固相支撑液液萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定人体尿液中17种双酚类化合物

Determining β-lactam antibiotics in aquaculture products by modified QuECHERS combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS)

Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most widely produced compounds in the world and was listed as a substance of very high concern by the European Chemicals Agency in 2016. Because of its toxicity, many countries and regions, including China, have banned BPA addition in feeding-bottles. And the European Union (EU) has banned BPA use in other food contact materials and thermal paper. Restrictions on BPA have contributed to the widespread use of alternatives. As the toxicity of BPA alternatives continues to be revealed, the alternatives of BPA alternatives are being developing. As the most extensive alternative for BPA, bisphenol S (BPS) was proven to have estrogen-disrupting effects and developmental toxicity of the neuroendocrine system. Therefore, BPS alternatives are used in thermal paper. In this study, alternatives to both BPA and BPS are collectively referred to as bisphenols (BPs). As a pooling matrix of many indoor chemicals, dust is an important pathway for human exposure to BPs. BPA and its alternatives are routinely detected in dust. As BPS alternatives have been detected in recycled paper and sludge, it is also very important to detected in dust. However, common analytical methods for BPs have low sensitivity and contain few BPS alternatives. Therefore, a high-throughput, high-accuracy, and high-sensitivity method must be established for the determination of BPs in dust; this will lay the foundation for subsequent studies on the environmental behavior and exposure risk of BPs. In this study, an ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 26 variations of BPs in dust. UPLC-MS/MS parameters of the variations were optimized to compare the separation effect and response intensity in different columns and mobile phases. The influence of the extraction solvent and solid phase extraction (SPE) on the extraction efficiency and purification effect of target compounds were optimized by using the isotopic internal standard method, and the 26 variations of BPs in dust was quantitatively analyzed. Finally, the dust samples were extracted by using 3 mL of acetonitrile and 3 mL of a 50% methanol aqueous solution in an ultrasound bath. The combined extract was further purified by using an Oasis HLB cartridge (60 mg/3 mL). The cartridge was then washed with a 40% methanol aqueous solution (0.5 mL) and eluted with methanol (2 mL). The target compounds were separated on a CORTECS® UPLC® C18 column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.6 μm), with methanol and 1 mmol/L ammonium fluoride solution as mobile phases and a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. Electrospray ionization (ESI) was applied in the positive, negative, and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes for the mass scan. Under optimized conditions, the linear ranges of the 26 targets behaved well linearly in their respective ranges with correlation coefficients (r2)>0.999. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) were assessed using signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios of 3 and 10, respectively. The LODs and LOQs of the method were 0.01-0.75 μg/kg and 0.02-2.50 μg/kg, respectively. The accuracy of the method was evaluated by conducting a recovery test at three spiked levels: LOQ, two times the LOQ, and 10 times the LOQ, with the average recoveries ranging from 83.7% to 114.9%. The precision of the method was evaluated by using the relative standard deviation (RSD). The intra-day RSDs and inter-day RSDs were 0.86%-9.79% (n=6) and 5.16%-19.5% (n=6), respectively. The established method was used to determine 11 dust samples. Fifteen BPs were detected at a detection rate of 9.1%-100.0%. The detection rate for BPA, BPS, bisphenol F (BPF), 4-hydroxy-4'-isopropoxydiphenylsulfone (BPSIP), and diphenyl sulfone (DPS) was 100.0%. BPSIP, 4-allyloxy-4'-hydroxydiphenyl sulfone (BPS-MAE), and bis-(3-allyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone (TGSA) were first detected in Chinese dust, whereas 4-benzyloxy-4'-hydroxydiphenyl sulfone (BPS-MPE), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid benzyl (PHBB), and DPS were first detected in dust samples worldwide. This method is simple, rapid, and sensitive, and is suitable for the qualitative screening and quantitative analysis of the 26 BPs in dust samples.

Herein, we successfully prepared magnetic Co/Ni-based N-doped 3D carbon nanotubes and graphene nanocomposites (CoNi@NGC) using a simple high-temperature calcination method. The CoNi@NGC nanocomposites were used as adsorbents to study their adsorption performances and underlying kinetic mechanisms for six types of bisphenol compounds (BPs) in water. They were also used as extractants, and acid-base effervescent tablets were used to enhance extractant dispersion with the aid of vigorous CO2 bubbling. Thus, a novel pretreatment method was developed, denoted effervescent reaction-assisted dispersive solid-phase microextraction (ER-DSM), which was combined with high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) to rapidly quantify trace-level BPs in several drinks. The morphology and structure of the CoNi@NGC adsorbent were characterized in detail using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), N2 adsorption and desorption (BET-BJH), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The CoNi@NGC nanocomposites were successfully doped with N and exhibited large specific surface areas (109.42 m2/g), abundant pores, and strong magnetic properties (17.98 emu/g).Key parameters were rigorously optimized to maximize the adsorption performance of CoNi@NGC, including adsorbent dosage, solution pH, temperature, and time. Under the constant conditions of pH=7, 5 mg of CoNi@NGC, initial BP concentrations of 5 mg/L, and 5 min of shaking at 298 K, the adsorption percentages of bisphenol M (BPM) and bisphenol A (BPA) reached respective maxima of 99.01% and 98.21%. Remarkably, those of bisphenol Z (BPZ), BPA, and BPM reached almost 100% after 90 min. The adsorption between the BPs and CoNi@NGC was mainly governed by hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, and π-π conjugation. The entire adsorption process was consistent with Freundlich adsorption and a quasi-second-order kinetic equation, representing spontaneous adsorption. Via integration with HPLC-FLD, ER-DSM was used to rapidly extract and analyze trace-level BPs in six types of boxed drinks. Critical factors were optimized individually, including the type of eluent and elution time and volume, which influenced the enrichment effect. Under the optimized extraction conditions (pH=7, 5 mg CoNi@NGC, elution with 2 mL acetone for 6 min), the limits of detection and quantification of the novel extraction method were 0.06-0.20 and 0.20-0.66 μg/L, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precisions spanned the ranges 1.44%-4.76% and 1.69%-5.36%, respectively, and the recoveries in the actual samples were in the range 82.4%-103.7%. Moreover, the respective residual levels of BPA and BPB in peach juice samples were 2.09 and 1.37 μg/L. Regeneration studies revealed that the CoNi@NGC adsorbent could be reused at least five times, which significantly reduced the cost of evaluation. In summary, compared to other methods, this method displays the advantages of a high sensitivity, rapid extraction, and environmental friendliness, thereby exhibiting considerable potential for use in conventional monitoring of trace-level BPs in food matrices.

An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS) method was established to investigate the pharmacokinetic behaviors of psoralenoside, isopsoralenoside, calycosin-7-glucoside, ononin, psoralen, isopsoralen, methylnissolin, and neobavaisoflavone in rat plasma after oral administration of Bufei Huoxue Capsules. After SD rats were administered with Bufei Huoxue Capsules suspension by gavage, blood samples were collected from the inner canthus at different time points. After protein precipitation, plasma samples were separated on ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_(18) column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile(A) and water(B) containing 0.1% formic acid in gradient elution. The positive and negative ions were measured simultaneously in the multi-reaction monitoring(MRM) mode. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and fitted by DAS 3.2.8. Psoralenoside, isopsoralenoside, calycosin-7-glucoside, ononin, psoralen, isopsoralen, methylnissolin, and neobavaisoflavone were detected in the rat plasma after drug administration, with AUC_(0-t) of(3 357±1 348),(3 555±1 696),(3.03±0.88),(2.21±0.33),(1 787±522),(2 295±539),(5.69±1.41) and(3.40±0.75) μg·L~(-1)·h, and T_(max) of(1.56±0.62),(1.40±0.70),(0.21±0.05),(0.25±0.12),(0.26±0.11),(0.34±0.29),(0.74±0.59), and 0.25 h. The method is proved specific and repeatable and is suitable for the determination of psoralenoside, isopsoralenoside, calycosin-7-glucoside, ononin, pso-ralen, isopsoralen, methylnissolin, and neobavaisoflavone in the rat plasma, which can be applied to pharmacokinetic study.

邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)是一种环境内分泌干扰物,广泛存在于日常生活中,并可通过多种途径进入机体。孕妇作为一类特殊人群,若暴露于PAEs,将会对子代的生长发育造成不良影响。研究建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱(SPE-HPLC-MS/MS)同时检测孕妇尿液中8种PAEs代谢物(mPAEs)的分析方法。尿液样品经β-葡萄糖苷酶酶解后,采用Bond Elut Plexa固相萃取柱净化,样品经洗脱、浓缩、复溶后,进行HPLC-MS/MS分析。采用Agilent Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱(100 mm×3 mm, 3.5 μm)进行分离,以0.1%乙酸水溶液和0.1%乙酸乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在多反应监测(MRM)模式下检测,内标法定量。 结果表明,8种mPAEs在0.1~200 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,检出限为0.015~0.048 ng/mL,定量限为0.050~0.160 ng/mL。在低、中、高3个加标水平(1、10、50 ng/mL)下,8种mPAEs的加标回收率为80.2%~99.7%。采用此方法对鄂州市妇幼保健院497名孕妇尿液中的8种mPAEs水平进行检测,结果表明,497名孕妇广泛暴露于PAEs,其中邻苯二甲酸单丁酯(MBP)的含量最高,中位数水平为104.46 ng/mL;邻苯二甲酸单苄酯(MBzP)的含量最低,中位数水平为0.22 ng/mL。同时,研究还对新生儿的出生结局进行了评估,线性回归模型表明,孕妇尿液中的邻苯二甲酸单乙酯(MEP)每增加一个自然对数(ln)水平,孕周减少0.11周(95%置信区间(CI): -0.18~-0.03);孕妇尿液中的邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基-5-氧己基)酯(MEOHP)和邻苯二甲酸单(2-乙基己基)酯(MECPP)每增加一个ln水平,新生儿出生体重分别降低39.28 g (95%CI: -76.48~-2.09)和39.62 g (95%CI: -73.73~-5.52)。该方法操作简便,检出限低,具有较高的准确度和精密度,通过此方法测定了孕妇尿液中的8种mPAEs,并结合新生儿的出生结局发现,孕期PAEs暴露会影响新生儿的生长发育。

Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical frequently detected in follicular fluid (FF), has been implicated in ovarian reserve dysfunction. However, data on the presence of its structural analogues within ovarian follicles remain limited. This study aimed to characterize the exposure profiles of BPA and its alternative in human FF and to assess their potential associations with ovarian reserve dysfunction. FF samples were collected from 104 women, including 15 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), 34 patients with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), and 55 control women. Concentrations of BPA and 34 alternatives were determined using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). A total of 24 bisphenol compounds (BPs) were identified. Bisphenol S (BPS) was the most prevalent and abundant compound, with concentrations ranging from 33.3 to 2228.4 ng/L, significantly higher than those of BPA (2.2-435.0 ng/L). This study first detected 11 BPA alternatives and 11 BPS alternatives in FF. The total bisphenol concentration (Σ35BPs) exhibited a significant decreasing gradient: PCOS group > DOR group > control group. Significant concentration differences (p < 0.05) were observed among groups for 14 individual BPs. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that most BPs exhibited positive correlations (r = 0.20-0.61, p < 0.05), except dapsone (DDS). Ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that BPA, bisphenol AF (BPAF), benzyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (PHBB), DDS, and bisphenol F (BPF) were associated with ovarian reserve markers outside the normal range. In summary, this study confirms the widespread presence of BPA alternatives in the ovarian environment, suggesting their potential role in ovarian dysfunction and emphasizing the need for further mechanistic research and longitudinal follow-up studies.

Choline chloride based natural deep eutectic solvents coupling with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy for effective extraction and rapid detection of adenosine and cordycepin in Cordyceps millitaris

Multi-class determination of around 50 pharmaceuticals, including 26 antibiotics, in environmental and wastewater samples by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Lignin is a polymer found in the cell wall of plants and is one of the main obstacles to the implementation of second-generation ethanol production because it confers the recalcitrance of the lignocellulosic material. The recalcitrance of biomass is affected by the amount of lignin, by its monomer composition, and the way the monomers are arranged in the plant cell wall. Analysis of lignin structure demands mass spectrometry analysis, and identification of oligomers is usually based on libraries produced by laborious protocols. A robust method to build a do-it-yourself lignin oligomer library was tested. This library can be built using commercially available enzymes, standards, and reagents and is relatively easy to accomplish. An ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the separation and characterization of monomers and oligomers was developed and was equally applicable to the synthetic lignin and to soluble lignin extracted from a sample of sugar cane.

Correlation between ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography hydrophobicity data for evaluation of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors absorption

Quantification of a novel natural antioxidant (UP302) in rat plasma using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

An automatic versatile system integrating solid-phase extraction with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry using a dual-dilution strategy for direct analysis of auxins in plant extracts

ABSTRACTIsomaltooligosaccharides are widely used in food with health benefits. A sensitive and selective method for the determination of three isomaltooligosaccharides is reported using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The method was validated by characterization of the linearity, accuracy, precision, and the limits of detection and quantification. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration relationships were linear for the analytes with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.998. The recoveries were from 91.5% to 107.6% with coefficients of variation below 9.0%. The limits of detection and quantification were 1.20 µg mL−1 and 3.60 µg mL−1 for isomaltose, 0.15 µg mL−1 and 0.50 µg mL−1 for panose, and 0.55 µg mL−1 and 1.80 µg mL−1 for isomaltotriose. The validated method was employed for the determination of isomaltooligosaccharides in milk powder.

Determination of commonly used azole antifungals in various waters and sewage sludge using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Ingenol is a chemically and biologically important plant-derived diterpenoid compound, first isolated in 1968 from the seed oil of a leafy shrub Croton tiglium belonging to the Euphorbiaceae plant family. Ingenol is the key precursor for the synthesis of ingenol mebutate (angelate), used to treat actinic keratosis. Although, its total synthesis was published lately, isolation from natural raw material is still used for its industrial scale production. Therefore, a rich source of ingenol seems to be of great economic importance. We have developed an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for screening of ingenol in 38 species of the Euphorbia genus. The highest ingenol concentration (547 mg.kg-1 of dry weight) was found in the lower leafless stems of E. myrsinites. Moreover, three ingenol conjugates (two known: 3-O-deca(2'Z,4'E)-dienoyl ingenol, 20-O-acetyl-3-O-deca(2'Z, 4'E)-dienoyl ingenol and one new: 3-O-octa (2'Z,4'E)-dienoyl ingenol) were successfully identified in E. myrsinites by means of accurate mass determination.