以資料預設介面協助公共圖書館讀者使用電子資源整合查詢系統之評估研究－以臺北市立圖書館Hyint2.0系統為例

The popularity of Bravo channel's Project Runway has translated into increased interest in fashion and design among the general public and prompted a rise in students applying to apparel design and textile science programs. Parson's The New School for Design (where Project Runway is filmed) has seen a 22 percent increase in enrollment applications. (1) The trade publication Women's Wear Daily notes that Otis College, Savannah College of Art, Fashion Institute of Technology, and Fashion Institute of Design and Merchandising have also felt the effects of an increase in public awareness. The continued success of Project Runway and other shows that stress the role of fashion in our lives, has given rise to new demands on the fashion and textile collections in both public and academic libraries. To address the need to evaluate these collections, Monique Delatte and Lore A. Guilmartin have compiled a collection guide designed for large public libraries with populations interested in fashion in general and for academic libraries that serve programs in textile-related studies including fashion design, costume history, textile science, fashion merchandising, the social psychology of dress, and clothing and textile economics. Delatte and Guilmartin are well qualified to suggest materials for such a core collection. Delatte is a reference librarian in the County of Los Angeles Public Library system. She holds a B.S. in Apparel and Textile Design from Louisiana State University, and an M.S.I.S. in Library and Information Science from The University of Texas at Austin. Guilmartin is a reference and instruction librarian at the University of Houston-Downtown. She has a Ph.D. in Anthropology from Texas A&M University and an M.S. in Textiles and Clothing from Iowa State University. She earned an M.S.I.S. in Library and Information Science at the University of Texas at Austin. This guide grew out of survey work the authors conducted in 2007. Delatte and Guilmartin contacted administrators, educators, and subject librarians at forty-four public and private colleges and universities, asking questions about core resources in the field. They used the results of the survey, an exhaustive literature review, and their own expertise to create this list of key titles and resources.--Editor BOOKS AND REFERENCE TITLES Though some of the monographs listed below are out of print, each is a valuable component to a well-balanced textiles and clothing collection. Libraries currently owning these titles should retain them, as they provide depth and breadth to the collection and are classic resources. Abling, Bina. Model Drawing. New York: Fairchild Books & Visuals, 2003 (ISBN: 978-1563672750). An excellent addition to the academic library working collection for design students, chapters include Close-up Studies, Fashion Anatomy for Children, Men's Posing Dynamics, and Styling, iLayout, and Composition for Women. The CD-ROM included in this text is especially useful for fashion illustration students as it allows users to shift the poses of models and then rotate the models. American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists. AATCC Technical Manual. New York: Published for the Association by Howes Publishing, 1963--(ISSN: 0734-8894). Published annually, the AATCC Technical Manual lists and describes the standardized textile testing methods that are integral to assessing textile characteristics and quality. This manual is an indispensable tool for all textile scientists. Boucher, Francois, and Yvonne Deslandres. 20,000 Years of Fashion: The History of Costume and Personal Adornment. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1987 (ISBN: 978-0-8109-1693-7). Based primarily on artwork, Boucher's costume history depicts the fashions of the European elite from prehistory to the mid-twentieth century. The text summarizes the evolution of costume within the western world and offers useful background to students of costume history. …

Hierarchical category directories, in which categories are recursively partitioned into sub-categories, have been provided by many information sources, such as news, online stores and shopping websites. Such information sources categorize instances in their databases, and support category-constrained search in which one usually navigates along the category directory to select a category, and then submits a query to find objects in the selected category whose descriptions match the query. As more and more online sources are available, it is challenging to build a meta-search system which provides a unified directory and a meta-search capability to search and access all sources from different websites in one query submission. One of the fundamental problems in building such a meta-search system is category mapping which maps the selected category in the unified directory to categories provided by the information sources. In this paper, we develop an efficient algorithm for category mapping between hierarchical directories. Our algorithm is based on the following two techniques: consistency refinement and hierarchical substitution, which are developed with extensive use of hierarchical structures. Experiment shows that our approach substantially improves previous approaches, and can be used to implement automatic category mapping for meta-search systems which support category-constrained search.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore stress among reference library staff in academic and public libraries in one of the European countries. The study has been conducted to ascertain whether members of the reference staff undergo stress, whether they consider the reference work stressful, how often they are exposed to stress, which situations are most stressful and how they cope with stress in the workplace and in their private lives.Design/methodology/approachA semi-structured interview is applied as a data collection technique so that interviewees are able to express their opinions on stress and to describe stress as an individual experience. A convenience sample of members of the reference library staff in ten academic and ten public libraries is prepared.FindingsThe reference library staff in the academic and public libraries is aware of stress causing damage to one’s health and work performance. The reference staff in the public libraries is more frequently exposed to stress than those in the academic libraries. The users are considered the main stressor owing to their complex reference questions, vague information needs and requests, wanting information and materials immediately, not following the library rules, etc.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample is small and not representative, including only two types of libraries. The research may serve as a preliminary study, as it offers insights into the work-related stress among the reference staff in the academic and public libraries.Originality/valueThis is the first research on the stress of the reference library staff in the academic and public libraries in the country. It contributes to the understanding of the work-related stress in the libraries. Identifying stressful situations can help the reference staff and employers take appropriate strategies to cope with stress.

The dossier “Innovative Libraries” presents a review of the experiences of libraries that have in common the search for solutions aimed at redefining their role, with particular attention to the social dimension and new paths of access to knowledge. From a library experience conceived as a community hub, we move on to examine a case of involvement of local businesses in a cultural welfare perspective. The case of Turin is original. Here libraries offer to citizens hospitality in their offices to meet with professionals (accountants, notaries, etc.) to obtain advice, while in Rome and Milan there is a growing commitment to the prison population. The case of proximity libraries and condominium libraries is unique, while the promotion of active citizenship and the practice of listening is growing. Innovating also means transferring skills to students that enable them to operate in a Wikimedian environment or use the collections as an opportunity for conversation with the community. Innovation for academic libraries also passes through their ability to present themselves as digital and participatory thanks to the opportunities offered by the Third Mission and the opportunities offered to academic libraries to respond to the strong drives towards open science. Finally in a short article is described the new alliance between a public library and a library for patients of an oncology institute.

The dossier “Innovative Libraries” presents a review of the experiences of libraries that have in common the search for solutions aimed at redefining their role, with particular attention to the social dimension and new paths of access to knowledge. From a library experience conceived as a community hub, we move on to examine a case of involvement of local businesses in a cultural welfare perspective. The case of Turin is original. Here libraries offer to citizens hospitality in their offices to meet with professionals (accountants, notaries, etc.) to obtain advice, while in Rome and Milan there is a growing commitment to the prison population. The case of proximity libraries and condominium libraries is unique, while the promotion of active citizenship and the practice of listening is growing. Innovating also means transferring skills to students that enable them to operate in a Wikimedian environment or use the collections as an opportunity for conversation with the community. Innovation for academic libraries also passes through their ability to present themselves as digital and participatory thanks to the opportunities offered by the Third Mission and the opportunities offered to academic libraries to respond to the strong drives towards open science. Finally in a short article is described the new alliance between a public library and a library for patients of an oncology institute.

Introducing e-books into Swedish libraries has been influenced by the idea of equal access to all media for all Swedish citizens as well as by librarians’ wish to provide the best possible service to their users. Libraries perceived this new resource and service as a way of fulfilling their specific function in a democratic society, which is usually described as mediation (or transfer) of knowledge and culture to all. This is a common basis for the incorporation of new media and information resources (including e-books) into Swedish academic and public libraries. Apart from this common platform, we see other similarities in working with e-books in both types of libraries, but also a number of differences. Most of them relate to the position of libraries within their respective context and in relation to their specific role. Academic libraries are quite influential players in the global scholarly communication and supporters of both research and study processes. As such they are embedded in a mainly international market of scientific information and scholarly materials. They have significant resources provided by their parent universities for the acquisition of scholarly material and a wide choice of commercially available material from different providers. They are also incorporated into a national library consortium with great negotiation power. Thus, they have more freedom to experiment with a variety of business and pricing models offered on the international market. They also have a high competence in publishing and are often publishers themselves. Their involvement in research processes and in open access initiatives puts them in a position to provide expertise to researchers in the areas of publishing and intellectual property protection. Public libraries are part of the local cultural and educational landscape. As such, they depend on the production of media and content in national languages which helps cater to the needs and demands of the local population. They are also customers on the limited market of publishing, entertainment and education-related materials which help fulfil their function as educators. As public libraries offer open and free access to their resources to the entire population of a certain area, eventually covering the whole country, they are regarded as a disruptive element in the market economy. This perceived threat from public libraries was reborn with the emergence of e-books. Despite their differences, both academic and public libraries face similar challenges and problems relating to the management of their collections, creating metadata, and providing access to their content. So far, there haven’t been any mutually satisfactory solutions.

Rationale of Study – Exploring the utilisation of ChatGPT in academic libraries, with a focus on ChatGPT's views, not only addresses immediate concerns within the library community but also advances an understanding of the evolving relationship between artificial intelligence and information services in contemporary society.Methodology – The study focused on the unique perspectives or viewpoints of ChatGPT itself. The main objective of the study was to explore ChatGPT's selfawareness and understanding of its role within the academic library context, including its perception of challenges, limitations, and contributions in facilitating information access and user support. The principal theory for this research study was grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which proposed that the perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of technology are critical determinants of users' intentions to adopt and use that technology.Findings – The findings revealed that ChatGPT demonstrated an understanding of its function in this context, enhancing the user experience, addressing information queries, and navigating the diverse needs of library patrons. It acknowledged both its contributions and limitations. It recognised challenges in facilitating information access and user support, indicating a nuanced understanding of its role in assisting library patrons.Implications – This research contributes to the field of library and information science and offers insights into the broader implications of incorporating AI in information service settings.Originality – The study is one of the few exploring the perspectives on how it can help improve library services.

PLoS Chairman of the Board Harold Varmus applauds the newly enacted NIH public access policy as a positive step toward ensuring greater access to and better use of the scientific literature.

The modern libraries are equipped with latest technological developments ranging from digital Archives, repositories, delivery of the net contents and providing seamless global access to the digital information resources. This paper focuses on the importance of library user studies and stresses the required methodological procedures. Keywords: Digital library, ICT, users.

A review of:
 Hernon, P., & McClure, C. (1986). Unobtrusive reference testing: The 55 percent rule. Library Journal, 111(7), 37-41.
 
 
 Objective – To determine the number of government documents reference questions that are answered correctly by professional library staff.
 
 Design – The authors utilized unobtrusive reference testing: reference queries posed to library personnel who were unaware they were being evaluated. As opposed to other designs that require the researcher’s presence in the setting, unobtrusive testing utilizes proxies to administer test questions to the subjects, reducing the possibility of reporter bias.
 
 Setting – Twenty-six public and academic libraries participating in the U.S. Government Printing Office Depository Program located in the Western, Southern, and Midwestern United States. The Federal Depository Program consisted of 1400 libraries at the time of the study. One public and one academic library were chosen for each city.
 
 Subjects – Reference and government documents librarians. These two staff types were selected in order to compare the accuracy of each group’s responses to the queries.
 
 Methods – A set of 15 predetermined factual and bibliographic questions were developed by the authors and administered to library staff respondents by proxies. Government documents were selected as the foundation for the test questions. In selecting federal depository libraries for their sample the authors could ensure all queries may hypothetically be answered using U.S. Government Printing Office documents, as all of the libraries would hold the resources in question.
 
 Graduate students enrolled in the University of Arizona and University of Oklahoma library science programs were trained by the authors to serve as proxies. The proxies posed as library users and administered the set of queries at each selected library. Reference librarians and government documents librarians were tested separately, receiving seven and eight questions respectively at each library visited. Over a four-month period a total of 390 questions were posed and their answers recorded.
 
 Main Results – The respondents correctly answered 241 of 390 queries (62 percent). Government documents librarians accurately answered 65 percent of questions, while reference librarians successfully responded to 59 percent. Hernon and McClure derived the “55 percent rule” for reference accuracy from these results and previous unobtrusive studies conducted by both the authors and other researchers. This body of research estimates the rate of accurate answers of factual and bibliographic questions to be between 50 and 62 percent.
 Data regarding the “interview and search process” (I&S), defined as the activities between the time a query was posed and when a resolution was provided, also yielded intriguing findings. Regardless of the question asked, the average I&S duration was three to five minutes. Two-thirds of the accurate answers were supplied within three minutes, and 89 percent within five minutes of the initiation of I&S. The duration of I&S did not vary significantly by library type or librarian type.
 
 Reasons for the provision of inaccurate answers included providing the wrong data (64 percent of instances), responding with “don’t know” and ending the interaction (20 percent), or claiming the library did not own a source that would answer the query (15 percent). Other findings included the fact that respondents infrequently offered referrals, which took place in 17 percent of all interactions, and that the three geographic regions studied had an even distribution of correct answers.
 
 Conclusions - Based on their research results as well as those of similar unobtrusive studies, the authors propose two rules regarding reference assistance that apply to public and academic libraries. First, reference librarians correctly answer approximately 55 percent of factual and bibliographic queries received (the 55 percent reference rule). Second, librarians spend no more than five minutes on most factual and bibliographic questions (the five-minute answer rule).
 
 Ultimately, Hernon and McClure recommend reevaluating the centrality of reference services to library operations. If trained professionals are unable to answer more than 60 percent of factual questions correctly, should reference services continue to receive such considerable staffing and funding? Or, alternatively, should libraries increase efforts to improve the accuracy of answers? The authors close by challenging the profession to address the need for strategic assessment of reference effectiveness.

The Disabilities in LIS SIG session features presentations by American and Canadian researchers on a wide array of disability and accessibility-related topics. The first part of the session includes five 10-min research- and experience-based talks. It opens up with Kawooya, Robinson, Copeland, and Fox discussing a pilot study focused on the “Equitable Access for the Blind, Visually Impaired, and Print-Disabled (BVIPD) Students in Online Learning” (funded by USC). In “Ableism Rekindled: Experiences of Ph.D. Student During the COVID-19 Pandemic,” Dali and Charbonneau explore the experiences of disabled and neurodiverse Ph.D. students from LIS programs in Canada and the U.S. (funded by DU). To continue the theme of academia in “Discouraging Accessibility Through Poor Accessibility Training: An Antidote,” Smith addresses ways in which such training can have a negative effect on faculty and staff’s willingness to promote accessibility. Looking into professional settings, Rathbun-Grubb examines the “Post-COVID Work Experiences of Librarians with Chronic Health Conditions” based on the survey data collected in 2022. Bringing public libraries into the mix, Cahill, Adkins, Sartin Long, and Long examine why it is so challenging to engage public libraries in research-to-practice projects that improve access to library for families with young children with disabilities (funded by IMLS).
 Engaging a new format of blitz reports, the second part of the session highlights the news and updates on seven ongoing or recently completed projects. In their elegiac “May Be a Picture of a Dog and a Book,” Hill and Oswald share results of the study that examined the inaccessibility of social media feeds in Ontario public libraries. Guided by a critical disability studies approach, Lundy reports on preliminary findings from the dissertation-in-progress that investigates how and why individuals with non-apparent chronic illnesses share their health stories on TikTok. In the “The Prevalence of Public Library Makerspaces and Maker Programs for Youth with Disabilities,” Jung and Abbas share the initial findings from the project that investigates strategies for including youth with disabilities in public library markerspaces (funded by IMLS). Continuing this theme, Koh and Seo engage the audience in their participatory design project “Promoting Computational Thinking Skills for Blind and Visually Impaired Teens Through Accessible Library Makerspaces” (funded by IMLS). Based on the recently published co-authored study, Tobin explores “Representations of Children with Disabilities in a Public Library Board Book Collection.” In “Broadening Academic Library Employment: Neurodiversity in Academic Library Hiring,” Thompson and Dali report select findings from the pilot project focused on exploring barriers and supports in academic library hiring practices (funded by IMLS). To wrap up this stellar line-up of presentations, Phillips and Fife turn their attention to accommodation requests from academic librarians and library staff in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

SUMMARY Popular fiction collections are found in public and academic libraries, serving the needs of scholars, students, and recreational readers. Interdisciplinary research into the interaction of reader and text underscores the appeal of popular and genre fiction and emphasizes its value. Selectors should have background knowledge in the structure and characteristics of the body of popular fiction, an understanding of the reader, and expertise in all aspects of library service. Strategies for selecting and acquiring popular fiction include developing policy grounded in the library's mission, sharing knowledge with patrons and colleagues, analyzing pertinent in-house data, and using standard and specialized bibliographies and review sources.

Local content is content that is owned by a library with a particular subject, for example the local content of a city or regional public library is a collection of books and non-book libraries that talk about the city or area of the library. But for the Public Library of Malang City, local content is divided into two types, namely collections of authors from Malang and collections that talk about Malang. The local content of Malang City Public Library must be highlighted, one of them is by doing a promotion, to become a differentiator of the public library with other public libraries. This research is a qualitative research with descriptive method. Data retrieval is done by observing and interviewing the librarians of Malang City Public Library and Malang Community.

Social networks play many social, cultural, educational, etc. roles in thelives of individuals in different cultures. There is no doubt that public librarieshave been heavily influenced by social networks in providing information servicesto the users. Therefore, any information specialist must make the best use of it tofill the gaps that his library cannot do, either for lack of time or for a tight budget.Also, social networks help the information specialist to provide what is new to theusers, as they always needs to know the new trends and waits the library toprovide him with.Public libraries in today's world are no longer as they were in the past,especially in the developed countries, because of their use of moderntechnologies that have emerged in the field of communications and informationtechnology, which became known as the “era of information and knowledge”,which imposed a new reality and cast a shadow over public libraries in all itsaspects and components. From: concepts and objectives through buildings,equipment, manpower, programs and services to planning, execution andevaluation. All this was covered by the winds of change and the introduction ofthese technologies became an important requirementThis study attempts to identify the importance of social networks indeveloping services provided by the public libraries affiliated to the GeneralAuthority for Cultural Palaces at Alexandria governorate as a public libraries thatneed to be presented with their services wherever the user resides and at anytime. Also, the public libraries should make all their services available throughtheir websites. The study also tries to know the extent of the impact of social networks to increase the number of users of the services of these libraries, alsoThe study attempts to serve as a guide that can be used by libraries of culturalpalaces through proposals that will increase the effectiveness of benefiting fromits services in the age of social networks.The study based on the field survey methodology to determine theservices provided by the libraries of cultural palaces in Alexandria Governorate inthe era of social networks, and collecting facts and data, and then explainingthem to use their semantics in achieving the objectives of the study, One of themost important findings of the study that, social networks have helped to providebetter services, increasing the number of users from these libraries day after day

Public libraries submit the number of holdings and circulation of items in their collections to their state libraries annually, which in turn report these statistics to the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) Public Library Survey (PLS). The reported numbers qualify public libraries for federal and state funding. Additionally, the quantity of holdings (traditionally monographs, serials and physical popular media) is often compared to the circulation (number of check-outs) of those items to calculate a cost-per-circulation number. This calculation becomes complicated when a library’s “holdings” become ephemeral due to the nature of digital media and digital licensing models. This article describes several existing metrics for assessing the holdings and circulation of digital assets within both public and academic libraries and argues for the adoption of post-custodial holding metrics used by archives to better represent items available to library patrons, especially those in traditionally underserved demographics.