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Health professions education (HPE) has increasingly turned to qualitative methodology to address a number of the field's difficult research problems. While several different methodologies have been widely accepted and used in HPE research (e.g., Grounded Theory), others remain largely unknown. In this methodology paper, we discuss the value of narrative analysis (NA) as a set of analytic approaches that offer several lenses that can support HPE scholars' research. After briefly discussing the 'narrative turn' in research, we highlight five NA lenses: holistic, situated, linguistic, agentive and sequential. We explore what each lens can offer HPE scholars-highlighting certain aspects of the data-and how each lens is limited-obscuring other aspects. To support these observations, we offer an example of each lens from contemporary HPE scholarship. The manuscript also describes methods that can be employed in NA research and offers two different typologies of NA methods that can be used to access these lenses. We conclude with a discussion of how different analytic methods can be used to harness each of the lenses. We urge the deliberate selection and use of NA methods and point to the inherent partiality of any NA approach. Reflecting on our position as narrative scholars, we acknowledge how our own lenses illuminate some areas and conceal others as we tell the story of NA. In conclusion, we invite other researchers to benefit from the potential NA promises.

In recent years, a change in narrative and identity analysis, which Georgakopoulou has called “a ‘new’ narrative turn” (2006, p. 129), has been observed. This term refers to a shift of focus from the traditional “big stories”, i.e., narratives as a well-defined and delineated genre with an identifiable structure, towards non-canonical “small stories” (Bamberg, 2004). In this article, I will discuss a “small story” in terms of identity negotiation. The data are taken from a larger ethnographic conversation-analytical study of a group of German adolescent girls, who interactively negotiate and construe group and gender identity through their categorization and disaffiliation from various out-groups. I will illustrate this phenomenon by drawing on concepts such as positioning analysis (Davies & Harré, 1990), identities-in-interaction (Antaki & Widdicombe, 1998), and membership categorization (Sacks, 1992). Besides discussing content-related aspects of the sequence the small story is embedded in, I will analyze the structure of it employing elements of traditional narrative models such as that proposed by Labov and Waletzky (1967) and combine them with elements that belong exclusively to the interactive construction of “small stories”. At the end of my analysis, I will draw on Quasthoff’s model of narratives-in-interaction (2001) to argue that in close-knit groups of friends, small stories at times only minimally deviate from the ongoing turn-by-turn-talk.

Narratives are primary modes in human communication and engagement across cultures and have been used as key analytical tools in numerous disciplinary fields. While defining what a narrative is, how many units it contains and so forth has been a daunting task in narratological studies, it is important to emphasize that, since the narrative turn in the 1980s, narratives have been appreciated not only for their content, or “denotational text,” but also for their pragmatic effects in the here-and-now of speech participants’ interactions, or their “interactional text.” More specifically, linguistic anthropologists and sociolinguists consider narratives-as-practices instead of relying only on narratives-as-texts. From the classic Labovian model, in which narrative units are key elements for a narrative to be considered as such, to the more pragmatic and discursive approaches to narratives, many theoretical advancements have been made in this field. A linguistic anthropological analysis of a set of narratives collected in northern Italy (2003–2023) and in the United States (2017–2023) illustrates these discursive and pragmatic approaches to storytelling. These analyses demonstrate that narratives are interactional events in which their sociocultural surrounding is fluid and unpredictable, and, crucially, it always influences the story in significant ways as it unfolds in interaction. In this respect, while the narrative model elaborated by William Labov in the 1960s has been widely used, linguistic anthropologists and sociolinguists have meaningfully advanced this field by adding an important pragmatic layer to their narrative theories and analyses. In their view, narratives need to include not only the sociocultural context in which they are told but, importantly, speech participants’ contributions during the storytelling event. Within this analytical and theoretical framework, scholars can unveil narrative patterns that would remain covert otherwise, such as the various spatiotemporal (or chronotopic) configurations that are encapsulated in the collected stories. In this sense, participants’ past stories can become part of the here-and-now interaction. Thus, narratives hardly have a clear division between the past story and the present storytelling event, which, at times, conflate and become one.

The far reaching changes in reading practices associated with the explosive spread of screen culture have become a challenge both for specialists faced with the outflow of readers from libraries and the decline of in print circulation, and for researchers who need to conceptualize these changes from a theoretical perspective. The aim of the article is to identify possible points of growth for interdisciplinary research into the phenomenon of reading.The presentations at the 4th International Scholarly and Practice Conference “Homo legens in the past and present”, held on 23—25 March 2023 in Novosibirsk and Nizhny Tagil in inperson and remote formats, are reviewed. The event was attended by scholars representing various academic disciplines (cultural history, book studies, sociology, philology, library science, art studies, pedagogy, psychology) and specialists engaged in serving readers and popularizing reading.The method of thematic analysis allowed to identify five trends in studying of reading and reading practices: 1) the use of theoretical approaches inherent in various socio-humanitarian disciplines, which are applicable to the understanding of reading activity; 2) the study of historical aspects of reading; 3) studies formed by representatives of contemporary socio-humanitarian knowledge, who study the phenomenon of reading with the orientation on the use their findings in professional practices; 4) transformations produced by librarians and educators who implement various socio-cultural projects to promote reading; 5) the development of science at the intersection of art studies, literary studies, cultural studies and museum practices. Since the reading is the most important practice that provides the mass audience with socially meaningful information, the authors believe that the scholarly forum, which brought together specialists related to the study of the Reading Man, should serve not only to demonstrate the already achieved scholarly and practice-based results, but also to form the prospects for further research on reading as a complex interdisciplinary phenomenon.This review may be helpful both to scholars and practitioners to working in the field of book and library science to engage readers.

[1] Does narrative musical analysis still need to be defended? For Michael Klein and Nicholas Reyland, the answer is emphatically "no." Their new collection of essays, Music and Narrative Since 1900, promotes the value of narrative analysis-and the impulse to do it-as simple common sense:Since we know it is productive to speak about musical narrative, the primary question asked in this collection concerns what has happened to musical narrative since 1900. (x)Such confidence in the narrative approach-unthinkable in the 1990s-comes across as perfectly reasonable today, especially in the wake of Byron Almen's A Theory of Musical Narrative (2008), which rigorously counters the most common objections to narrative analysis. Thus Klein-in a characteristically whimsical opening essay-fancifully invokes a world in which the pent-up anxiety from three decades of critical onslaught simply vanishes: "those tiresome arguments about music's failures of diegesis, representation, temporality, agency, and causality are rendered moot with the wave of a wand" (3).[2] Klein might find this magic wand especially handy for Peter Kivy's Antithetical Arts. Kivy has been arguing against the concept of narrative in absolute music for quite some time, and he isn't ready to watch a narrative victory parade without spreading a bit of rain:For more years than I care to remember, I have defended against all comers...enhanced formalism: the view that absolute music, music without text, title, or program, pure instrumental music, in other words, is to be understood and appreciated as a structure of sound, sometimes an expressive structure of sound, without either representational, narrative, or semantic content. (201)He describes Antithetical Arts as possibly his "last effort in the cause," which he has defended "with a confidence sometimes approaching a kind of evangelical zeal" (201).[3] Before we see how narrative fares amidst the chaotic diversity of the twentieth century, then, we might first take notice of Kivy's objections. As most readers will know, Kivy has approached music mainly as a philosopher; he is not typically concerned with the day-to-day mechanics of music theory and analysis. But Antithetical Arts is unique in that it includes a middle section-the heart of the book, really-that launches extensive, lacerating critiques of specific narrative analyses by some of the most prominent analysts in the field: Fred Everett Maus, Anthony Newcomb, Jenefer Robinson, and Gregory Karl.(1)[4] The entire book is written in Kivy's trademark prose: witty, intelligent, and exceptionally clear. But for anyone sympathetic with the narrative approach, it is a deeply frustrating read. To begin, many "narrativists" will find that Kivy has fundamentally misunderstood what they do and why they do it. Here, for instance, Kivy explains why analysts identify agents and personae in music:The musical persona performs, really, two functions for the narrativist: to give to absolute music a fictional content that is supposed to account for its artistic substance and interest, at least in part; and to explain how absolute music is capable, which such theorists claim it is, of arousing what I have been calling the "garden-variety" emotions-love, happiness, fear, melancholy, anger, and a few other such. (101)While I don't doubt that some theorists have thought about musical personae in just these ways, it hardly represents the way most theorists think about their work. The principal concern of narrative analysts, typically, is not to explain the value or emotional impact of a particular piece-which is usually taken as a given-but to offer new ways of thinking about and experiencing music's temporal organization.[5] Kivy, however, seems entirely unconcerned with such suggestive possibilities.(2) Consider his response to Newcomb's interpretation of the scherzo in Mahler's Ninth Symphony. …

Background: The field of medicine is constantly changing. Notable changes occur in the patterns of clinical practice, business of medicine, shift in demographics/generation of the health care workforce, emergence of sub-specialization; and advances in research and technology. These changes can affect the way young physicians establish their practice and this is an area not addressed by the medical education and training. Purpose: There is little data in the literature regarding the experience of young physicians in establishing clinical practice. This study was undertaken to answer the central question: Among physicians in the field of Internal Medicine with or without subspecialty who graduated from training in 2013 to 2018, what were the issues and challenges that they faced as they established their clinical practice in the urban or mixed setting? Methodology: Qualitative research-case study; Key informant interview was conducted among junior Internal Medicine consultants who satisfied the inclusion criteria. Data analysis used thematic analysis consisting of reading, writing notes, describing, and classifying transcripts according to categories and themes. Results: After a comprehensive analysis of narratives, five emergent themes surfaced: “Tough Days” (Period of figuring out the system; Need for Self-introduction; Few patients and Feelings of frustration and depression); “Torn and Divided” (Unpredictable work schedule and workload; Lack of time for issues outside career); “Temporary Debt” (Large start-up cost; Expensive maintenance); “Difficult but Tolerable” (Family support; Call-a-colleague; Debt of gratitude to mentors) and lastly “Dreams and To-do’s”. Conclusions: Our respondents have experienced substantial challenges in starting clinical practice. Learning the ways of the healthcare business, effectively promoting oneself to the community, dealing with the emotional turmoil of having few patients, coming up with a strategic schedule and area of practice, and looking for funds and paying it back, were the challenges and experiences of these young medical specialists as they establish their careers in the urban and/or rural setting. Key words: clinical practice, challenges, start-up, establishing practice

To explore the structure and content of narratives about the recovery process among patients undergoing heart valve surgery participating in cardiac rehabilitation. Several studies with short-term follow-up have shown that recovering from cardiac surgery can be challenging, but evidence on the long-term recovery process is very limited, especially following heart valve surgery. Furthermore, few studies have explored the recovery process among cardiac rehabilitation participants. A qualitative study with serial interviews analysed using narrative methods. We collected data over 18 months (April 2013-October 2014). We recruited nine patients undergoing heart valve surgery from a randomized trial, CopenHeartVR and conducted 27 individual narrative interviews at 2-3 weeks, 3-4 months and 8-9 months after surgery. Following heart valve surgery, the participants expected to return to normality. The analysis identified four courses of recovery, with three non-linear complex pathways deviating from the classic restitution narrative: the frustrated struggle to resume normality, the challenged expectation of normality - being in a limbo and becoming a heart patient. These deviating pathways were characterized by physical, existential and mental challenges even up to 9 months after surgery. The recovery processes of participants' in cardiac rehabilitation were often more complicated than anticipated. Patients undergoing heart valve surgery may benefit from more extensive medical follow-up immediately after discharge, individual psychological assessment and individualized, realistic information about the recovery trajectory.

The article is devoted to the issues of LSP (language for specific purposes) lexicography in the field of medicine. Medical nomenclatures (MN), created in the framework of English medical terminography (EMT), are in the focus of the study as one of the first original reference works of EMT. The methodology of the study is comprehensive and includes the following methods: an analytical review of the literature, a bibliographic method for compiling a list of medical nomenclatures; a descriptive method of lexicographic analysis to characterize the parameters and structure of MN; the method of typological analysis was used to develop the principles of MN classification; the comparative analysis to summarize and conclude the results of the investigation. The use of historical and typological approach enabled to conduct a detailed analysis of extralinguistic and linguistic characteristics of the MN. A brief historical background on the formation and development of English medical reference works is given. Such MN as anatomical (Terminologia Anatomica), dental (Dental Terminology), embryological (Terminologia Embryologica) and histological (Terminologia Histologica) nomenclatures were under the study. A typological classification of MN is made by considering methods and approaches for the representation and explication of medical term. The following parameters as field of terms, method of term representing, type of definition, number of languages were studied. The main functions of the MN were identified and described, namely, the collection, the standardization, the systematization of medical terms and medical knowledge transfer. The results of the lexicographic analysis show that MN are factual reference works and perform almost all the basic functions of terminographic dictionary guides, with the exception of explicatory one, with a description of grammatical and orthoepic characteristics, codification of the polysemy of medical term and an illustration of its use in medical discourse. The comparative analysis of histological, dental and embryological nomenclatures revealed that they do not have significant differences at the level of mega- and microstructures in comparison with the anatomical ones. The studied nomenclatures were created using termographic tools and principles which were first applied for anatomical nomenclatures. The place and the role of MN, as a factual reference work, in the system of English medical terminography is determined. Perspective directions of the further research are outlined in the frame of the comprehensive study of terminological lexicography as a factor of the global scientific and technical space formation in the field of medicine.

History of medicine does not receive the coverage it deserves in medical school curricula, or during graduate medical training, in part, because of its lack of impact on direct clinical care. This is particularly disturbing for the specialty of anesthesiology not only due to its colorful history, but also because ours is the only major medical discipline to have developed entirely in the United States. We examine four commonly cited reasons for the study of history in general, and comment on whether these lessons are applicable to medicine and anesthesiology. We provide compelling reasons why studying history is important to clinicians. Humans are the only species to be aware of their past. Our future is largely unknown, and the present is fleeting. Thus, almost everything that is known with certainty falls within the realm of history. Thus one would expect society at large, and physicians and anesthesiologists in particular, to be history enthusiasts. As the facts suggest otherwise, one wonders whether history is regarded much like art, music, and fine cuisine - more adornment than an essential and integral part of education in any discipline, especially medicine. Among other elements that comprise the discipline, history writing can be considered a narrative of words, deeds, ideas, conflicts and sufferings from the past that have been subjected to verification.(1-4) Students of history interpret these events to learn causality as well as their importance. As our world becomes increasingly dependent on science and technology, as the body of literature in every field explodes in quantity, and as specialized skills are required in almost every occupation, an existential question emerges - is there a need for someone working in the sciences to be familiar with history? The question is particularly important in the field of medicine in view of the commonly held belief that historical study rarely brings about a change in current practice. We examine some reasons commonly cited in support of the study of history, in order to determine whether these societal benefits can be extended to science in general and to medicine in particular.(5).

Over the last several decades, interest in global health across all fields of medicine, including orthopaedic surgery, has grown markedly. Cross-national collaborations are an effective means of conducting high-quality clinical research and offer many advantages over single-center investigations. Successful collaboration requires a well-designed research protocol, development of an effective team structure, and the funding to ensure the project is sustained to completion. Equally important, investigators must consider the social, linguistic, and cultural context in which the study is being undertaken. Although randomized clinical trials are the highest level of evidence, study designs may have to be adapted to accommodate available resources, expertise, and local contextual factors. With appropriate planning, these collaborative endeavors can generate changes in clinical practice and positively impact health policy.

The phrase “from bench to bedside to curbside” is a common definition of translational research among health disparities researchers. Health Education Specialists can make important contributions to the field of clinical translational medicine, particularly in light of U.S. health care reform and a renewed emphasis on medical home or health care home models.Health Education Specialists have the training and experience to engage in and facilitate translational research, as well as the opportunity to learn from the translational efforts of other professions and enhance our research, practice, and community partnerships through translational efforts. In this paper, a Translational Health Education Research framework for health education researchers is suggested to foster increased translational efforts within our profession as well as to promote interdisciplinary collaborations to translate a variety of health-related research. A conceptual framework adapted from translational health disparities research that highlights the level and scope of translational research necessary for changes in practice and policy is also provided.

Model for an International Case Sharing Program to Enhance Global Palliative Care Education.

Empirical Analysis of the Constitution of the United States of America Through Organizational Charts, Narrative Content and Network Analysis

This study examines the vernacularization of tafsir Ᾱyāt aṣ-Ṣiyām by M. Basiuni Imran which has not been done by many researchers. This type of research is library research with the primary data of manuscript tafsir Ᾱyāt aṣ-Ṣiyām by M. Basiuni Imran. The analytical model used is a narrative analysis and by using the concept of vernacularization. The conclusion of this article shows that vernacularization is not only a process of translating from Arabic to a local language but there are elements of locality that are accommodated in the translation process. The form of vernacularization is divided into two, namely: 1) vernacularization in the form of diction and language; 2) vernacularization in the form of narrative or interpretation content. Likewise in the tafsir Ᾱyāt aṣ-Ṣiyām , the form of vernacularization in the interpretation belongs to the vernacularization of diction or language, namely the use of the words Uwas (remember), Tembawang (a former farming hut), and Sungai (a description of the reality of West Kalimantan).

From the days when human civilization started, humans have suffered different types of diseases. Long before, when they used to stay in the forest, they used plant parts for curing diseases; later, a group of people called "Baidya" collected roots and other parts of some plants, like leaves, flowers, and fruits that have medicinal properties and prepared medicine from that. After technological improvements, in the present day, we have tablets and syrup to take care of our health. However, now, as the machine learning (ML) concept has evolved, which is used in almost every area, starting from research to vehicle automation and electronic devices, researchers plan to use this in the field of medicine also. Researchers collect data on the symptoms of diseases, and based on those, ML tries to predict whether the person is suffering from a disease or has a chance of suffering in the future. Many researchers have worked in the field of prediction using machine learning or any other techniques. In this book chapter, an attempt is made to collect papers in which researchers try to predict any disease using machine learning techniques. Then, a comprehensive survey of literatures has been made to cover various diseases, such as COVID-19, cancer, diabetes, and heart diseases, with further selections of machine learning algorithms. These papers are analyzed based on a particular disease, and a comparative analysis will be done to show the impact of the paper in the true sense. Finally, diseases are nowadays part of our lives. The present day's habits, like smoking, irregular time of taking food, late-night working, food cultivated using pesticides, make us prone to diseases. This analysis helps us know how the authors have collected patient data, processed them, and finally, predicted the chances of any disease.