인동등과 봉독약침이 Adjuvant 투여로 유발된 류마토이드 병태모델에 미치는 실험적 연구

Purpose. To study the functional status in the body of the common carp Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) after the addition of biologically active substances in feed composition as an adaptogene and corrector of metabolic processes including the antioxidant system, catalase activity in carp body. Methodology. The experimental part of the study was performed at the laboratory of the Scientific and Research Laboratory “Aquaculture Perspectives”, Scientific and Research Laboratory of “S. Pentelyuk Physiological and Biochemical Studies”, Scientific and Research Laboratory of Ecological and Chemical Analysis and Water Monitoring of the State Education Institution “Kherson State Agrarian and Economical University” and at the laboratory of the “Kherson Production and Experimental Hatchery of Ordinary Fish Breeding”. The duration of the experimental part was 30 days. During this period, visual observation of the fish was carried out, biological material was collected for the study in accordance with the current methods in fish farming. Cytological studies of blood were carried out on smears using Micromed MDC-500-5MP eyepiece camera. ThermoMix equipment was used to transport biological material to the laboratory. The hydrochemical parameters in tanks of the recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) were investigated by express methods (tests) with the corresponding recording of results in the work journal. The reaction and ethology of the common carp Cyprinus carpio to the light was carried out using digital equipment and a LDT test. Findings. The obtained results demonstrated the positive effect of the feed factor as an adaptogene and growth stimulator on the redistribution of metabolic energy in the carp body, which in turn had a stimulating effect on the development rate and improved the general functional status of the fish body. The paper presents the results of morpho-functional, biochemical parameters of carp blood in ontogenesis when grown in recirculating aquaculture systems against the background of the application of elements to improve technological aspects while improving the adaptive capabilities of the fish body. It was found that the feed factor, when introduced into the general economic ration, promoted an increase in the average carp body weight in the experimental group, improved the parameters of homeostatic equilibrium in comparison with fish in the control group. Positive results of a scientific and experimental study on the use of the additive as an adaptogene were obtained; it was studied with the aim of activating protective mechanisms, metabolic processes of aquatic organisms under constant or systematic exposure to stress factors of a technological nature. The study showed that the body weight, yield, total number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin content, total protein, and the level of catalase activity in the experimental groups of fish exceeded these parameters in the control group. The results obtained allowed noting the activation of the antioxidant system, the restructuring of physiological and biochemical processes, mobilization systems in the carp body in the experimental group. Originality. We found a correcting effect of the feed factor on metabolic processes, the adaptive capacity of the fish organism, as well as an increase in the resistance of the body as a whole. After implementing the technological scheme of cultivation of a feed factor of natural origin as an adaptogene against the background of the influence of technological stress factors, we found a correlation between the morpho-functional, biochemical parameters of carp blood and stress markers. Addition of biologically active substances of natural origin with a pronounced adaptive and correcting physiological and biochemical parameters into the general diet of carp improved the adaptive capacity. The antioxidant system was activated against the background of the action of technological factors. Practical value. The results of scientific and experimental studies of the functional status of carp body under the influence of technological factors were presented. Parameters of the development of carp in ontogenesis when growing in recirculating aquaculture systems against the background of the introduction of multilevel elements to improve technological aspects were studied. The results demonstrated the positive effect of biologically active substances invlufrf in the feed mixture, in particular, activation of the growth rate, increase in body weight, and yield. Key words: functional state of the carp body, adaptive and compensatory parameters, development rate, recirculation systems, technological factors.

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Background: The tuberculosis morbidity rate in Bekasi area based on data from the Republic of Indonesia Ministry of Health has reached 101 people per 100,000 population in 2012. Indonesia’s Ministry of Health showed that tuberculosis patients have less economic status poor nutritional status. Patients with tuberculosis need foods that contain lots of protein and albumin such as cork fish and chicken egg white without yolk to speed up the repair of cells and tissues damaged by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis bacteria. Objective: The study was conducted to determine the increase in blood albumin levels and body weight in patients with tuberculosis by giving cork fish and egg white snacks. Methods: Analysis of the data used was a paired t-test for increases in blood albumin levels and bodyweight of the treatment group before and after giving snacks and an unpaired t-test for increases in blood albumin levels and bodyweight of tuberculosis patients between the treatment and the control group. Results: The study showed the most characteristics of tuberculosis patients ismale, age range 26-30 years, elementary-junior high school education level, labor work, income <Rp. 1,500,000,00, and the number of dependents of families consist of 4-6 people. Data analysis of blood albumin levels in the control group was significantly different from the treatment group before and after with a value of P = 0.002 which means that there was an increase in blood albumin levels and in the results of weight gain the control group was significantly different from the treatment groups before and after with a value of P = 0.004 means there is a significant increase in body weight for 15 days after being given snack. Conclusion: There was an increase in blood albumin levels and body weight in patients with tuberculosis after treatment for 15 days.

Obesity, defined as excessive body fat (25% for men; 30% for women), is a significant human health problem that has reached epidemic proportions in the United States over the last 2–3 decades (Oken and Gillman, 2003). Obesity and overweight are not confined to the United States. The World Health Organization has declared excessive weight as 1 of the top 10 health risks in the world, and 1 of the top 5 in developed nations. Obesity and overweight are associated with increased risk of a number of diseases and metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, gout, liver disease, asthma and pulmonary problems, gall bladder disease, kidney disease, reproductive problems, psychological and social problems, osteoarthritis, and certain cancers. Obesity is a significant health risk for adults, but it is a far more serious problem for children because the incidence of type 2 diabetes, usually considered an adult-onset disease, is dramatically increasing in children and adolescents along with the rise in obesity. Further, because overweight children have a

The protective and therapeutic mechanism of bee venom acupuncture (BVA) in neurodegenerative disorders is not clear. We investigated whether treatment with BVA (0.25 and 0.8 mg/kg) at the Zusanli (ST36) acupoints, located lateral from the anterior border of the tibia, has a beneficial effect in a myelin basic protein (MBP)(68-82)-induced acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) rat model. Pretreatment (every 3 days from 1 h before immunization) with BVA was more effective than posttreatment (daily after immunization) with BVA with respect to clinical signs (neurological impairment and loss of body weight) of acute EAE rats. Treatment with BVA at the ST36 acupoint in normal rats did not induce the clinical signs. Pretreatment with BVA suppressed demyelination, glial activation, expression of cytokines [interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-17, IL-17A, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and IL-1β], chemokines [RANTES, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α], and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB (p65 and phospho-IκBα) signaling pathways in the spinal cord of acute EAE rats. Pretreatment with BVA decreased the number of CD4(+), CD4(+)/IFN-γ(+), and CD4(+)/IL-17(+) T cells, but increased the number of CD4(+)/Foxp3(+) T cells in the spinal cord and lymph nodes of acute EAE rats. Treatment with BVA at six placebo acupoints (SP9, GB39, and four non-acupoints) did not have a positive effect in acute EAE rats. Interestingly, onset and posttreatment with BVA at the ST36 acupoint markedly attenuated neurological impairment in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)(35-55)-induced chronic EAE mice compared to treatment with BVA at six placebo acupoints. Our findings strongly suggest that treatment with BVA with ST36 acupoint could delay or attenuate the development and progression of EAE by upregulating regulatory T cells and suppressing T-helper (Th) 17 and Th1 responses. These results warrant further investigation of BVA as a treatment for autoimmune disorders of the central nervous system.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the medium-term effects of methotrexate (MTX) and indomethacin on the growth of young rats. Four equal groups of Sprague–Dawley male rats (four animals in each group; mean±S.D. body weight, 183±13 g, in their rapid growth phase) were subjected to the following drug treatment: one group was given MTX (0.2 mg kg−1 body weight) subcutaneously on every fourth day, another received indomethacin (2.5 mg kg−1 body weight) subcutaneously daily and the third group was given both of these drugs (MTX on every fourth day and indomethacin daily). The fourth group was injected subcutaneously with physiological saline every day to serve as a control group. Total body weight, food and water consumption by animals in each group were monitored every second day for a period of 10 weeks. After this period, liver, spleen and kidneys were excised, weighed and analysed for MTX and dihydrofolate reductase activity. Compared with the groups, which received MTX alone, indomethacin alone, or physiological saline, mean increase (17±11 g) in body weight of rats was minimal in the group receiving both MTX and indomethacin. The difference was statistically significant (p=0.001) when the values of mean increase in body weight of rats in different treatment groups after a 10-week treatment were compared. The mean weights of liver and spleen in this group receiving both MTX and indomethacin were also found to be significantly less than the weights of these organs in the control group (p<0.01). There also appears to be a decline in food consumption in this group (p<0.05). This negative effect on growth of animals in this group appears to be not only due to decreased food consumption but also due to increased inhibition of de novo pathway of DNA synthesis. This is supported by increased accumulation of MTX and decreased dihydrofolate reductase activity in this group receiving both MTX and indomethacin, as compared with the group receiving MTX alone. The data indicate an additive effect of MTX and indomethacin on the suppression of growth in young rats, alluding to the notion that patients suffering from juvenile rheumatoid arthritis or acute lymphoblastic leukaemia receiving these two drugs concomitantly over a long period of time might be at a risk of experiencing short-term suppression of growth. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the medium-term effects of methotrexate (MTX) and indomethacin on the growth of young rats. Four equal groups of Sprague-Dawley male rats (four animals in each group; mean+/-S.D. body weight, 183+/-13 g, in their rapid growth phase) were subjected to the following drug treatment: one group was given MTX (0.2 mg kg(-1) body weight) subcutaneously on every fourth day, another received indomethacin (2.5 mg kg(-1) body weight) subcutaneously daily and the third group was given both of these drugs (MTX on every fourth day and indomethacin daily). The fourth group was injected subcutaneously with physiological saline every day to serve as a control group. Total body weight, food and water consumption by animals in each group were monitored every second day for a period of 10 weeks. After this period, liver, spleen and kidneys were excised, weighed and analysed for MTX and dihydrofolate reductase activity. Compared with the groups, which received MTX alone, indomethacin alone, or physiological saline, mean increase (17+/-11 g) in body weight of rats was minimal in the group receiving both MTX and indomethacin. The difference was statistically significant (p=0.001) when the values of mean increase in body weight of rats in different treatment groups after a 10-week treatment were compared. The mean weights of liver and spleen in this group receiving both MTX and indomethacin were also found to be significantly less than the weights of these organs in the control group (p<0.01). There also appears to be a decline in food consumption in this group (p<0.05). This negative effect on growth of animals in this group appears to be not only due to decreased food consumption but also due to increased inhibition of de novo pathway of DNA synthesis. This is supported by increased accumulation of MTX and decreased dihydrofolate reductase activity in this group receiving both MTX and indomethacin, as compared with the group receiving MTX alone. The data indicate an additive effect of MTX and indomethacin on the suppression of growth in young rats, alluding to the notion that patients suffering from juvenile rheumatoid arthritis or acute lymphoblastic leukaemia receiving these two drugs concomitantly over a long period of time might be at a risk of experiencing short-term suppression of growth.

The authors proposed the use of the probiotic "Subtilis" to the ducklings of the experimental group, which allowed them to have a greater increase in body weight throughout the experiment compared to the analogues of the control group. The greatest increase in body weight was observed when weighing a poultry at the age of 36,44,50 days and during these periods it was on average higher by 106.5 g in the experimental groupcompared to the control group. Over the entire period of growing, the dynamics of the body weight of the experimental group of ducklings was higher by 3.7 % from the analogues of the control group. The average daily body weight gain of ducks was 6.1 g (9.2%) more in the period from 16 to 22 days of growing in the experimental group than in the control group. The preservation of the experimental poultry population in the period from 1 to 50 days of life increased by 7%, the growing time was reduced by 4 days.

In previous studies we found an increase in body weight during the preclinical phase of disease in certain scrapie strain-mouse strain combinations. The effect was augmented by injection into the hypothalamus. In the present study, we found an increase in food consumption (compared to the normal mouse brain injection group) for both the 139A and ME7 scrapie groups, although only the ME7 group showed an increase in body weight. In a scrapie strain-mouse strain combination that showed an increase in body weight, the adrenal gland was the only organ that showed a significant increase in weight. The titer of scrapie in the adrenals was comparatively low. Adrenalectomy prevented the increase in body weight in two strains of mice injected with the ME7 scrapie strain. The results suggest that scrapie-induced obesity depends on an effect of scrapie on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

This paper aims to investigate the effect of oral administration of Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets combined with traditional Chinese medicine on immune inflammatory index in patients with rheumatoid arthritis,in order to explore the compatibility mode of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Medical records of hospitalized patients with rheumatology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2012 to December 2017 were collected. The combined administration of Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets and traditional Chinese medicine was adopted for the experimental group,while the simply administration of Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets were adopted for the control group. SPSS 21. 0 was used to analyze the changes of general conditions and immune inflammatory metabolic indexes in the two groups of RA patients. The association rules were analyzed by SPSS Clementine 14. 2 software Apriori module,and the random walk model was evaluated by ORACLE 10 g tool. The results showed that a total of 1 220 patients with rheumatoid arthritis met the requirements of this study,including 322 in the experimental group and 898 in the control group. Before treatment,there was no significant difference in age and duration between the two groups. The difference value of Ig A,Ig G,RF,CCP-AB,hs-CRP and ESR in the two groups of RA patients decreased before and after treatment,and the experimental group was superior to the control group in reduction of Ig A,Ig G,RF,CCP-AB,hs-CRP and ESR.The control group was superior to the experimental group in reduction of Ig M( P<0. 01 or P<0. 05). Compared with before treatment,ALT,AST,ALP,GGT,CREA,BUN,b-MG,MA,TRU and Ig U all increased,with statistically significant differences( P<0. 01).The UA of the two groups of RA patients decreased after treatment,with statistically significant differences( P<0. 01). The experimental group was superior to the control group in reduction of UA,with statistically significant differences( P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01). The herbs adopted in the prescriptions of 1 220 patients were mainly classified into four categories,namely spleen-sweating herbs,blood-activating and stasis-relieving herbs,phlegm and phlegm-relieving herbs,and heat-clearing and antidote herbs. The results of association rule analysis indicated a significant correlation between the single-flavored Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets,oral Chinese medicine and immune inflammation,and improvement of liver and kidney function indexes. The results of the random walk model analysis indicated that the experimental group's Ig M and hs-CRP were superior to those of the control group in terms of random fluctuation maximum,walking positive growth rate,comprehensive evaluation index increasing rate,comprehensive improvement rate,comprehensive evaluation index recording times,and expected improvement value. The results of this study showed that the single administration of Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets can effectively improve the immune inflammatory metabolic index of patients with rheumatoid arthritis,and the combined administration of Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets and traditional Chinese medicine could alleviate the immune inflammatory index of RA patients and reduce liver and kidney dysfunction compared with simple oral administration. The comprehensive evaluation Ig M and hs-CRP in the group of combined administration of Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets and traditional Chinese medicine were better than those in the group of the Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets. There was a long-term correlation between the comprehensive evaluation index and the intervention measures of the two groups of patients.

The effect of garlic extract on body weight, feed intake, feed conversion rate, mortality rate, dressing percentage, carcass traits, chemical composition of breast muscles and blood plasma parameters was investigated in a feeding trial with 640 Ross 308 broiler chickens of both sexes. The experiment was characterised by a two-factor design, with liquid garlic extract (GFA ) and sex as factors. In comparison with the unsupplemented control group, supplementing diets with 1.00 (GFA 1), 1.50 (GFA 2), and 2.25 (GFA 3) ml kg-1 for 42 days increased body weight, with a significant difference for the GFA3 group (P≤0.01). Bird mortality was 2.78% in the control group and 0.10%, 0.63%, and 0.60% in the GFA1, GFA2, and GFA3 supplemented groups, respectively (P≤0.01). Feed intake (kg/42 days) was 4.50 per broiler in the control group and 4.51, 4.68, and 4.85 kg-1 per broiler in the experimental groups (P≥0.05), respectively. Feed conversion rate was 1.80 in the control group and 1.77, 1.76, and 1.80 kg/kg in the GFA1, GFA2, and GFA3 groups, respectively (P≥0.05). GFA increased European Production Efficacy Factor (EPEF) from 331 in the control group to 347, 363, and 356 points in the experimental groups, respectively (P≤0.01). Dressing percentage in the GFA3 group was significantly higher than in the control group (74.8% vs 72.5%; P≤0.01). GFA at the concentration of 2.25 ml kg-1 significantly increased the weight of breast muscles. Supplementing the diet with GFA at the level of 1.50 ml kg-1 caused a significant increase in liver weight (P≤0.01). Feeding with GFA at a rate of 1.5 ml kg-1 caused a significant increase in the protein and crude ash content of breast meat compared to the control group (P≤0.05). The highest dose of GFA significantly increased total protein content of serum compared to the control group (P≤0.01). No significant interaction of GFA by sex on the analysed parameters was found. It is concluded that GFA at 2.25 ml kg-1 caused a significant improvement in the body weight of broilers and their carcass parameters, while a significant reduction in bird mortality for the GFAsupplemented groups was observed during the rearing period. It appears that the optimum level of GFA , when the crude protein concentration in the commercial starter and grower diets ranges between 210 and 220 g kg-1 is 1.5-2.25 ml kg-1 of the starter and grower diets.

The aim of this study was to examine the potential antioxidant activity of curcumin in therapeutic and preventive condition and its potential role as adjuvant to conventional drug methotrexate in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The study included 104 female Wistar albino rats, 6 weeks old, body weight of 200-250g, which were divided into 8 groups (n=13 in each group): 1. CTRL: negative control, 2. CUR: positive control 1 (curcumin 200mg/kg three times a week for 4 weeks per os), 3. MTX: positive control 2 (methotrexate 0,75mg/kg i.p. two times a week for 4 weeks), 4. RA: positive control 3 (induced RA), 5. RA+pCUR: rats with induced RA + preventive administration of curcumin (curcumin 200mg/kg three times a week for 4 weeks per os before the induction of RA), 6. RA+tCUR: rats with induced RA + curcumin therapy, 7. RA+MTX+pCUR; rats with induced RA + preventive administration of curcumin + methotrexate 0.75mg/kg i.p. twice weekly for 4 weeks, 8. RA+MTX+tCUR: rats with induced RA + therapeutic administration of curcumin + methotrexate 0.75mg/kg i.p. twice weekly for 4 weeks. Potential therapeutic effect of curcumin (200mg/kg three times a week for 4 weeks orally) and RA induction were initiated on the same day; for preventive protocol, curcumin was administered 4 weeks before the start of RA induction at a dose of 200mg/kg orally three times a week. Rheumatoid arthritis was triggered by administering 0.1ml of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) subcutaneously at the base of the rat tail. Rats were sacrificed 28 days after immunization. During the experimental period, we collected data for arthritis score, radiography testing, and blood sample collecting for specific biochemical analysis for prooxidative and antioxidative parameters (superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, index of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione). Our experimental study confirmed that the therapeutic administration of curcumin reduced disease activity and significantly increased the activities of antioxidative enzymes and reduced prooxidants. Also, preventive administration, especially in combination with methotrexate, offers superior protection by limiting the onset and development of oxidative stress. These findings support the claim that curcumin as turmeric can effectively inhibit inflammatory reactions and reduces symptoms through changing the redox status. Future large randomized controlled trials on the effects of turmeric substance are needed.

The efficacy of Bioferron and Biocink on the physiological status of pigs is shown. The average daily body weight gain of piglets over the entire study period (4–60 days) in the control group was 0,25 kg. The greatest increase in body weight of piglets was noted in the 2nd (Bioferron 0,2 ml/kg) and 5th (Biocink 0,2 ml/kg) experimental groups, which amounted to 0,32 kg. The safety of piglets for the entire period of the experiment was 100 % in each of the study groups. The red blood cell level in the 2nd (Bioferron 0,2 mL/kg) and 3rd (Bioferron 0,3 mL/kg) experimental groups was 7,57±0,11 and 7,37±0,14 х1012/L, which is 7,83 and 4,99 % more than in the control (p ≤ 0,05), respectively. Among the experimental groups of piglets treated with Biocink, the highest level of red blood cells was noted in the 5th (Biocink 0,2 ml/kg) experimental group, this indicator was 7,24±0,16 х1012/l, which is 3,13% more than the control. In 90-day-old piglets, the number of red blood cells increases, its predominance in experimental groups remains. The hemoglobin level in the blood of 60-day-old piglets of experimental groups, which were given Bioferron at doses of 0,1, 0,2 and 0,3 ml/kg, exceeded the level of the control group by 14,55, 15,01 and 16,03 % (at p ≤ 0,001), respectively. In the blood of piglets that received Biocink at doses of 0,1, 0,2 and 0,3 ml/kg, the level of hemoglobin exceeded by 12,52, 12,83 (at p ≤ 0,001) and 10,38% (at p ≤ 0,01) the level of the control group, respectively. In the blood of 90-day-old piglets, the superiority of the hemoglobin level in piglets of all experimental groups over control remains. The greatest hematocrit value was observed in piglets of 60 days of age in the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups, which were given Bioferron at doses of 0,2 and 0,3 ml/kg, it was 41,29 0,29 and 41,65±0,30 %, which is 7,16 and 8,09 % more control (p ≤ 0,01). In 90-day-old piglets, a significant increase in hematocrit was observed in all test groups. A decrease in the number of leukocytes in the blood within the physiological norm indicates the normalization of metabolic processes in the body of pigs, which is expressed in the positive dynamics of changes in the morphological composition of the blood of animals treated with Bioferron and Biocink. The ratio of different forms of leukocytes in 60 and 90 daily piglets was within the physiological norm.

Methionine is a precursor of s-adenosylmethionine, the main donor of methyl radicals for methylation of DNA and other compounds. Previous studies have shown that reduced availability of methyl radicals during pregnancy/lactation decreased offspring perigonadal white adipose tissue (PWAT) and body weight. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effects of methionine supplementation during early development, a time of great ontogenic plasticity, by assessing the biometric, biochemical and behavioural parameters of the offspring of adult Swiss female mice supplemented with 1 % methionine in water 1 month before pregnancy, during pregnancy or pregnancy/lactation. After birth, the offspring were distributed into three groups: control (CT), methionine supplementation during pregnancy (SP) and methionine supplementation during pregnancy and lactation (SPL), and were followed until postnatal day (PND) 300. No changes were observed in offspring birth weight in both sexes. At PND 5, 28 and 90, no differences in body weight were found in females; however, at PND 300, SP and SPL females showed an increase in body weight when compared with the control group. This increase in body weight was accompanied by a total and relative increase in PWAT, and a decrease in locomotor activity in these groups. No differences in the body and organ weights were found in male offspring. In conclusion, the increased availability of methyl radicals during pregnancy and lactation impacted long-term body composition and locomotor activity in female offspring.

Morphological and functional alterations of female reproduction after regular exposure of bamboo shoots of North East India