环糊精超交联聚合物纤维顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法分析植物油中的邻苯二甲酸酯

In order to develop a fast investigation method for phthalate esters (PAEs) from vegetable oils, a gas-liquid micro-extraction (GLME) technique that combined with GC-MS was established. A vegetable oil sample (0.1 g) was directly added into the GLME device. The integrated process of extraction, clean-up, and concentration of PAEs was completed within 5 min. Internal standard method was applied to ensure the accuracy of the results. Soybean oil, blend oil, olive oil, and sesame oil were spiked with 200 μg/kg of a mixed 15 PAEs standard, and the ranges of the recoveries and RSDs were between 60.0% to 112.3% and 0.9% to 28.4%, respectively. Compared with some traditional sample pretreatment methods such as liquid-liquid extraction, liquid-liquid micro-extraction, gel permeation chromatography, this method is simple and fast, with high accuracy, good repeatability and low matrix effect. This study verified the suitability of the GLME method for field detection of food products in food safety sector and exhibits great significance for the completion of food safety system in China.

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), phthalate esters (PAEs), nonylphenol (NP), and bisphenol A (BPA) are emerging contaminants and ubiquitous in the environment. These compounds are widely used in many consumer and industrial products such as food container, plastics, personal care products and surfactants. They are reported to have adverse effects on reproduction and development and disrupt endocrine system. Moreover, the general population is continuously and simultaneously exposed to them in daily life; food is an important exposure route. Hence, it is crucial to investigate the levels of the above compounds in foods to realize the possible exposure for humans through food intake. However, limited methods are available to determine these contaminants together. Therefore, this study developed and validated a method for analyzing ten PFASs, six PAEs, NP and BPA in six types of foods, including pork, pork liver, pork kidney, fish, clams and oyster. The sample preparation technique QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) was used with acetonitrile as extraction solvent, and Enhanced Matrix Removal (EMR) – Lipid adsorbent was used for sample cleanup. After concentrations, the samples were injected onto ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and were quantified with isotope-dilution techniques. Six PAEs were separated on an Ascentis Express F5 column with mobile phases composed of (B) methanol and (A) 5 mM ammonium acetate(aq) (pH = 6.56), and were ionized with positive electrospray ionization (ESI+). The rest analytes were separated with a BEH C18 column with mobile phases composed of (B) methanol and (A) 10-mM N-methylmorpholine(aq) (pH = 9.6), and were ionized with ESI-. The results of optimization on QuEChERS sample preparation showed that acidification of aqueous phase and use of dispersant methanol during liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) didn’t improve extraction efficiencies of most analytes. Besides, EMR-Lipid was superior to the primary secondary amine (PSA) as cleanup sorbents since less analytes were lost during dispersive solid phase extraction (d-SPE) cleanup step. One-gram sample size and 4 mL of supernatant taken for cleanup after LLE offered lower ion suppression (IS%) compared with two-gram sample sizes and all the acetonitrile extract (about 9 mL). The matrix effect factors of pork, pork liver, pork kidney, fish, clams and oyster were 63.6-168%, 43.0-147%, 63.7-153%, 60.9-198%, 63.5-149% and 50.8-153%. The extraction efficiencies of six foods were as follows: 14.7-96.8%, 50.9-95.7% (except for DEP and BBP extraction efficiency 10.6% and 2.82%), 29.8-93.7% (except for BBP extraction 1.99%), 20.0-104%, 22.3-105%, and 17.6-106%. The limits of detection (LODs) of analytes in six foods were as follows: 0.17-9.70 ng/g wet weight (w.w.), 0.23-17.9 ng/g w.w., 0.16-11.2 ng/g w.w., 0.21-8.35 ng/g w.w., 0.17-9.53 ng/g w.w. and 0.21-8.61 ng/g w.w., respectively. This study tested the method accuracy and precision at five spiked levels in these foods, and most of the quantitative bias were lower than 30%, except DEHP, DINP, DIDP and NP, which were affected by the background levels; most relative standard deviations were below 20%. This method was applied to investigate analytes in foods collected from three major traditional markets in Hsinchu City. DINP was detected in most food samples with concentrations ranging from 124 to 908 ng/g w.w. BBP were found in pork liver and kidney with levels from 33.1 to 177 ng/g w.w. Most long-chain PFASs were detected in the pork liver with concentrations of sub- to few ng/g w.w.. Perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFACs) containing eight or less carbons, BPA and DNOP were not detected in all the food samples. Pork liver was much contaminated with eight analytes (PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA, PFDoDA, PFHxS, PFOS, BBP and DINP). It is necessary to have additional survey in a large scale to realize the distribution of these contaminants in foods, and to get a better understanding of the possible exposure from food intake.

Phthalate esters in the topsoil samples collected from Beijing were determined by derivatization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. The results showed that diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate ester (DIBP), dibutyl phthalate ester (DBP), dibutyl (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and dimethyl phthalate (DMP) were found in the topsoils. The total concentrations of the five phthalate esters varied from 2.30 to 24.71 μg g(-1). According to phthalate esters (PAEs) control standards in soil of the USA, the standard exceeding rates of DMP, DBP, and DEHP were 100 %, 100 %, and 4.84 % in soils of Beijing, respectively. The rate of DBP exceeding soil remediation standard was 12.9 %. Overall, concentrations of PAEs in Beijing were at a high level in China. The concentrations of DBP, DEHP, and DIBP were high, and the total concentrations of all the phthalate esters were higher in the areas with intensive human activities than in the other areas, which may be related to the use of phthalate compounds (such as the use of plastic products). The total and individual concentrations of phthalate compounds were relatively low in the areas that used plastic films compared with other samples due to the diffusion of atmospheric motion, categories, and amounts of plastic products and other factors. The greatest contributor may be the usage amount of plastic products in people's daily lives.

Phthalate esters (PAEs) in environments have become a public concern due to their harmful impacts on human and environments, and waste/reclaimed water irrigation maybe one of their sources in agricultural soil. A field experiment was setup to analyze the impacts of reclaimed water irrigation on levels of PAEs in vegetables and topsoil in solar greenhouse on the North China Plain during 2015 and 2016. There were 6 varieties of vegetables. For each variety, there were three irrigation treatments, including groundwater irrigation, reclaimed water irrigation, and alternative irrigation with groundwater and reclaimed water (1:1, v/v). The results show that the levels of the 6 PAEs in soil and vegetables varied between 0.73 and 9.48mg/kg and 1.89 and 6.35mg/kg, respectively. There were no significant differences for PAE concentrations among these different treatments at each vegetable harvest (p > 0.05). For both soil and vegetable samples, Di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) and Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were the most dominant PAEs, with contents of 0.39-4.43mg/kg and 0.25-6.31mg/kg, respectively, contributing12.5-74.60% and 21.24-76.48% of the total 6 PAEs, respectively. The contents of DnBP and dimethyl phthalate (DMP) in topsoil were higher than the suggested allowable values, while the concentration of each individual PAE in topsoil was lower than the suggested cleanup objectives. The levels of 6 PAEs, DEHP, and DnBP in vegetables were below the reference doses. The yields of eggplant, cauliflower, bean, cabbage, cucumber, and carrot were 64.4-67.0t/ha, 10.9-13.0t/ha, 12.3-15.1t/ha, 17.3-17.5t/ha, 43.9-44.5t/ha, and 19.0-22.9t/ha, respectively, and no significant differences were found among these different treatments for each kind of vegetable. The bioaccumulation factors (BCFs) of 6 PAEs in vegetable samples were 0.43-5.79 and the corresponding values for each PAE were 0.00-27.32, respectively. The BCFs of butyl benzyl phthalate were the greatest (with a mean of 9.28), followed by DEHP (with a mean of 3.03) and DMP (with a mean of 1.90). In one word, the reclaimed water in this study did not affect the vegetable yields obviously. PAE levels in soil and vegetables irrigated with reclaimed water were in the acceptable range. Considering the difference of reclaimed water quality of Sewage Treatment Plants in different areas, so more reclaimed water from different areas is needed to assess the impacts of reclaimed water irrigation on PAE contamination in soil and vegetables.

This study aimed to investigate the distribution and concentration of phthalate esters (PAEs) in jianghan plain more precisely. Samples of groundwater were collected from 42 sites in Jianghan plain in January to February, 2008. Sixteen phthalate esters (PAEs) in each sample were detected using solid-phase extraction (SPE) - gas chromatography (GC) spectrometry. The results showed that there were one or several PAEs in all the samples and the concentrations of total PAEs ranged from 0 to 4670.90 ng/L. Seven PAEs, i.e. di-iso-butyl phthalate (DIBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), bis (2-ethoxyethyl) phthalate (BEEP), di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP) and disecoctyl phthalate (DOP) were detected. The horizontal distribution of PAEs was related to season, exact position from surface water, and the water depth. Among these, DIBP, DBP and DEHP concentrations were closely related to the water supply from Yangtze River, Hanjiang River and Honghu Lake. Compared with summer, the type and detection of PAEs were different in winter. PAEs distribution was irrelevant to the electrical conductivity and sample depth.

Sample preparation is playing an increasingly important role in sample analysis. The enrichment efficiency of the target and the removal effect of the sample matrix are strongly dependent on the extraction material. Therefore, the development of efficient extraction materials is an important research focus in the field of sample preparation. Various advanced materials such as nanomaterials, mesoporous materials, ionic liquids, aerogels, carbon materials, metal-organic frameworks, and covalent organic frameworks have been introduced to produce a diverse range of extraction materials for sample preparation. Owing to its unique physical and chemical properties, graphene, an excellent carbon nanomaterial, has attracted significant attention in different areas. Due to their unique advantages of large surface area, large π-electrons, excellent adsorption properties, abundant functional groups, and facile chemical modification, graphene-based materials have displayed excellent extraction performance for diverse analytes. Furthermore, graphene-based extraction materials have been applied to pretreat real samples from different fields. This paper provides an overview of the recent advances in graphene sample preparation from 2020 to date. The manuscript covers the use of graphene, graphene oxide, and the related functionalized materials as sorbents, as well as their specific applications in cartridge solid-phase extraction, dispersive solid-phase extraction, magnetic solid-phase extraction, stir bar sorptive extraction, fiber solid-phase microextraction, and in-tube solid-phase microextraction. To prevent the aggregation of graphene, three-dimensional graphene, porous graphene aerogels, graphene-modified silica, and stainless-steel mesh were developed for cartridge solid-phase extraction. Furthermore, some graphene-based extraction materials were used to develop online solid-phase extraction, which allowed for automatic and high-throughput tests. Graphene nanosheets and their hybrid materials with molybdenum disulfide or zinc oxide nanoparticles have been applied to dispersive solid-phase extraction, and several types of contaminants, including metal ions, bisphenol endocrine disruptors, paraben preservatives, and phthalates, could be captured. By combination with magnetic materials using the coprecipitation method or via chemical post-modification, many magnetic graphene extraction materials have been produced for magnetic solid-phase extraction. The introduction of magnetic graphene not only enhanced the extraction efficiency but also simplified the test process, making it highly suitable for complex samples such as food and biological samples. Similar to magnetic solid-phase extraction, stir bar sorptive extraction is a very simple and efficient extraction method that shows good extraction performance for metal ions and organic pollutants from environmental water, medicines in urine, and organic pollutants in cosmetics. In addition to its excellent applicability to solid-phase extraction, graphene delivered satisfactory performance for solid-phase microextraction. Graphene has been used as an extraction coating for the extraction of fibers or tubes by coupling solid-phase microextraction with chromatographic detection, and many kinds of organic pollutants, including polychlorinated biphenyls, phthalates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, toluene, xylenes, organophosphorus pesticides, phenoxy acid herbicides, and antibiotics, in environmental or biological samples have been successfully determined. The extraction mechanism, including π-π, electrostatic, hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and hydrogen-bonding interactions, is also discussed. Because of the mixed-mode interactions and rich functionalization, graphene-based extraction materials could effectively capture and selectively enrich different types of species. These extraction or microextraction techniques have been coupled with detection methods such as chromatography, mass spectrometry, and atomic absorption spectroscopy and widely used in environmental monitoring, food safety, and biochemical analysis. The future development of graphene in the field of sample pretreatment focuses on the following aspects: 1) functionalization of graphene with specific groups such as affinity groups, chelating groups, and molecularly imprinted sites to achieve unique extraction selectivity; 2) combination of graphene with the advanced materials, including covalent organic frameworks, metal organic frameworks, aerogels, and nanomaterials, thus realizing the complementary advantages between materials, so that the hybrid graphene materials find broad application prospects in sample preparation; 3) combination of electromagnetic materials with graphene to form electromagnetic composites, as well as the use of electromagnetic fields to improve extraction selectivity and efficiency; 4) exploiting the good performance of graphene-based materials to overcome the difficulty encountered in the pretreatment of complex samples; 5) development of more green methods to prepare graphene-based extraction materials or functionalize graphene, in line with the trends in green chemistry; 6) application of more graphene-based materials to online sample preparation for meeting the development trends in the field of analytical chemistry.

A great deal of attention has been paid lately to release of phthalate esters (PAEs) from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles into PET bottled drinking water due to their potential endocrine-disrupting effects. Three kinds of PAEs, including diethyl phthalate (DEP), dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), were detected in 10 popular brands of PET bottles in Beijing, ranging from 101.97 μg/kg to 709.87 μg/kg. Meanwhile, six kinds of PAEs, including DEP, DMP, DBP, n-butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DOP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), were detected in PET bottled water, ranging from 0.19 μg/L to 0.98 μg/L, under an outdoor storage condition, while their concentrations ranged from 0.18 μg/L to 0.71 μg/L under an indoor storage condition. Furthermore, the concentrations of PAEs in brand D and E bottles were slightly increased when the storage time was prolonged. In addition, the concentrations of PAEs in commercial water contained in brand B and H bottles and pure water contained in brand E and G bottles were also slightly increased with the increase of storage temperature. Interestingly, DBP mainly contributed to the increased PAEs levels in simulation water. These results suggest that a part of the PAEs in PET bottled water originated from plastic bottles, which was related to the storage time and temperature. However, the PAEs in PET bottled water only pose a negligible risk to consumers if they follow the recommendations, such as storage at a common place (24 °C), away from sun and in a short period of time.

Phthalate esters (PAEs) are widely used in the manufacturing of plastics, and the demand for PAEs has grown rapidly, especially in China. This trend will lead to much more environmental PAE contamination. PAEs are listed as priority substances in the European Union and are therefore subject to ecological risk assessments. This paper reviews the literature concerning the pollution status of PAEs and their ecological risk to aquatic environments. Risk quotients (RQs) based on the predicted no effect concentration and PAE concentrations in aquatic environments demonstrated significant (10 ≤ RQ < 100) or expected (RQ ≥ 100) potential adverse effects for algae, Daphnia, and fish in aquatic environments near PAE-based industrial and urban areas. Thus, the ecological risk of PAEs in Chinese aquatic environments should be considered, especially in areas where commercial plastics are produced.

Background: Beverages can be easily contaminated by phthalate esters (PAEs) during the production, bottling, and transportation processes. It is necessary to determine the contamination level in beverages for assessment of human exposure. Objective: In this study, magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) was combined with HPLC for the determination of 11 PAEs in beverages. Methods: Self-synthesized magnetic multiwalled carbon nanotubes (m-MWCNTs) were used as the adsorbent for PAE extraction. To extract the PAEs, an appropriate amount of m-MWCNTs and NaCl was added to the beverage sample. The mixture was mixed on a vortex mixer, the magnetic sorbent was collected with the aid of a magnet, and the supernatant was removed. Then, the analytes were eluted with n-hexane-acetone (1+1, v/v). Finally, the eluent was analyzed by the HPLC method. The separation was accomplished on a Phenomenex Luna-C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), and the detection wavelength was set at 225 nm. Results: The linear ranges of the method were 2-300 μg/L with correlation coefficients greater than 0.9981. The LOD and LOQ were in the range of 0.659-5.33 × 10-2 μg/L and 2.20-17.8 × 10-2 μg/L, respectively. The recoveries of the method ranged from 79.8 to 114%, with the relative SDs less than 15.8%. The established method has been successfully applied for the determination of 11 PAEs in mineral water, carbonated soft drink, tea beverage, and fruit juice samples. PAEs were detected at 0.246-34.3 μg/L in these samples. Conclusions: The m-MWCNTs are the satisfactory sorbent for MSPE because of their strong adsorption capacity for PAEs. The established MSPE-HPLC method is rapid, easy, sensitive, green, and cost-effective. It can be applied to the analysis of trace PAEs in plastic bottled beverages. Highlights: Three magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), including Fe₃O₄ MNPs, m-MWCNTs, and magnetic graphene oxide, were synthesized, and m-MWCNTs were chosen as the sorbent of MSPE for PAE extraction because of their strong adsorption capacity for PAEs. An MSPE-HPLC method has been developed for the analysis of 11 phthalates in plastic bottled beverages. The established method was successfully applied to the analysis of 11 phthalates in four types of beverage samples.

邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)是一种环境内分泌干扰物,广泛存在于日常生活中,并可通过多种途径进入机体。孕妇作为一类特殊人群,若暴露于PAEs,将会对子代的生长发育造成不良影响。研究建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱(SPE-HPLC-MS/MS)同时检测孕妇尿液中8种PAEs代谢物(mPAEs)的分析方法。尿液样品经β-葡萄糖苷酶酶解后,采用Bond Elut Plexa固相萃取柱净化,样品经洗脱、浓缩、复溶后,进行HPLC-MS/MS分析。采用Agilent Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱(100 mm×3 mm, 3.5 μm)进行分离,以0.1%乙酸水溶液和0.1%乙酸乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在多反应监测(MRM)模式下检测,内标法定量。 结果表明,8种mPAEs在0.1~200 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,检出限为0.015~0.048 ng/mL,定量限为0.050~0.160 ng/mL。在低、中、高3个加标水平(1、10、50 ng/mL)下,8种mPAEs的加标回收率为80.2%~99.7%。采用此方法对鄂州市妇幼保健院497名孕妇尿液中的8种mPAEs水平进行检测,结果表明,497名孕妇广泛暴露于PAEs,其中邻苯二甲酸单丁酯(MBP)的含量最高,中位数水平为104.46 ng/mL;邻苯二甲酸单苄酯(MBzP)的含量最低,中位数水平为0.22 ng/mL。同时,研究还对新生儿的出生结局进行了评估,线性回归模型表明,孕妇尿液中的邻苯二甲酸单乙酯(MEP)每增加一个自然对数(ln)水平,孕周减少0.11周(95%置信区间(CI): -0.18~-0.03);孕妇尿液中的邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基-5-氧己基)酯(MEOHP)和邻苯二甲酸单(2-乙基己基)酯(MECPP)每增加一个ln水平,新生儿出生体重分别降低39.28 g (95%CI: -76.48~-2.09)和39.62 g (95%CI: -73.73~-5.52)。该方法操作简便,检出限低,具有较高的准确度和精密度,通过此方法测定了孕妇尿液中的8种mPAEs,并结合新生儿的出生结局发现,孕期PAEs暴露会影响新生儿的生长发育。

The application of plastic film in field crop production elevated the phthalate esters (PAEs) accumulation in wheat grains, which poses potential risks to human health. However, the variation of grain PAEs contents in different dryland areas is not clear, and the distribution of PAEs in different tissues of grains has not been studied yet. In the present study, field experiments in five sites (three provinces) with two treatments (soil with and without film mulching) were carried out to study the concentration and distribution of PAEs in grains and the effects of environmental factors on them. Results showed that the total PAE concentration (∑PAEs) in wheat grains ranged from 445 to 764 μg/kg, mainly in the forms of di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP). Compared with control, total PAE concentrations in soils and wheat grains were significantly higher in treatments with film mulching. The effects of film on the proportion of PAEs in the flour and bran varied with experiment sites. Grain PAEs in the control groups presented significantly negative correlation with annual temperature, while there was a positive correlation between soil PAEs and bran PAEs in the film treatment. Results in this study are of great significance to comprehensively evaluate the effect of film mulching on grain safety in dryland wheat production.

A method based on a solid phase microextraction gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS) was developed for the quantitative determination of chlorpyrifos residues in cherry samples. Three kinds of fiber coatings: PA (polyacrylate, 85µm), PDMS–DVB (polydimethylsiloxane–divinylbenzene 65 mm) and PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane, 100 mm) were compared. Various parameters affecting SPME procedures such as temperature, extraction and desorption times, salinity, stirring rate were investigated. The analytes from all sample extracts were preconcentrated for 30 minutes in the SPME fiber at 60 °C and then the fiber was desorbed by heating at 250 °C for 10 minutes in the gas chromatography injection port. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) values were 0.03 µg/L and 0,1 µg/L, respectively. An average recovery range was 93-98% with relative standard deviation (RSD) &amp;lt; 10 %.

Bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of phthalate esters in mangrove food web.

Magnetic polymer sorbents were developed and evaluated for the extraction of bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solution using magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV). Two sorbents were synthesized by modifying amine-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS): MPCNT, prepared with carboxyl-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-COOH), and MPTCl, synthesized without MWCNT-COOH and cross-linked with terephthaloyl chloride. Incorporation of MWCNT-COOH introduced additional π–π interactions, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic domains, which significantly enhanced BPA uptake. Various analytical techniques were employed to characterize the morphology, thermal properties, and particle stability of MPCNT, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), zeta potential measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). To optimize the extraction performance, several extraction conditions were studied, including the amount of polymer content, the pH effect, the sample volume used for both adsorption and desorption, and the salting-out effect. The reproducibility of the MPCNT-based extraction method was found to be acceptable, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 7.85%. The method's linearity was tested, and the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were determined to be 15.15 µg L−1 and 50.00 µg L−1, respectively, with a high coefficient of determination (r2 = 0.9992). The relative standard deviations obtained were consistently below 10% (n = 5).

A rapid and simple analytical method for triflumezopyrim, a new class of mesoionic insecticides and commercialized molecules from DuPont, was developed with a modified QuEChERS method. The pH adjustment was used to improve the extraction efficiency of acetonitrile solvent, and dispersive solid-phase extraction was employed for the clean-up process. The five selected food commodities were used to verify the present optimized method, which displayed good linearity with an excellent correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9992–0.9998) in the 0.003–0.30 mg/kg calibration range. The method limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were determined to be a value of 0.003 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. The mean recovery for the triflumezopyrim was in the 89.7–104.3% range. The relative standard deviations were ≤9.8% for intra- (n = 5) and inter-day (n = 15) precisions at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, and 0.5 mg/kg in the five representative samples. The matrix effect has been calculated to confirm the effect during ionization of the analyte in the UPLC-MS/MS. The matrix effects of the instrumental analysis showed that triflumezopyrim was less susceptible to matrices. The proposed analytical method in this study has effectively improved the accuracy, selectivity, and sensitivity for the determination of triflumezopyrim in agricultural commodities; therefore, it can serve as a reference method for the establishment of maximum residue limits (MRLs).