應用風險管理於建築設計階段– 越 南營建業案例研究

Using engineering performance evaluations to explore design alternatives during the conceptual phase of architectural design helps to understand the relationships between form and performance; and is crucial for developing well-performing final designs. Computer aided conceptual design has the potential to aid the design team in discovering and highlighting these relationships; especially by means of procedural and parametric geometry to support the generation of geometric design, and building performance simulation tools to support performance assessments. However, current tools and methods for computer aided conceptual design in architecture do not explicitly reveal nor allow for backtracking the relationships between performance and geometry of the design. They currently support post-engineering, rather than the early design decisions and the design exploration process. Focusing on large roofs, this research aims at developing a computational design approach to support designers in performance driven explorations. The approach is meant to facilitate the multidisciplinary integration and the learning process of the designer; and not to constrain the process in precompiled procedures or in hard engineering formulations, nor to automatize it by delegating the design creativity to computational procedures. PAS (Performance Assessment Strategies) as a method is the main output of the research. It consists of a framework including guidelines and an extensible library of procedures for parametric modelling. It is structured on three parts. Pre-PAS provides guidelines for a design strategy-definition, toward the parameterization process. Model-PAS provides guidelines, procedures and scripts for building the parametric models. Explore-PAS supports the solutions-assessment based on numeric evaluations and performance simulations, until the identification of a suitable design solution. PAS has been developed based on action research. Several case studies have focused on each step of PAS and on their interrelationships. The relations between the knowledge available in pre-PAS and the challenges of the solution space exploration in explore-PAS have been highlighted. In order to facilitate the explore-PAS phase in case of large solution spaces, the support of genetic algorithms has been investigated and the exiting method ParaGen has been further implemented. Final case studies have focused on the potentials of ParaGen to identify well performing solutions; to extract knowledge during explore-PAS; and to allow interventions of the designer as an alternative to generations driven solely by coded criteria. Both the use of PAS and its recommended future developments are addressed in the thesis.

This work proposes an object oriented design method for Ada software. The mehod is mainly intended for software engineers who are not experts in object oriented design, in the context of a course as well as in the context of a firm wanting to acquire experience in object oriented design. To meet this objective, the method is simple and easy to learn. It also minimizes the risks of errors and it is possible to use it without resorting to complex tools in order to easily develop a small application. We will start by giving the basic concepts used in the method. Then we will describe the phases of the method. Finally, we will apply the method on a small example: a search tool for documents. The first phase is the software requirements phase in which the functions offered by the software are analysed and described in a software requirements specification. The second phase is the architectural design in which the components of the architecture are identified. The components identified are the objects and classes of the application, their structures, the associations between them, their attributes and the services they export. These components are described in an architectural design document. The third phase is the detailed design phase in which the components identified during the architectural design phase are described in detail. Among other things, the Ada mechanisms used to code the components are given. The results of this phase are a detailed design document and the Ada specifications of the objects and classes. Finally, the last phase is the implementation phase whose results are the listings of the code implementing objects and classes identified during the second phase.

Purpose / Context - As the emerging digital technology, Building Information Modelling has been applied in the multidisciplinary design work for sustainable houses. This study aims to input the real-world design context into the BIM pedagogy and to demonstrate the capacity of BIM in enhancing teamwork in the cross-disciplinary collaboration. Methodology / Approach – A case study of a Saint Lucia-based residential house project was adopted by utilizing BIM as the platform to carry on the redesign plan differing from an existing de-sign. Nine different student design teams from the University of Nottingham Ningbo China, each team consisting of students from architecture, civil engineering, and architectural environmental engineering, worked in the BIM-based platform to provide solutions on architectural model, structural design, cost estimate, and sustainability in terms of energy efficiency. Each team’s design plan was presented and evaluated by academics, the client, and construction professionals. Results – The case study demonstrates the capacity of BIM in assisting the cross-disciplinary pro-ject design. BIM learners gained the practical experience in the team design work. As the project deliverable, different design plans were evaluated by the client and the contractor for further devel-opments. The BIM project experience from team members was also presented in this study. Key Findings / Implications – The BIM education provides the insights of how colleague educa-tion could equip students with the state-of-the-art learning experience by incorporating the real-world project into the BIM pedagogy. BIM, as the coordination platform, could be fully utilized to implement the building design. This case project serves as an example of briding the gap between BIM academ-ia and industry. Future BIM education could continue adopting the case study-based experiential learning approach and expand BIM applications from design to the construction stage. Originality – This work provides the case study in the pedagogical practice demonstrating the BIM-enabled multidisciplinary collaboration in architectural visualization, structural design, budget control, and sustainability strategies.

Falls prevention education between older adults and healthcare providers during transition from hospital to community-living

Metric-based Evaluation of Implemented Software Architectures

In the last months a pandemic has changed the daily life of billions of people Among the efforts to reduce the impact of the disease, social distancing has had huge consequences and raised may concerns, from the inadequacy of contemporary urban design to the social inequality of national and regional lockdown This paper focuses on the consequences that this experience is having on the design of urban public and private areas Everybody admits that our cities are going to change but, beside the first quick adaptation to social distancing, it is unclear how to rethink today's urban areas We start from our previous work on the classification of architectural rules and on the study of how creativity is expressed via architectural rules, to discuss the principles and social aspects of newly proposed designs The motivation for this analysis is to investigate and raise awareness of the consequences of changes in social practices: given that we are in need for new structures and service organization, we can still make choices and should balance the positive and negative aspects of these design alternatives The community should be aware, as much as possible, of the intrinsic forces that novel solutions exert on our social system and urban environment This work shows just one way to analyse architectural design, and should be considered as a contribution to a much needed broad and inclusive discussion about how we want urban spaces to be

Occupational health and safety (OHS) issues might be considered one of the main considerations among European countries as many employees encounter dangerous workplace conditions during work. Therefore, decision makers in these countries have initiated related projects to reduce the number of occupational accidents. Turkey is one of those countries that training activities have become mandatory due to a current OHS legislation amendment. In every workplace there are some OHS risks. It is well known that taking required precautions prior to occupational accidents is much more efficient and effective than doing it subsequently. In fact, only 2 percent of these OHS risks are unpreventable, whereas the remaining risks can be prevented easily (Kilkis & Demir, 2012). In Turkey, every year approximately 77.000 occupational accidents occur. More than 1000 employees lose their lives, while more than 5.000 employees become permanently disabled due to these occupational accidents (Korkmaz & Avsalli, 2012). In the institution, where this study was conducted, approximately 30.000 employees work. OHS training in the institution consists of theoretical and practical parts. In the practical part, when the necessity of gathering thousands of employees in various training centers and duration of those trainings are considered, it is obvious that OHS training activities would cost much and could cause administrative problems for the institution. Hence, the institution has decided to deliver theoretical part of the OHS training online in order to cope with this issue. Purpose: In this study, an online learning module on OHS, which had been previously developed by one of the biggest public institutions in Turkey, was improved. As the process of implementing improved learning materials takes much time, only preliminary findings were shared. The purpose of this study is twofold: first, to share the results of the impact of previous learning materials and staff’s thoughts about them; and secondly, to discuss features of new learning materials and process of improving them. Theoretical Framework: As the theoretical framework, Ricketts’s (2015) nine suggestions pertaining how to write safety stories were chosen so as to help designers write digital stories related to OHS. Besides, Cinar’s (2012) experience-based e-course design model was used to facilitate the process of improving the learning materials. Method Formative research method of Reigeluth and Frick (1999) was adopted as the study’s methodology. Approximately 9070 employees currently working at the institution filled in the online survey on the LMS. Staff were asked to answer nine survey questions related to their experience, attitude and thoughts about OHS module delivered via online learning. It should be noted that this survey was developed and administered by the institution at the end of the training without proving its reliability and validity. Since the number of the participants were quite high, this scale was used just to give some idea about staff’s experience, thoughts and attitudes towards OHS training. In addition to nine close-ended questions in the survey, there was also one open-ended question at the end to obtain staff’s detailed suggestions regarding how to deliver online learning more effectively. In line with Cinar’s (2012) suggestions, design team visited the institution to gain the broader sense of organizational culture. Then, OHS legislations and previous learning materials were examined carefully by each member of the design team. In order to analyze current situation of OHS training in the institution, survey results and staff’s posts on the LMS discussion board were also examined. After the analysis, it was agreed to write safety stories and use formative evaluation activities. An LMS, which had been previously used by the institution, was decided to be used in order to deliver the learning materials developed with an e-learning software. Safety stories and learning materials were shown to a line manager of the institution and a field expert to obtain their feedbacks. Following this, the design team checked the learning materials and gave feedback to each other. In this way, bugs and spelling errors were fixed. Finally, two short tutorial videos were recorded with the purpose of aiding staff to get used to new learning materials. Expected Outcomes As for findings, in a nutshell, previous learning materials lacked engagement, interaction, visuality, authenticity, and formative evaluation. Some staff of the institution demanded face-to-face OHS training claiming it was such an important training activity that it could not be risked by delivering via online learning. Possibly due to lack of visuality, many of the staff reported learning materials as quite boring. Another finding from the analysis indicates that institution’s staff request the learning materials to be customized to their workplace to better understand authentic implementation of the legislation. That is to say, rather than being generic to all institutional staff, they want it to encompass specific examples for each job title. Another one of the most prevalent complaints about the training was about the legislation’s applicability in workplaces. Personnel do not believe managers know regulations and are eager to implement those in the institution. In addition, some personnel expressed that an evaluation is necessary to be able to monitor to what extent the staff have learnt from the learning materials. As it is aimed to improve previous learning materials, it is expected to raise the awareness of OHS to reduce the number of occupational accidents in the institution. In addition, the new learning materials consist of different activities to enrich learning process, which can also be expected to contribute to interaction and engagement. By doing this, the legislations could be learnt easier and more effectively. Not only do improved learning materials contribute to learning process in a way of taking courses such as drag and drop activities, they might also promote transformative learning with safety stories to adapt the legislations to the staff’s workplaces. Finally, we expect to make contribution to the OHS field in order to improve training activities in different workplaces.

This chapter draws upon the experiences of building an authentic collaboration between a University team of academics and students with a hospital design lab and healthcare practitioners to solve real world problems that the hospital stakeholders were ill-equipped to tackle. The collaboration was founded through establishing a like-minded community of practice built upon mutual trust, and the formation of a transdisciplinary design team. The STUDIO602 project demonstrated the mutual benefits of authentic collaboration between industry and higher education. Universities have expertise in supervising and mentoring student research teams to solve real-world problems. By building authentic collaboration between university research teams and hospital design teams innovative solutions to practical health care problems can be solved. Such collaborative design partnerships will lead to better health outcomes for society as innovative solutions to pre-hospital care, out-patient care, and innovative design of hospital infrastructure and technology-enhanced practices are developed. Extending these collaborations to international teams working remotely together we can widen the impact of the developments beyond New Zealand, and bring into the design team international expertise as well. We discuss the application of several techniques used in the software industry and how they relate to the STUDIO602 project—these include design thinking, team management, stakeholder engagement and rapid prototyping techniques. The innovation we are illustrating in this chapter through this project example are the development of pedagogical design principles to facilitate authentic collaboration between student design teams and industry.KeywordsAtelierSocial learning environmentsRhizomatic learningOntological pedagogiesHeutagogyDesign-based research

There is little argument that Building Information Modeling is the way of the future in the AEC industry; however, few would freely admit that the future is not here yet for the type of the building projects that the current wave of architecture is pushing for. It is interesting to note that for most of the conferences and presentations widely available on this hot topic, few negative opinions are voiced. We found the article by Michael Tardif, titled "Faith-based BIM," to be one of the few such articles. While with each release of the BIM upgrade, the programs improve by leaps and bounds, as of the time of writing it is still very cumbersome, inaccurate, if not plain impossible, to model more complex geometry so prevalent in modern architecture, as so noted by the authors' experience, as well as Dr. Lachmi Khemlani's honest review on the AECbytes website. Of equal, if not more, importance is the lack of standard and clear delineation of liability in the building information model between the design and construction team. For an ideal project to be conceived in BIM, there needs to be a high level of trust between various parties involved that are unfortunately not commonly found in the current atmosphere of the industry. A series of surveys commissioned anonymously by Adobe Systems in 2004 and 2006 revealed an interesting finding that was covered in Sara Ferris' article on the Cadalyst. Amid the advancement and widespread availability of computing power, the AEC industry is relying on paper more than before: CAD files are reviewed in paper format more often in 2006 than in 2004. In 2004, 33% of the responders reviewed CAD files solely in electronic format, and that number dropped to 23% by year 2006. This apparent regression of acceptance in technology was commonly attributed to concerns about document security, with a substantial size of the responders sharing documents in noneditable digital format (e.g. TIFF or PDF) at 44%, and with another 37% of the survey participants providing paper copies only. While this particular survey did not cover the topic of BIM and the sharing of data in a central model, one gets an idea of what kind of comfort level the industry is currently operating in and thus the resistance one can expect for the implementation of BIM across not just the offices of the various design consultants, but more importantly, between the design team and the construction team, and ultimately, given to the building users for long term maintenance. For our project, the design team is comfortable and has prior experience with sharing information electronically for construction. However, the decision was made that only Rhinoceros files were released to the construction team for geometry control. The BIM files were only used to produce 2D construction drawings and were not released as part of the construction document due to unclear liability issues. At the time of writing, all eyes are on the National Institute of Building Sciences on their National Building Information Model Standard project. As part of the buildingSMART Initiative, this committee is charged with the follow standards: BIM scope, Coverage of Version, Reference Standards, Business Processes, Business Rules, Data Structures and Models, Implementation Guidance, and Maturity Model. It is the hope that with better definition of BIM, the AEC industry can have a better understanding of the risk involved in its implementation and thus be able to better manage the associated risk and make an informed decision about its adoption.

The way in which dialogues and group meetings affect the progress of multidisciplinary architectural design teams can be easily underestimated by managers. This is due to the importance of group meetings to review designs, share information, make decisions and hence progress the design. The aim of this paper is to discuss how design dialogues and design team meetings facilitate team communication. A review of research into design team communication and performance using a project website provides an insight into how design team members used and changed their synchronous and asynchronous communication while adopting the project web. Case studies were used to investigate changes in communication practices affecting team performance due to project web use. Research findings reveal a preference among design team members for dialogue as their favourite communication medium despite the growing use of asynchronous communication by teams. Results are discussed against research findings from communication in design and management team meetings. Implications for design managers, concerned with improving communications and the management of design, are discussed in the light of the research findings.

The growing popularity of high resolution video and the continuously increasing demands for high quality video on mobile devices are producing stronger needs for more efficient video encoder. Concerning these desires, HEVC, a newest video coding standard, has been developed by a joint team formed by ISO/IEO MPEG and ITU/T VCEG. Its design goal is to achieve a 50% compression gain over its predecessor H.264 with an equal or even higher perceptual video quality. Motion Estimation (ME) being as one of the most critical module in video coding contributes almost 50%-70% of computational complexity in the video encoder. This high consumption of the computational resources puts a limit on the performance of encoders, especially for full HD or ultra HD videos, in terms of coding speed, bit-rate and video quality. Thus the major part of this work concentrates on the computational complexity reduction and improvement of timing performance of motion estimation algorithms for HEVC standard. First, a new strategy to calculate the SAD (Sum of Absolute Difference) for motion estimation is designed based on the statistics on property of pixel data of video sequences. This statistics demonstrates the size relationship between the sum of two sets of pixels has a determined connection with the distribution of the size relationship between individual pixels from the two sets. Taking the advantage of this observation, only a small proportion of pixels is necessary to be involved in the SAD calculation. Simulations show that the amount of computations required in the full search algorithm is reduced by about 58% on average and up to 70% in the best case. Secondly, from the scope of parallelization an enhanced TZ search for HEVC is proposed using novel schemes of multiple MVPs (motion vector predictor) and shared MVP. Specifically, resorting to multiple MVPs the initial search process is performed in parallel at multiple search centers, and the ME processing engine for PUs within one CU are parallelized based on the MVP sharing scheme on CU (coding unit) level. Moreover, the SAD module for ME engine is also parallelly implemented for PU size of 32×32. Experiments indicate it achieves an appreciable improvement on the throughput and coding efficiency of the HEVC video encoder. In addition, the other part of this thesis is contributed to the VLSI architecture design for finding the first W maximum/minimum values targeting towards high speed and low hardware cost. The architecture based on the novel bit-wise AND scheme has only half of the area of the best reference solution and its critical path delay is comparable with other implementations. While the FPCG (full parallel comparison grid) architecture, which utilizes the optimized comparator-based structure, achieves 3.6 times faster on average on the speed and even 5.2 times faster at best comparing with the reference architectures. Finally the architecture using the partial sorting strategy reaches a good balance on the timing performance and area, which has a slightly lower or comparable speed with FPCG architecture and a acceptable hardware cost

The design of effective interventions in sport psychology often requires a subtle blend of techniques, tailored to meet the client’s specific needs. Input from a variety of disciplinary support specialists, working as a team, is also frequently needed. Accordingly, this study investigated an interdisciplinary team approach to the technical change and rehabilitation of an elite weight lifter following injury; necessitating the avoidance of regression when performing under competitive pressure. Multiple coaching approaches were used and complimented by targeting specific mental skills. Kinematic analyses indicated progressive technical, and subsequently permanent, change even after 2 years. Self-report measures of self-efficacy and imagery use were deemed essential in facilitating the change. Finally, a discussion focuses on the intervention’s multifactorial nature, its application within high performance coaching, and how this may advise future research into the refinement of already existing and well-established skills.

Research on artificial neural networks (ANNs) has been carried out for more than five decades. A renewed interest appeared in the 80's with the finding of powerful models like J. Hopfield's recurrent networks, T. Kohonen's self-organizing feature maps, and the back-propagation rule. At that time, there was no platform that was at the same time versatile enough for any ANN model to be implemented and fast enough to solve large problems. Super-computers were the sole exception to this rule, but were prohibitively expensive for most applications. However, both research scientists and application engineers clearly identified the need for such a computing power. This triggered many projects in the field. In parallel, research on multi-processor systems started during the 60's. Systolic arrays have been proposed in 1979 as a means to fully exploit the possibilities of VLSI. Two previous theses, by F. Blayo and C. Lehmann, have studied the use of bi-dimensional systolic arrays for neural computation. At first, the presented system, called GENES, has been designed for the Hopfield model. Extensions to other ANNs have also been proposed. The goal of the present thesis is to study, design, build, and analyze an efficient accelerator for neural computation. In a first step, the GENES architecture has been extended towards generality and efficiency. This includes a thorough analysis of ANN models, of other neural computers, and of previous GENES implementations. The result of this work is the GENES IV integrated circuit, whose architecture has been co-designed by P. Ienne and the author. The main part of this thesis discusses the architecture, the design and the analysis of the MANTRA I machine, a neural computer based on a GENES IV array with up to 40 × 40 processing elements (PEs). The delta rule (and hence the Perceptron and Adaline rules), the back-propagation rule, the Hopfield model, and the Kohonen model can be implemented on this system. Although not a generic system, such a machine may be regarded as a multi-model neural computer. A prototype has been running for a year and is used daily by software designers. Several novel features distinguish the MANTRA I machine from other neural systems. First, it belongs to the few existing neural computers, contrary to the majority of implementations, which are specific to an application or to an algorithm. The machine does not hard-wire any algorithm, but provides the necessary primitives to implement the target models. This is a key feature for research, since several algorithms or versions of an algorithm can be tested on a problem. It is an important aspect for applications as well, because different ANN models are often cascaded to solve a problem. The GENES IV array — that is, the computing core of the MANTRA I machine — features synapse-level parallelism (i.e., one real or virtual PE is allocated per synapse or neural connection), while most other systems exploit only neuron-level parallelism (i.e., one PE per neuron). Hence, this system aims at a much finer parallelism grain and is well suited for massively parallel architectures. The problem size that can be computed by a neural accelerator should not be limited by the hardware (except for memory size). Therefore, it is essential to support time-sharing of PEs. On the MANTRA I machine, this is achieved by the concept of virtual arrays. Matrices are divided into sub-matrices that can be mapped onto the physical array, which is then time-shared among them. An efficient mechanism has been implemented to swap sub-matrices in background, while some other computation is performed. Since systolic arrays are pipelined systems, it is important to avoid emptying and re-filling them too often, in order to keep the hardware utilization rate high. Therefore, a systolic instruction flow has been implemented, so that each instruction follows the data for which it has been issued. Like any SIMD system, the MANTRA I machine is composed of a parallel or SIMD module and a control module. The SIMD module consists of the GENES IV array and a set of dedicated units designed for the computation that scales with the number of neurons and would poorly fit on a bi-dimensional array. A complex system of FIFOs and memories sustains the required input/output streams for the systolic array. The control module is a complete SISD system. Its tasks are (1) to control the SIMD module by dispatching instructions, (2) to manage data input and output, (3) to communicate with the external world, and (4) to perform data pre- and post-processing. The SIMD instructions are of the very long instruction word (VLIW) type. Synchronization between the two modules is achieved by an instruction FIFO. The performance of the MANTRA I machine has been analyzed using the delta rule. Measurements show that the sustained performance is very close to its peak value, as long as the problem fits in the memory banks connected to the GENES IV array. Experiments have also been run to investigate the impact of the constraints imposed by the hardware on the convergence of algorithms. Finally, the use of systolic arrays as neural accelerators is discussed in the light of the experience acquired with the GENES IV array and the MANTRA I machine. The weaknesses of the machine are analyzed, and several solutions are proposed to avoid them in a future design. A general discussion of the future of neural computers concludes this thesis.

This thesis presents a green design of fast recursive discrete Fourier transform (RDFT) architecture. The advantages of the proposed design include high-throughput, power-efficient, memory-free and more reconfigurable. This thesis also discuss the issue of applying this RDFT design to Modified Discrete Cosine Transform (MDCT) and Inverse Modified Discrete Cosine Transform (IMDCT), which results in an improvement of hardware-sharing and achieves lower-cost. To improve the lack-of-efficiency problem in traditional RDFT architecture, the 2-D architecture algorithm is used in our design. Compared with the latest RDFT architecture proposed by Lai et al, 49.53% reduction of the overall clock cycles is presented in our design; and the computational amount of multiplication and addition presented are reduced to 53.60% and 53.03% of Lai’s design. In addition, the proposed architecture holds four times of DTPT (Data Throughput per Transformation, DTPT) than the traditional architecture; which achieves our goal of presenting a low complexity and low power-cost design. Furthermore, this architecture is applied on Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) system in our design. Not only DFT computation(288、256、176、112 point) but MPGE-4 HE-AAC techniques are applied on DRM audio coding(1920、240 point). Therefore, to design a common architecture of DFT and IMDCT becomes an important issue for portable DRM receiver. This system is used to examine the performance of the RDFT architecture which we proposed in the front text as well as to discuss other architectures in this article. Moreover, this RDFT processor is implemented by using TSMC 0.18µm 1P6M CMOS technology. The core size is 0.84x0.84mm2 and the power consummation is 14.6mW@25MHz. To conclude, the proposed design would be more efficient and more suitable for DRM applications than previous works.

Presentation was given as a Key story at ResBaz Auckland 2019, 11th July, at the University of Auckland.Abstract Come and hear how to escape from cookie cutter research, through our tale of novel collaboration bringing together an unlikely team of architects, medical doctors, data scientists and visualisation specialists working to change the way we study cancer. Spoiler alert: This team worked to bring together complex cancer data, spanning time and space, in Augmented Reality to creat a tool to explore and discuss the evolution of cancer in a whole new realm. This keynote aims to inspire collaboration and ambition across faculties and across disciplines to make the most of your precious data and the resources available to you at the University.PresenterTamsin is a PhD student in the Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, learning to become an in-the-lab and staring-at-data Mad Scientist.