МЕТОДИКА РАССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ПОЖАРОВ

PurposeThis study aims to discuss the development of different fields of urban natural science as separate academic disciplines.Design/methodology/approachNotwithstanding the priority role of cities in our lives, many urban natural and technical sciences are not separate disciplines. There are many studies on urban biology, urban biotechnology, urban geology, the fields of urban engineering and medical sciences, but these directions have not yet emerged as separate disciplines. Perhaps the separation of many urban natural sciences into separate academic disciplines is premature. However, in order to improve the interconnection between the different interdisciplinary fields related to urban sciences, it is more appropriate to consider the different urban natural sciences as separate academic disciplines.FindingsThe integration of different urban natural sciences for sustainable urban development and environmental protection is of greatest interest. It is challenging to mitigate the adverse effects of ecological problems on the environment without integrating insights from diverse fields of natural science. Perhaps the allocation of urban natural sciences as a separate field of science is debatable. However, the designation of urban natural sciences as a separate field in educational programmes is relevant. The separate disciplines of “urban botany”, “urban biotechnology”, “urban physical geography” and other urban natural sciences in university curricula will contribute to the development of urban sciences.Originality/valueAt this time, there is not a single article where the various urban natural environmental sciences have been considered together. The design of educational programmes in the fields of urban natural sciences is important for education.

Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice have been widely used in various research fields including toxicology, oncology, pharmacology, and pharmaceutical product safety testing for decades. However, annual tendency of research papers involving ICR mice in various biomedical fields has not been previously analyzed. In this study, we examined the numbers of papers that used ICR mice as experimental animals in the social science, natural science, engineering, medicine-pharmacy, marine agriculture-fishery, and art-kinesiology fields by analyzing big data. Numbers of ICR mouse-used papers gradually increased from 1961 to 2014, but small decreases were observed in 2015 and 2016. The largest number of ICR-used papers were published in the medicine-pharmacy field, followed by natural science and art-kinesiology fields. There were no ICR mouse-used papers in other fields. Furthermore, ICR mice have been widely employed in cell biology studies within the natural science field as well as in biochemistry and pathology in the medicine-pharmacy field. Few ICR mouse-used papers were published in exercise biochemistry and exercise nutrition in the art-kinesiology field. Regardless in most fields, the total numbers of published papers involving ICR mice were higher in 2014 than in other years, although the numbers in some fields including dentistry, veterinary science, and dermatology were high in 2016. Taken together, the present study shows that various ICR stocks, including Korl:ICR mice, are widely employed as experimental animals in various biomedical research fields.

We have explored the extent to which faculty use various web sources of scientific literature. The findings were analyzed in relation to four variables: age and gender of study participants; field of science in which they work; their practices of exchanging scientific literature. The questionnaire was sent to employees at the Faculties of Humanities and Social Sciences, as well as to the employees of various science faculties in Croatian cities Split and Rijeka. It was found out that there are significant differences in use of web portals. More than half of participants from the fields of social sciences and humanities use very frequently Croatian portal Hrcak, in relation to only 4% of participants from the field of natural sciences. For participants in humanities the Croatian portals are most important. Scientists from the field of social sciences mostly use foreign portals. Scientists from the field of natural sciences are the most frequent users of pirate portals. It was established that older participants use most frequently Croatian portals. Younger participants most frequently use foreign and pirate portals. Croatian and foreign web portals are most frequently used by female participants, while male participants are most frequent users of pirate portals.

In the modern society of science and technology, scientific literacy is viewed as one of the key educational competencies. However, research shows that young people's interest in natural sciences is very low, that the average achievement of our 15-year-olds in the field of natural sciences is significantly lower compared to the OECD average, but also that significantly higher results in the field of natural sciences are achieved by our fourth-grade pupils who were included in the preschool education program. The paper presents the results of the research aimed at examining preschool teachers' attitudes towards natural sciences and the development of scientific competencies in preschool children. The research goal defined in this way was operationalized in the following research tasks: 1) examine how preschool teachers assess their interest in natural sciences and their knowledge in the field of natural sciences 2) examine how preschool teachers assess children's interest in the phenomena from the field of natural sciences, 3) examine what they perceive as the greatest contribution from situations during which they explore together with children the phenomena that are the subject of natural sciences. A descriptive method was used, with surveying and scaling as research techniques. The research results showed that preschool teachers have a positive attitude towards natural sciences, that they highly value children's interest in natural sciences, that they view as the greatest contribution of situations during which children explore the phenomena studied in natural sciences in that they enable children to enjoy themselves and be happy, while the smallest contribution of these situations is perceived in developing children's interest in science. Such research results show that preschool teachers have a positive attitude towards the development of scientific competences, but that they need stronger support in understanding the essential importance of the development of scientific competences in working with children.

The article is based on the materials of the monograph “Methodology of the systematics of matter”, which presents the results of scientific research published in 8 monographs and in more than a hundred scientific articles by the author. They review and systematize the results of the research on issues of the methodology as a way of scientific knowledge of the nature and evolution of the Universe. An original methodological technique is used, combining in a matrix rectangular table many elements of a system organization, the structure of nature, grouped into rows and columns. This design reflects and models everything that happens in the world. The world in this system is viewed as a projection of events taking place in a deeper, basic reality. The proposed matrix allows us to identify the logic of the origin and the relationship of individual elements of the energy systems of the Universe, including the humanity, to understand the patterns of evolutionary transformations, to outline the contours of the future. The relevance of the research is to obtain breakthrough results in the field of interdisciplinary natural sciences on the evolution of the universe and the energy processes of its self–organization and structuring. The object of the research is energy systems of self-organization and structuring of matter. The subject of the research is presented by the models of structural energy systems. The purpose of the study is to create new structural models of the object of research using the method of system modeling, clarifying the features of the evolution of the Universe. The objectives of the research are to gain new knowledge in the field of natural sciences about the evolution of the Universe, to create a methodological model of the structural and energy levels of the organization of matter. The research has established three material-energy systems, eight basic energy processes that reveal the essence of the evolutionary self-organization of matter and the methodological system of their cognition, solving a scientific problem. Matrix systematics has clarified the systemic law of the energy evolution of the universe. Structural systems are the technological components of creating artificial intelligence (AI) for future computer programs.

Individual factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in between and during pandemic waves (July–December 2020)

Some peculiarities and tendencies of the productivity of publication and invention activities for a large group of academic institutions of different scientific type of the Ukrainian SSR conducting research in the field of natural and technical sciences have been revealed.

In July 2018, 10 years have passed since the liquidation of the first state scientific institution in Ukraine, which was professionally engaged in the development of domestic single-channel polygraphs for their mobile use in practical activities. Thus, by Resolution No. 320 of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated May 5, 1995, the state institution "Research and Engineering Center "Pulse" was established in Ukraine, which was part of the Military Medical Department of the Security Service of Ukraine, with the class (type) of professional activity. Research and development in the field of natural and technical sciences" (KVED-2005: 73.10.0). Legal address: 01021, Kyiv, Pecherskyi district, Lypska street, 11. During 2001 - 2008, the Center was engaged in the development and implementation of registration devices emotional tension of a person - "lie detectors" of domestic production of the "Vector" series models - "Vector 01.1", "Vector 02.1", mock-up sample "Vector 14", as well as methodical support for scientific developments and introduction into professional activity of single-channel devices - "Vector 01.1 ", "Vector 02.1". Of the specified devices, the "Vector 14" model was produced in a single copy as an experimental, mock-up sample, which consisted of an open board of circuit elements and provided for the possibility of recording the research protocol and was supposed to become the first full-fledged Ukrainian multi-channel polygraph, however, in did not receive a connection with the suspended state funding for further development.

It has been argued that human actions through pollution and other activities have imperil survival, harm health and dislocate the well-being of man on earth. This argument's corollary is that, given the curious datum that human beings are implicated in loss and damage of the environment, actions performed by individuals have aggregate negative consequences on the environment. Yet, what African culture is and how it matters in environmental ethics is regrettably unexplored and disproportionately contested. This study examines the contributions of culture toward the preservation and protection of the environment for future generation. The study adopts qualitative methodology and content analysis, as well as “relational theory” to respond to the thesis that African culture has a moral responsibility and an in-built mechanism to protect human interactions with nature and environment. The findings show that culture has the capacity to avert loss and damage of the African environment through African ethics.

Based on the results of a quantitative survey of the subject "Gender prejudice against women in the field of science and technology" conducted by the Vietnam Women's Academy in 2021, the article analyzes gender stereotypes about the position of female scientists in the family and workplace. Research results show that the level of prejudice towards the position of female scientists in the family and the workplace is at an average level. However, a part of the respondents still have prejudiced thinking about the position of female scientists in the family as the keepers of the fire, keeping the family happy; putting family above career and in a position to support their husband's success rather than valuing their career. In addition, the research team also found some stereotypes towards the position of female scientists in the workplace such as women are suitable for professional positions, men suitable for professional leadership positions; women are more suitable for professional jobs than for management positions; Women are more suitable for deputy than the chief, especially in the fields of natural sciences, engineering, and technology.

Feminism is for everybody

Until recently, the economic entities in Russia made an assessment of their financial and economic situation according to the traditional procedures, prevalent for the decades. These techniques have played a positive role at a certain stage of development, as the Russian state, and the world economy as a whole. However, it seems the time has come to change the tradition in determining financial stability, solvency, liquidity, business enterprises, associations, sectors of the economy to make substantial changes in the conditions of economic sanctions aimed at weakening of the national economy. The approaches to the determination of the probability of enterprises’ bankruptcy, which are mainly based on the theories of Western economists, require changes.

Introduction. The economic activity of a person entails environmental, economic and social damage to the environment. The production of goods or services is associated with the consumption of natural resources and emissions that negatively affect the ecological state. Currently, there is an acute problem of the negative impact of man on the natural environment and is the main source of deterioration in the health of living beings. In modern conditions, chemical safety is one of the priority tasks of socio-economic development. To protect the environment, it is important to take appropriate measures and develop appropriate mechanisms to promote sustainable development. For this purpose, an assessment of the environmental and economic damage from human activities is required. Materials and methods. The work employs the method for determining the prevented environmental damage, approved by the Chairman of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Environmental Protection, to perform ecological and economic assessment of the environmental impact of new environmentally friendly biodegradable additives for polyvinyl chloride based on adipic acid. Results and discussion. Polymeric materials, as the most popular and widespread, make a significant contribution to the deterioration of the environmental situation. In this regard, the main values of the prevented environmental damage from soil degradation were calculated when using new environmentally friendly additives for PVC based on adipic acid. Conclusion. The introduction of the developed additives into the composition of the developed additives provides economic and environmental efficiency in order to accelerate the biodegradation of polymer composite materials, protects against chemical pollution by hazardous toxic compounds and helps prevent soil degradation.

Cave temples and monasteries are quite a rare phenomenon and have attracted a lot of attention from researchers and scientists in various fields of science for a considerable time. The experience of exploring the cave monasteries of Pridnestrovie and Prioskolye begins at the end of the XIX century, but in recent years, interest from architecture has increased and has great potential. The architecture of Christian cave temples and monasteries predetermined the development of certain principles of temple building up to our time, therefore these objects can be considered the precursors of the construction of ground-based works of temple architecture. The research process is divided into three periods: pre-revolutionary, Soviet, and modern. The correspondence of the number of published materials on the study of the cave monasteries of Pridnestrovie and Prioskolye to time periods and certain fields of science is graphically presented. The number of submitted and published materials from various fields of science for the entire period of the study of the cave monasteries of Pridnestrovie and Prioskolye is determined as a percentage, which shows the degree of study of this issue. This analysis showed an insufficient amount of materials from the field of architecture. For a more complete study in order to preserve and adapt to modern conditions of use of cave monuments as a set of archaeological, historical, architectural, etc. values require classification, identification and characterization of the spatial structure, determination of the typology and architectural features of cave temples and monasteries in a given area. It is advisable to carry out this theoretical work specifically for specialists in the field of architecture, urban planning and technical sciences, which will complement and develop the materials already obtained for a comprehensive study of historians, archaeologists, speleologists, local historians and other scientific specialists.

The article examines the problem of ensuring the effectiveness of higher education in Ukraine in the training of specialists in the field of natural sciences, in particular, the possibility of increasing the level of teaching of the discipline “Physics”. The importance of science and high technologies for the protection of Ukrainian sovereignty and the inadmissibility of the outflow of young personnel from the country were emphasized. It was noted that solving this problem requires modernization of the educational process, especially when studying physics as the basis of natural science knowledge, without a thorough study of which it is impossible to train a qualified specialist in the field of any natural science. It was determined that in the structure of the physics course of higher education institutions, the course “Quantum physics” occupies a special place, since the knowledge of quantum physics realized and learned at the appropriate level is important for the formation of students’ general scientific picture of the world. It has been established that one of the most important goals in the education of quantum physics is the systematic familiarization of students with the possibilities and prospects of quantum technologies, as well as the theoretical problems of quantum physics, the solution of which can change the idea of the world structure. To increase the productivity of students’ assimilation of modern problems of quantum physics, a methodical model of the organization of the educational process is proposed using the example of the problem of quark confinement.