住宅地の環境形成において環境ノイズが果たす役割についての研究--『環境ノイズガイドマップ』の作成に向けて

Although transportation systems are an increasing necessity in today's connected world, the over-reliance on internal combustion engine vehicles has caused an increase in air and noise pollution. Air and noise pollutions are among the negative environmental factors that contribute to disease occurrence due to their negative health consequences. Literature has showed that air and noise pollutions were responsible for thousands of premature deaths in Europe. This has pushed scientists to search for models to calculate the effect of traffic on air and noise pollution, to help predict future scenarios, and to work on ways to mitigate that increase in pollution. In this paper, a statistical model is done by using data measured for 25 speed bump locations in Kuwait, which included traffic flow data in the form of vehicle count and classification, as well as noise level measurements taken through an Amprobe SM20 sound meter, in addition to air pollutant data obtained from the Environment Public Authority (EPA) in Kuwait. The results of the multivariate linear regression model showed that high traffic counts resulted in significantly higher noise levels, reaching more than 70 decibels in certain locations, which is considered unhealthy for extended time periods. The model also showed that sulfur dioxide levels were impacted by both light and heavy vehicles, while particulate matter less than 10µm was affected mainly by heavy vehicles. An online survey on speed bumps was completed by 803 participants to understand the behavior of people at speed bumps in Kuwait and understand if age and gender might be a predictor of how people would behave, and this was done by doing Pearson's chi-squared correlation tests on the results obtained from the survey.

One of the persistent environmental issues today is high noise levels in residential areas especially in the developing countries. There are several unorganized informal sector activities such as recreational, road traffic, household and religious activities, operation of power generating sets, incompatible uses in space among others that are the sources of noise pollution in residential areas. A number of empirical studies have been carried out on the impact of noise on residential property values. However, one finds it very difficult to ascertain whether noise pollution affects residential property value in Enugu Urban. The aim of this study is to ascertain whether noise pollution has significant influence on residential rental values in the study area. The study has discovered that residential properties affected by noise pollution have lower rental value compared to those unaffected by 3.1% of its rental value. The study has provided some insight to guide property buyers or users, investors, property managers, and valuers as regards property transactions. The study has suggested that property value spatial index of noise pollution in the study area can be built and use as a guide for urban management strategy to achieve sustainable development.

The intensity of traffic flows increases every year and intensifies its impact significantly on urban territory's ecologic situation and natural environment. In Ukrainian cities, the growth of noise pollution is quite a topical problem as it has a significant impact on the environment because of the increase in car numbers. Traffic flow intensity and densification of the built-up area cause the increase of the noise level. As analytical methods of calculation of determination of traffic noise level have several disadvantages, then for assessing the level of noise on arterial streets of Lviv city, research is carried out with consideration of traffic flow indicators. One of the critical criteria that have an impact on noise pollution in the urban environment is traffic flow composition. Conducted research indicates that the speed of traffic flow creates significant noise pollution, especially on those streets where cobblestone is a road pavement. Freight and passenger transport that moves along arterial streets causes the increase of noise level and increases its impact on the city territory. On sections of arterial streets in peak periods of the day with high values of volume-capacity ratio and general share of freight and public transport of more than 30% in a flow, the noise exceeds the acceptable norms and has a harmful impact on the environment. That is why it is necessary to assess noise pollution and the development of protection measures from noise during the planning and construction of some urban regions or residential areas. It is established that to lower the noise level on streets, it is necessary to consider existing intersections of arterial streets and the regime of movement on them. To lower transport noise, it is necessary to distribute freight and transit transport by city streets more rationally, use qualitative public transport, and limit the maximal speed regime on city streets. Further research on the road network will provide an opportunity to assess the noise level distribution of traffic flows in Lviv city. It will help to determine the problem places and propose methods of combating traffic noise.

This study sets out to examine user’s housing satisfaction among residents of Owerri Municipal Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. Users in the context of the study refer to tenants and landlords who occupy and use the premises on daily basis. It is a well-known fact that users of residences in the study area often complain of rising rents, especially in the way and manner that landlords raise these rents without recourse to due process. The inadequate provision of basic amenities like electricity, water supply, sanitary facilities, safety measures, security apparatus and housing maintenance, leave much to be desired. The study adopted qualitative and quantitative statistical approaches. A sample size of 100 was adopted. The study found that noise pollution and lack of access to essential services were major factors affecting housing satisfaction in the study area. The study revealed that tenants tend to relocate to other accommodations when confronted with challenges of dissatisfactions. Some of this dissatisfaction comes from noise pollution, landlord or his agent’s character, poor neighbourhood character and poor access to basic needs including telecommunication network. It concluded that so many inconsistencies in housing design, construction, location, management and interactions within the neighbourhood of the house raise questions with satisfaction. It recommended that non-governmental organizations and indeed the organized private sector should work with government to provide varieties of affordable housing in the study area.

Traffic noise has been recognized as a serious threat to the quality of life in most industrialised nations. Klang valley is rapidly emerging as industrialized and urbanized city and has started facing severe noise pollution problems. Urban noise quality assessment is studied in three residential areas; Desa Tun Razak, Kinrara Court and Taman Sentul Utama. Noise pollution indices of L10, L50, L90, Lmax and Lmin as well as equivalent continuous noise level (Leq) were measured for all dwellings. Noise indices results illustrate that Desa Tun Razak recorded the highest values of noise levels among three studied sites. Results also indicate that the highest Leq of 75.7 dB(A) was observed in Desa Tun Razak followed by 74.3 dB(A) in Kinrara Court, and 72.1 dB(A) in Taman Sentul Utama. The noise assessment study clearly reveals the alarming condition of noise pollution in residential areas of Klang Valley as the noise level measured exceeded permissible limit by WHO and Malaysia Guidelines.

ObjectiveDessie is the trade center for northeast Ethiopia. High traffic flow plus overacting of promotion made the city noisy. There is a shortage of relevant evidence that enforces policy makers to design intervention plans. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the health-risky road traffic noise pollution in Dessie City, Ethiopia.MethodsThe study was conducted by purposive selection of the study area and sampling sites of the city from May 31, 2021 –June 6, 2021. Noise level recordings were taken by a digital Sound Meter and location data was collected by Global Positioning System. Residential, health facility, commercial, and mixed sites were identified by field observation. A total of 20 noise sampling points were included. The sampling points were selected by considering World Health Organization guideline. The measurements were taken twice a day at peak hours, between 8:00–11:00am and 4:00–7:00pm on all days of the week. The sound level meter was placed at a height of 1.5m and 2m from the curb. A total of 280 sound level records were conducted over one week.ResultsAmong twenty noise recording sites, more than 50% of them registered as excessive noisy sites for all types of site categories (health facility, residential, commercial, and mixed areas). For the seven days, average noise recordings were in the range of 66–72 dB at 83% of mixed areas; 33% of health facilities; 25% of residential areas, and 86% of commercial areas. The highest levels of noise pollution were seen at the Bus-station, Buanbuawuha Square, Tekuam, Arada, Ethio General Hospital, Ersha-seble, and Menafesha areas.ConclusionThis study shows that the average noise level measurement within a week exceeded the permissible limits set by Ethiopia and the World Health Organization. It helps for policy development and timely actions against noise pollution and as baseline information for further investigation.

Noise pollution in hospitals is recognized as a serious health hazard. Considering this, the current study aimed to map the noise pollution levels and to explore the self reported non-auditory effects of noise in a tertiary medical institute. The study was conducted in an 1800-bedded tertiary hospital where 27 sites (outdoor, indoor, road side and residential areas) were monitored for exposure to noise using Sound Level Meter for 24h. A detailed noise survey was also conducted around the sampling sites using a structured questionnaire to understand the opinion of the public regarding the impact of noise on their daily lives. The equivalent sound pressure level (Leq) was found higher than the permissible limits at all the sites both during daytime and night. The maximum equivalent sound pressure level (Lmax) during the day was observed higher (>80dB) at the emergency and around the main entrance of the hospital campus. Almost all the respondents (97%) regarded traffic as the major source of noise. About three-fourths (74%) reported irritation with loud noise whereas 40% of respondents reported headache due to noise. Less than one-third of respondents (29%) reported loss of sleep due to noise and 8% reported hypertension, which could be related to the disturbance caused due to noise. Noise levels in and around the hospital was well above the permissible standards. The recent Global Burden of Disease highlights the increasing risk of non communicable diseases. The non-auditory effects studied in the current work add to the risk factors associated with non communicable diseases. Hence, there is need to address the issue of noise pollution and associated health risks specially for vulnerable population.

Noise pollution is a serious and complex city problem. While there are objective, measurable parameters for noise mapping assessments, since the effects of noise are also subjectively perceived, it has been difficult to accurately evaluate the urban problems and conflicts arising from noise. Urban noise and its perception is related to the quality of life; thus its analysis is can provide useful insights for decision-makers. Therefore, through an analysis of online media content, the paper presents local the attitudes in Szeged towards urban noise. During the analysis different noise categories and the city’s noise characteristics were determined. Even though the noise pollution in residential areas was found to be mainly concentrated in the city centre, it also affected more remote areas, and social problems and political discourses were also identified. Besides the noise of urban traffic, Szeged people appeared to be disturbed by noise related to leisure activities, such as urban (and university) programs and festival noise, which indicated that noise reduction efforts should be focus on more than just the reduction of traffic noise.

The present research aims to evaluate the level of noise pollution in different regions in Sirajganj District Town. 7 distinct zones and 40 places were identified in Sirajganj District Town according to land use criteria. A sound level meter (REED SD-4023) was utilized to assess noise levels in Sirajganj District Town from January 1, 2021, to April 30, 2021. Multiple samples were taken at each sampling location. The noise levels were assessed regularly three times at each sampling site. The mean noise pollution level and Leq of Sirajganj District Town were found to be 73.42 dBA and 98.27 dBA, respectively. The recorded mean and Leq values were 73.61 dBA and 84.13 dBA for silent areas, 71.67 dBA and 105.35 dBA for residential areas, 73.51 dBA and 100.89 dBA for mixed areas, 71.52 dBA and 80.63 dBA for commercial areas, 74.91 dBA and 100.51 dBA for industrial areas, 73.93 dBA and 86.81 dBA for road intersections, and 74.81 dBA and 86.46 dBA for village areas, respectively. The hierarchy of various land uses according to mean noise levels is as follows: Industrial Area > Village Area > Road Intersection > Silent Area > Mixed Areas > Residential Area > Commercial Area. The three places with the greatest noise pollution levels were Jubil Building (109.32 dBA), Mowla Box Daal Mill (109 dBA), and Vasani Road (97.32 dBA). Conversely, the three areas with the lowest noise pollution levels were Sirajganj Bus Terminal (69.69 dBA), Masum Para (69.82 dBA), and DC Office (70.51 dBA), as determined by Leq. The study revealed that the noise levels at all sampling locations were above the national standard.

Transport conveys substantial socioeconomic benefits. It is a vital sector that facilitates progressive developments in economy of a nation. Advantages derived from transportation sector are vital in the integration of various regions and sectors of the economy of nations. Despite this advantage, one of the negative externalities it exhibits is noise pollution ‘an unwanted and undesirable sound’. Excessive noise in an environment is identified to constitute the most disturbing among the city pollutants and this is a serious urban crisis in Akure. This study ascertains the level of awareness of the users of transport services on the impact of transportation on the environment in Akure South LGA. and determines the effects of Noise pollution on the residents in the study area. Noise level measurement was done using a PCE-322A sound level meter and direct interview was conducted with residents and other road users. Noise data were collected at different time intervals to find out the variation of sound levels. Based on the findings, respondents reported that the most disturbing period of the day was evening (peak period) between 3 pm and 5.00 pm. The findings revealed that the level of awareness of negative effects of noise pollution is significantly low. The study recommended that pubic needs to be sensitized on the negative externalities of vehicular noise pollution and the need to curtail it.

Transport conveys substantial socioeconomic benefits. It is a vital sector that facilitates progressive developments in economy of a nation. Advantages derived from transportation sector are vital in the integration of various regions and sectors of the economy of nations. Despite this advantage, one of the negative externalities it exhibits is noise pollution ‘an unwanted and undesirable sound’. Excessive noise in an environment is identified to constitute the most disturbing among the city pollutants and this is a serious urban crisis in Akure. This study ascertains the level of awareness of the users of transport services on the impact of transportation on the environment in Akure South LGA. and determines the effects of Noise pollution on the residents in the study area. Noise level measurement was done using a PCE-322A sound level meter and direct interview was conducted with residents and other road users. Noise data were collected at different time intervals to find out the variation of sound levels. Based on the findings, respondents reported that the most disturbing period of the day was evening (peak period) between 3 pm and 5.00 pm. The findings revealed that the level of awareness of negative effects of noise pollution is significantly low. The study recommended that pubic needs to be sensitized on the negative externalities of vehicular noise pollution and the need to curtail it.

Noise pollution arises as a severe problem to the community and ground transportation has highly impacted noise environment of the neighbourhood. In the present study, six stations were selected from three different locations in order to assess the traffic noise impact among residential area along Jalan Kluang, Batu Pahat. The objectives of this study focused on two main stages: (1) determination of noise indices; and (2) assessment of traffic noise impact. The noise indices such as equivalent continuous noise level (LAeq), noise level exceeded 10% (L10), 90% (L90) and the maximum noise level (LAFmax) of peak hours measurement time were determined using sound level meter (SLM) at all six stations. Besides, traffic noise index (TNI) and noise pollution level (LNP) were calculated based on the measured noise indices to expose the traffic noise impact. Overall, the result of the present study showed that residential area faces traffic noise disturbance partially whereby 50% of the stations exceeded the DOE standard which was 55dBA. Nevertheless, the residents living nearby Jalan Kluang are commonly facing traffic noise nuisance, but stations located further inside residential areas tend to have more residential background noises apart from traffic influence.

Environmental noise has been linked to negative health outcomes, like poor sleep, poor mental health, and cardiovascular disease, and likely accounts for more than 1 million disability-adjusted life years annually in Western Europe. Adolescence may be a particularly sensitive period for noise exposure due to an increased need for sleep, failure to meet sleep guidelines, and increased risk for first onset of some mental health disorders. However, the potential health effects of living in high-noise environments have not been studied in US adolescents, rarely in European adolescents, and mental health outcomes studied have not corresponded to diagnoses from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Using a US-based nationally representative survey of urban adolescents (N = 4,508), we estimated associations of day-night average sound levels exceeding the US Environmental Protection Agency's 55 decibel limit with sleep outcomes and lifetime mental health DSM diagnoses. We implemented doubly robust targeted minimum loss-based estimation coupled with propensity score matching to account for numerous potential adolescent, household, and environmental confounders. Living in a high- versus low-noise Census block group was associated with later bedtimes on weeknights (0.48 hours, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.15, 1.12) and weekend nights (0.65 hours, 95% CI = 0.37, 0.93), but not with total hours slept. Associations between living in a high- versus low-noise Census block group and mental disorders were mixed, with wide CIs, and not robust to sensitivity analyses. We find evidence for an association between residence in a high-noise area and later bedtimes among urban adolescents but no consistent evidence of such an association with mental health disorders.

Urbanization and industrialization present significant challenges to public health, particularly in managing environmental noise pollution. This study addresses the critical issue of noise pollution at the study area by developing a comprehensive noise map that encompasses industrial zones, construction sites, and areas with heavy traffic. Utilizing ArcGIS modeling software, the research visualizes the spatial dynamics of noise pollution, resulting in a detailed map that represents noise levels throughout the area. The analysis reveals that noise levels during weekday peak hours average 70.5 dBA, markedly higher than the 65.5 dBA average recorded during weekend peak hours. During weekdays morning peak, noise levels indicate three monitoring points in the red zone, two in the yellow zone, and five in the green zone. Notably, noise levels at all ten monitoring locations during weekdays peak hours exceeded the maximum permissible sound level of 60 dBA set by the Department of Environment for residential and commercial areas. These findings contribute to the development of targeted noise mitigation strategies and serve as a valuable resource for environmental authorities, policymakers, and urban planners. This research underscores the importance of a comprehensive approach to addressing environmental noise pollution and provides a practical framework for urban areas facing similar challenges.

The Associations Between Urban Traffic Emissions on Myocardial Infarction Risk