY SNAP Express among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) beneficiaries. MethodsA purposive sample of SNAP-eligible adults residing in New York State participated in interviews guided by the Capabilities, Opportunities, Motivations, and Behaviors Model. ResultsBarriers to online food purchasing among participants (n = 32) include physiological and health conditions, the weight of food, technology, language, the price of foods, transportation challenges, the stigma associated with SNAP, and concerns regarding the quantity and quality of meal kits. Facilitators include health and nutrition improvements, knowledge and skills, saving money, culturally relevant meals, increased efficiency in food purchases and preparation, and customization. Conclusions and ImplicationsOnline platforms such as NY SNAP Express have the potential to increase nutritious food access and resources among SNAP recipients; however, improvements are necessary to meet the needs of its audience.

AimTo assess the feasibility of a family-based dietary intervention study using a meal kit home delivery service, in people at risk of cardio-metabolic disease.MethodsA 12-week dietary intervention feasibility study of adults (termed the index participants) at increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disease, enriched for Māori who are indigenous New Zealanders. The study sample also included the household/whānau members living with the index participant. All participants received a 12 week intervention using weekly home delivery of meal kits and groceries consistent with a Mediterranean dietary pattern. Outcomes were the metabolic syndrome severity score (MetSSS); feasibility and acceptability of the intervention; dietary intake; and other clinical and anthropometric measures.ResultsThere were 29 index participants recruited and in addition, 50 household/whānau members took part in the feasibility study. The mean (SD) household/whānau size was 3.45 (1.4) people, and the mean (SD) number of people in each household/whānau who participated in the study was 2.84 (1.2). The feasibility of intervention to households/whānau was proven in this context. The mean (SD) change in MetSSS was 0.03 (0.33), N = 27, P = 0.69 and there was a statistically significant decrease in body weight of 1.37 kg (95% CI 0.11 to 2.62), p = 0.034. The food deliveries were well received, the dinner kits more so than the grocery items.ConclusionIt is feasible to recruit individuals and households/whānau to a family-based dietary intervention. Use of a meal kit home delivery service to provide food which is consistent with the intervention dietary pattern was well received. This feasibility study identified improvements to be made such as nutrition behaviour change support, more variety in food provided, more recipes, and better matching of food quantity to family size.Trial registrationANZCTR—ACTRN12621000856819p registered 2.JUN.2021 https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=382021&isReview=true

<p><strong>The IPCC states in its latest, 6th synthesis report that human activities have ‘unequivocally’ resulted in a rise in the surface temperature of the earth, inducing changes in the atmosphere, oceans, cryosphere and biosphere which have had adverse effects on both the natural world and humanity (IPCC, 2023). In order to limit warming to 1.5oC, the IPCC posits that annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions must decrease by 45% of their 2010 levels by 2030, and drop to net zero by 2050 (Masson-Delmotte et al., 2019). At present, 65% of global GHG emissions can be directly and indirectly linked to consumption within households (Ivanova et al., 2016). Consequently, individuals can have a profound effect on the levels of GHG’s emitted into the atmosphere. Thus, changing individual behaviour within households represents a significant leverage point (Ivanova et al., 2016; Pörtner et al., 2022). It is known that further actions may be taken by individuals to reduce the carbon footprint of households (Hall et al., 2018; Steg, 2018). However, it remains unclear how to induce individuals to undertake such additional pro-environmental behaviours.</strong></p><p>Currently, climate change policies have recruited economic understandings of behaviour to design interventions that incorporate fiscal motivations and deterrents as part of their structure (Cooper, 2011). For example, emission trading schemes (ETS), initially envisaged within the Kyoto Protocol, have been separately engineered in different regions of the world (Leining et al., 2020; Skjærseth & Wettestad, 2008; X.-Q. Wang et al., 2022). These policies have had negative consequences in the form of furthering existing inequities between countries (Liverman, 2009), as well as issues in quantifying their additionality as compared to a business-as-usual scenario (Teixidó et al., 2019; Verde, 2020). Furthermore, ETS are necessarily targeted at the social actors who participate in the engineered markets, rendering such policies ineffective for directly targeting the 65% of global GHG emissions embodied in individual/household behaviours.</p><p>The research in this PhD steps away from economic understandings of (environmental) behaviour, to explore the utility of other conceptualizations of human action. The work done here examines theories from environmental psychology and behavioural economics, to explore how psychological phenomena such as attitudes, and binds on rationality such as the recruitment of heuristics, direct decision making in relation to environmental issues. By examining alternative drivers of behaviour, it is hoped that different environmental policies directly targeting behaviour within households could be designed in the future.</p><p>Prior to the work undertaken here, the multitude of hypothesised determinates of environmental behaviour precluded the effective integration of alternative perspectives from environmental psychology and behavioural economics into policy discourses. As Shove (2010, pp. 1275) pointed put there was no ‘obvious limit to the number of possible determinants and no method of establishing their…precise role in promoting or preventing different behaviours’. Through the course of this research, multiple models of human behaviour from within and between the disciplines of environmental psychology and behavioural economics have been interrogated. These models have been examined in relation to both self-reported and observed measures of individuals’ environmental action, in an effort to delimit the critical determinates of pro-environmental behaviour - and curtail the number of possible pre-cursors lamented by Shove.</p><p>The first set of studies undertaken as part of this doctoral research focused on models of behaviour from environmental psychology. The numeracy of the models recruited within environmental psychology to explain behaviour ensured there existed considerable redundancy between these concerning the variables they incorporated into their structures. For example, biospheric values are cited in the norm activation model (Schwartz, 1977), value belief norm theory (Stern, 2000), and recent models concerning an individual’s connection to nature (Martin & Czellar, 2017). Work was initially undertaken to create a database documenting solely the variables from within these models. This was done for clarity, and to eliminate the aforementioned redundancy. Individual meta-analyses were run for each of the psychological variables to generate an effect size estimate for each. Effects size estimates were then compared between the psychological variables, to determine which of these correlated most strongly with pro-environmental actions and intentions. The five key variables with the largest (lower-bound) effect size estimates for both pro-environmental intentions and behaviour were revealed to be: attitudes, perceived behavioural control, injunctive norms, descriptive norms, and personal moral norms. Following the meta-analyses, an online study was run to investigate whether participants’ reported: attitudes, perceived behavioural control, injunctive norms, descriptive norms, and personal moral norms, were related to an observed (as opposed to a self-reported) measure of pro-environmental action. This was done to determine whether the results obtained in the meta-analyses were robust when participants could not simply report their own actions. In the online study, participants were asked how much (real) money they would like to donate to an environmental charity (the ‘Clean Air Task Force’), to observed directly whether they behaved in alignment with their proclaimed environmental beliefs, attitudes and norms. Regression analyses and structural equation modelling revealed that personal moral norms were the most critical antecedent to the observed measure of pro-environmental behaviour, with attitudes and injunctive norms also demonstrating strong relationships with monetary donations. Perceived behavioural control and descriptive norms did not demonstrate a significant direct association with participants’ charitable donation behaviours.</p><p>In a final online experiment, insights regarding human behaviour from behavioural economics were introduced. The experiment took place over two time points. At the first point in time, the three psychological variables that previously exhibited significant direct relationships with participants’ observed monetary donations (attitudes, injunctive norms and personal norms), were elicited from participants’, and their influence over behaviour was assessed in comparison with the effects of a social norms nudge. This investigation was undertaken to evaluate whether critical ingrained psychological variables (attitudes, injunctive norms and personal norms) were associated with environmental behaviour to a lesser or greater extent than an applied nudge, which manipulated the salient social norm and thus operated through the activation of a simple imitation heuristic within participants. At the second point in time the longevity of the effect of the social norms manipulation was investigated. This was done by comparing the subsequent behaviour of participants who were, and were not, exposed to the social norm nudge in part one. At time two, behaviour was evaluated in relation to the same action as before, and also in relation to a second action from a different domain of environmental behaviour. Discrepancies between participants’ who had, or had no prior exposure to the social norms manipulation at time one, were used to comment on the temporal and behavioural spillover effects of the social norms manipulation. At the first point in time, only the three psychological variables (attitudes, injunctive norms and personal norms) exhibited a significant association with the observed environmental behaviour. No effect over behaviour of the social norms nudge was observed at time one. The lack of significant influence demonstrated by the social norms nudge at time one, portended the lack of spillover effects detected for the nudge at time two. This research demonstrated the central importance of personal moral norms, attitudes, and injunctive norms for determining individuals’ substantive pro-environmental behaviours. This thesis advanced previous work by (i) using meta-analyses to summarise and compare the relationships between numerous heterogeneous psychological determinates of pro-environmental action, and self-reported environmental intentions and behaviours; (ii) advancing theory by using structural equation modelling to demonstrated that personal moral norms were more closely affiliated with an observed measure of environmental behaviour than other variables such as attitudes; and (iii) revealing the critical determinates of pro-environmental action in order to design appropriately targeted behaviour change intervention policies: the variables that most closely correlated with observed pro-environmental acts were not nudge interventions, but instead individuals internalised moral norms and attitudes. The results of this work are necessarily limited to some extent by the methodological decisions made in service of achieving the ambitions of this doctoral research. The chosen observed behaviour (charitable giving), the selected nudge (provision of information concerning a social norm), and the techniques used to elicit participant responses (online questionnaire), all represent valid techniques and constraints on the broader applicability of my findings. These should be taken into consideration when extrapolating any results of this work to alternative scenarios.</p>

Through this study, it is possible to understand the influence relationship between meal kit selection attributes and customer satisfaction and purchase intention, and to understand the importance and satisfaction of consumer groups necessary for new product development. After identifying the needs, it is thought that new products and marketing methods can be developed. In previous studies, it was said that convenience and purchase intention among the HMR product selection attribute factors had an effect, but in this study, it was verified that there was no relationship between convenience and purchase intention among the meal kit product selection attribute factors. In future meal kit studies, follow-up studies should be conducted after supplementing these points. A total of 266 copies of the survey in this study were used for analysis, and 〈H1-1〉 found that convenience among the selection attribute factors had a significant positive (+) effect on customer satisfaction. 〈H-3〉 was found to have a significant positive (+) effect between customer satisfaction and purchase intention. Therefore, value, diversity, and health did not affect customer satisfaction and purchase intention.

One in three or three in one: Integrating three competing theoretical models (TPB, VIP, and PADM) to explain the intentions to act/actions against climate change

Investigating Orchard Men's Behavioral Intentions of Dashtestan County toward Water Conservation Using Stern Value-Belief-Norm Theory

The role of value, belief and norm in shaping intentions to use residential rooftop solar for environment sustainability

This study aimed to investigate how personal and social norms affect customer engagement with social media that promote environmentally sustainable behaviors. A self-administered survey of potential participants was conducted. Hypothesized relationships were tested using structural equation modeling and multigroup analysis. The findings confirmed the strong positive effect of social norms on customer engagement; this engagement had a significant influence on brand commitment and sustainable behavior. The moderating roles of social rewards were indicated by significantly greater effects of social norms on customer engagement in the high social reward group.

The number of motor vehicles in Indonesia has increased from 2019 to 2021. This has led to emissions of exhaust gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), which damage air quality and harm the environment. The automotive industry in Indonesia has shifted to adopt environmentally friendly technology, but public interest in electric vehicles remains low. This research aims to analyze the influence of social media marketing on the purchase intention of electric vehicles. The research model is developed from the theory of planned behavior using two intervening variables, namely personal attitude and subjective norms. This study uses a structural equation modelling approach to test the constructs and hypotheses. The results of this study indicate that social media marketing has a positive impact on the purchase intention of electric vehicle products in Indonesia, both directly and indirectly, considering personal attitude and subjective norms. Future research could conduct comparative studies between countries and explore the influence of specific social media platforms, as well as the role of influencers in increasing purchase intention for electric vehicles. More specific market segmentation and research on content quality and engagement are also needed. Jumlah kendaraan bermotor di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan dari tahun 2019 hingga 2021. Hal ini menyebabkan emisi gas buang, seperti karbon dioksida (CO2) dan nitrogen oksida (NOx) yang merusak kualitas udara dan membahayakan lingkungan. Industri otomotif di Indonesia telah berubah untuk mengadopsi teknologi ramah lingkungan, tetapi minat masyarakat terhadap kendaraan listrik masih rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh social media marketing terhadap purchase intention kendaraan listrik. Model penelitian dikembangkan dari theory of planned behavior dengan menggunakan dua variabel intervening, yaitu personal attitude dan subjective norms. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan structural equation modelling untuk munguji konstruk dan hipotesis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa social media marketing berdampak positif terhadap purchase intention produk kendaraan listrik di Indonesia secara langsung dan tidak langsung dengan mempertimbangkan personal attitude dan subjective norms seseorang. Penelitian selanjutnya dapat melakukan studi komparatif antar negara dan mengeksplorasi pengaruh platform media sosial spesifik, serta peran influencer dalam meningkatkan purchase intention pada kendaraan listrik. Segmentasi pasar yang lebih spesifik dan penelitian mengenai kualitas konten serta engagement juga diperlukan.