２０世紀の医学図書館をふりかえって 第１回ＪＭＬＡ協議会を開催した新潟医科大学

Necessity of establishing a national information network in medicine is beginning to be recognized in Japan.The trend has been more prominent in the United States where the National Library of Medicine's MEDLARS is actually being operated with its satelite centers located in not only various parts of the country but also in England, in Sweden and now in Australia. Herner's design for a medical library and information system, recommended to the Department of Health, Education and Welfare in 1966, was a plan of very large scale but it had many subsystems already in existence to build up the main scheme on them. The basic idea of this plan might be adaptable in planning our national information system but changes will be necessary to make it fit to our situation.In Japan, medical libraries are fairly active in literature providing services but not so in information services. For instance, out of 51 member libraries of the Japan Medical Library Association, only few of them are doing literature search as their regular service. But on the other hand, these 51 member libraries which include all of 46 medical school libraries, with the total of 3,754,808 bound periodical volumes and books, and subscription of 51,453 periodical (5,036 different titles), lent out 626,612 volumes to their areas, and sent to other member libraries 42,831 of their library materials and their photo copies as interlibrary loan in one year from April 1966 to March 1967. The association divides Japan into 9 districts to serve but the members are not divided evenly. In the case of Kanto district, there are 18 member libraries out of all 51 and they have 1,228,331 volumes, or 32.7% of all 3,754,808 volumes.The units which are to be included in the proposed information network in Japan are these, such as, a national center, district centers, specialized centers, data ceters, interlibrary centers, and the units with clearing house function.The national center will have a wholesale dealer's function in handling literature and switching information. District centers are depending on the national center for the supply of literature and processed information, but they are also the central unit in their own districts. Specialized centers collect all the materials in a certain special subject field, analyse their contents and provides an answer to the requested question in the field. Data center will do similar function but they will handle data and not information. For interlibrary centers which we don't have anything of the sort at the moment, will be set up after the model of the New York Medical Library Center.To carry out this plan, establishment of the national center will be the first and the largest problem of all. The Japan Information Center of Science and Technology (JICST) will be the only possible candidate for this though it is a new comer in medical field and it does not have a large enough medical collection nor experience of handling medical information.But the JICST decided to extend there serving fields to include biomedicine and agriculture. The JICST also is negotiating with the National Library of Medicine in Bethesda on setting up a MEDLARS' searching center in it. Therefore, with close cooperation from the Japan Medical Library Association and its member libraries, it can grow into a satisfactory national center. As for the district centers, 10 or 12 of the largest and most active medical school libraries should be selected and strengthened to make them possible to do their role. Specialized centers, data centers and inter library centers are the ones which should be built up from nothing. An inter library center will be necessary in each of the east and west Japan areas. The national referral center and an information center on “who's doing what research in medicine” should be established in the national center but with help in gathering the needed information for the service from the member libraries of the Japan Medical Library Association. The weak points of the plan are:The necessity of organizing a national network of medical information handling is not fully recognized by researchers, clinicians, and faculty members of the medical schools.There is no medical information system of any size which can be a core or a subsystem of the network, except the Japan Medical Library Association's interlibrary loan system.

The journal in relation to library practice is one of the most important materials for self-education of medical librarians. The author surveyed the status of the journals held in member libraries of the Japan Medical Library Association in List of Current Periodicals Acquired by the Japanese Medical, Dental and Pharmaceutical Libraries, and counted citations of articles written by member librarians in Proceedings of the Workshop for Medical Librarians and Proceedings of the Seminar for Medical Librarians. It was found that the more member libraries hold the journal, the more frequently it is used by member librarians, and that 14 Japanese journals including Igaku Toshokan, Yakugaku Toshokan, Joho Kanri and Daigaku Toshokan Kenkyu, and 4 foreign ones including Bulletin of the Medical Library Association are essential ones for the medical library.

Ｄｏｃｕｍｅｎｔ Ｄｅｌｉｖｅｒｙの現状と今後 Ｄｏｃｕｍｅｎｔ Ｄｅｌｉｖｅｒｙと日本医学図書館協会

This paper discusses the Japan Medical Library Association during its 60‐year history and its present situation, and briefly examines future possible developments in the Association.

「医学図書館」誌の役割と今後

Objective Brain parenchymal involvement in Behçet's disease (BD) (neuro-Behçet's disease, NB) can be classified into acute type (ANB) and chronic progressive type (CPNB) based on differences in the clinical course and responses to corticosteroid treatment. The present study developed evidence-based recommendations for the management of NB. Methods The task force of the research subcommittee consisted of seven board-certified rheumatologists (one was also a board-certified neurologist) and three board-certified neurologists. First, several clinical questions (CQs) were established. A systematic literature search was performed by The Japan Medical Library Association in order to develop recommendations. The final recommendations for each CQ developed from three blind Delphi rounds, for which the rate of agreement scores [range 1(strongly disagree)-5(strongly agree)] was determined through voting by the task force. Results A flow chart of the algorithm was established for the management of ANB and CPNB. Thirteen recommendations were developed for NB (general 1, ANB 7, CPNB 5). The strength of each recommendation was established based on the evidence level as well as the rate of agreement. Conclusion The recommendations generated in this study are based on the results of uncontrolled evidence from open trials, retrospective cohort studies and expert opinions, due to the lack of randomized clinical trials. Nevertheless, these recommendations can be used for international studies, although verification by further properly designed controlled clinical trials is required.

第70回日本医学図書館協会総会, 極私的報告

BackgroundThe Japanese Society of Gastroenterology (JSGE) published ‘‘Daicho Polyp Shinryo Guideline 2014′’ in Japanese and a part of this guideline was published in English as “Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for management of colorectal polyps” in the Journal of Gastroenterology in 2015. A revised version of the Japanese-language guideline was published in 2020, and here we introduce a part of the contents of revised version.MethodsThe guideline committee discussed and drew up a series of clinical questions (CQs). Recommendation statements for the CQs were limited to items with multiple therapeutic options. Items with established conclusions that had 100% agreement with previous guidelines (background questions) and items with no (or old) evidence that are topics for future research (future research questions: FRQs) were given descriptions only. To address the CQs and FRQs, PubMed, ICHUSHI, and other sources were searched for relevant articles published in English from 1983 to October 2018 and articles published in Japanese from 1983 to November 2018. The Japan Medical Library Association was also commissioned to search for relevant materials. Manual searches were performed for questions with insufficient online references.ResultsThe professional committee created 18 CQs and statements concerning the current concept and diagnosis/treatment of various colorectal polyps, including their epidemiology, screening, pathophysiology, definition and classification, diagnosis, management, practical treatment, complications, and surveillance after treatment, and other colorectal lesions (submucosal tumors, nonneoplastic polyps, polyposis, hereditary tumors, ulcerative colitis-associated tumors/carcinomas).ConclusionsAfter evaluation by the moderators, evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for management of colorectal polyps were proposed for 2020. This report addresses the therapeutic related CQs introduced when formulating these guidelines.

Bibliographic verification is greatly emphasized in the interlibrary loan works of the Japan Medical Library Association (JMLA). However, in actual fact, most member libraries manage to verify bibliographic data in spite of the recent opinion that bibliographic verification is unnecessary.Analyzing the reasons for refusal to measure the effect of bibliographic verification, it is clear that half of them relate to the fact that the items requested are not held, and that bibliographic verification is not particularly helpful in avoiding refusals. Moreover, it appears that the provision of missing bibliographic data does not always contribute to the eradication of refusals. The author points out that holding, arrival and binding information also needs to be checked systematically, and that this information is necessary for any discussion of medical librarianship in terms of bibliographic verification.

From the old days, a librarian has been expected to have some knowledge of the subject his library aimes to cover, and of one or two foreign languages, besides his knowledge of library science.It is not quite unusual today for someone with some natural science background and library science education to seek a job at a medical library. However, it would be yet an exceptional case, if a medical doctor becomes a professional librarian. Accordingly, a course of elementary knowledge in medical science and its terminology is necessary for education of medical librarians.About 60 per cent of the books and journals in medical libraries in Japan are in foreign languages. And English is predominant as an international language in the medical science fields.Besides the knowledge of general library science a medical librarian is expected to have additional knowledge of medical library administration and of medical bibliography.Because of the development of MEDLARS, medical libraries in the United States became more active in literature search and other information services. And the Knowledge relating to these activities is getting to be another necessary requirement for medical librarians.In Japan, a nation wide network of interlibrary loan service among medical libraries has been well established by the effort of the Japan Medical Library Association. However, but when it comes to information service, even though the International Medical Information Center, Inc. (IMIC) is handling more than 700 manual search requests a year, and the Japan Information Center for Science and Technology (JICST) began its service as a MEDLARS search center for this country from June 1972, no systematic (nation wide) service exists.Computer applications in various medical information activities are being developed rapidly, but the Japanese medical librarians are left behind of this development. In the United States, as is it was shown in the effort of the Curriculum Committee of the Special Interest Group/Education for Information Science of the American Society for Information Science in determining the core curriculum of education for librarians and information specialists, the need for more advanced information services which require the knowledge of behavior science, computer science, system theory, mathematics, linguistics and traditional library and information science is fully realized.The IMIC is providing the scientists and other workers in the field of health science with various information services, such as retrospective and current awareness literature search, translation, indexing, abstracting and other similar activities. The core of the knowledge needed for the staff of the IMIC are elementary knowledge of health science and its terminology, and English, in addition to the basic theory of library and information science. The skill and knowledge of literature search technology is also required for the people who work at the various sections of the Literature Information Service Division of the IMIC.Among other knowledge and skills considered necessary for the Center’s staff, elementary of system theory and of computer science are regarded as more important ones.At the moment, in Japan, no library school is teaching any special course for medical librarians, but the course is necessary if medical libraries are expected to serve their clients satisfactorily in the new field of information service.In the United States, in 1968, there were already 17 library schools offering some specialized courses for education of medical librarians. These courses can be classified into three groups; those designed to provide a general introduction to medical librarianship, those devoted primarily to medical bibliography, and those developed to provide instruction in depth in specialized aspects of medical librarianship.The School of Library and Information Science of Keio University at the moment does not provide any specialized course for education of medical librarians. When we think about the fact that more than one fifth of their graduates work at medical libraries, it would be desirable for the school to establish such courses for medical librarians as those presently given by some of the American library schools.

Elizabeth was born in

The article gives a general survey about medical libraries in Ukraine and their targets. There are 700 medical libraries in Ukraine, 19 of those are scientific university libraries. Among their current tasks are content analysis of web resources of the medical university libraries, which were executed in 2016. Holding analysis and other projects of the medical university libraries of Kiev, Odessa, Lviv and Kharkiv were also presented. All medical libraries are member of the Ukrainian Library Association (ULA).

Growth and demand for consumer health information services has been well documented [1–4]. In the past twenty years, medical librarians have transitioned from cautious providers of consumer and patient health information to leaders of outreach programs in which they coordinate with medical professionals and public librarians to serve their communities' health information needs. So prevalent are these services that the Medical Library Association provides guidance on its Consumer and Patient Health Information Section (CAPHIS) website [5], and the American Library Association has issued a policy to guide the growing number of services in providing consumer health information [6]. Beginning with a grant from the Tennessee State Library and Archives, Preston Medical Library, located in Knoxville, Tennessee, has provided a free telephone-based consumer health information service for area citizens and University of Tennessee Medical Center patients and their families since 1989. Despite the wide availability of the Internet, a recent survey of consumers in Tennessee funded by the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM), Southeastern/Atlantic Region, to which 233 individuals responded, showed that the inability to identify reliable sources was the single most important stumbling block to finding health information. In the same survey, 37% of respondents ranked libraries as one of their top 3 sources of health information along with doctor's office (61%); Internet and magazines (54%); and newspapers, magazines, and books (25%) [7]. A recent Pew report on the demographics of Internet users shows that while 71% of all adult Americans go online, only 32% of those over 65 and just 55% of those living in households with less than $30,000 in annual income have Internet access [8]. Because a library-based telephone reference service is a low technology way to obtain health information and libraries are a trusted source of health information, populations who are not using the Internet are an important target for the Preston Medical Library's consumer health service. Preston markets its service in various ways. Brochures in physicians' offices and flyers sent to public health departments promote the service to outpatients. In the hospital, information is provided in new patient packets. The library website includes a page describing the Preston Consumer and Patient Health Information Service and suggests other reliable consumer health sites. Preston partners with Knox County Public Library to distribute brochures and provide train-the-trainer classes to staff. Librarians exhibit at community events and speak to consumer groups. This project was undertaken to analyze the demographics of those who called the service in order to assess outreach methods, and change them if needed, and was designed to reach two target groups without Internet access: the elderly and those living below the poverty level. Demographic information could also be helpful in obtaining additional funding to reach these target groups.

The purpose of this paper is to share information about the library instmction effozis of medical school and hospital librarians. The information to be discussed is based on a formal survey of 139 medical school libraries and 84 hospital libraries in the United States and Canada. The survey, in the form of a questionnaire, was distributed in the 1981/82 school year. The main emphasis of the questionnaire centered on the types of instmctional activities being offered in each library and the user groups participtating in these instructional activities. Organizational status within the Medical Library Association (MLA) is also explored. The paper provides a detailed examination of the responses received.

Mrs Lilian Sargeant MBE FLA 1907–98