從顧客心聲(VOC)到設計者心聲(VOD)_對於台灣建設產業的知識處理觀點之研究

Context: Successful software systems continuously evolve to accommodate feature requests of a diverse customer-base. At some point during this evolution, the variety of customer needs and increased system complexity suggests the consideration of a software product line (SPL).Aim: The goal of this research is to support the decision maker facing the enhancement of an evolving software system (ESS) by determining the most appropriate product line design (out of a given set of candidate SPL portfolios) to minimize the technical risk and maximize the business value.Method: The proposed method called OPTESS is aimed at finding an evolution plan for the ESS which optimizes both the given technical and business objectives. Business analysis using a value-based pricing mechanism is applied to a set of initially proposed SPL portfolios (for enhancing the ESS) such that profit is maximized. Technical analysis is applied to the same initially proposed SPL portfolios to minimize the risk of failure of ESS due to implementation of new features. Business and technical analyses improve the performance of solutions for their respective objectives by modifying the feature sets of candidate SPL portfolios. OPTESS helps the decision maker select a plan for enhancement of an ESS by performing trade- off analysis between economic and technical objectives.Results: The method was initially evaluated through a case study for a set of 9 new candidate features to be added to an open source text editing system called jEdit. OPTESS helped the decision maker to identify 3 non-dominated solutions judged to be the best contenders for addition when considering both technical and economic criteria.

In the fast-paced world of business, the nations of the world compete to be the most capable and attractive location in order to bring in business investment and reap economic gains. This study examines the aviation and air transport industries in Taiwan to explore the determinants of national competitiveness, building on theories proposed by Michael Porter, the World Economic Forum (WEF), and the International Institute for Management Development (IMD). By gathering expert interviews, this research draws conclusions about the way aviation and air transport contribute to national competitiveness and economic prosperity. It attempts to answer whether these are industries that should be supported, and if so, why and how they should be developed further. The Taoyuan airport expansion and aerotropolis project is a topic of special concern as it represents a massive national initiative in Taiwan, following a recent world trend of aerotropolis development. Building on Porter’s original “diamond framework” and the theoretical ideas of the WEF and IMD, evidence from the interviews has resulted in a theoretical framework that highlights the central role of the government in exercising influence over the determinants of national competitiveness, especially for the aviation and air transport industries. The framework also attempts to depict the unique political dynamics of Taiwan and their impact as well.

衛生署以「健康台灣一許給全民健康安全的人生」為中央與地方國隊共同努力之目標。強調健康台灣是一種願景，也是一種策略，將促進健康列為國家的優先政策，以營造健康支持性環境的整體性策略來推動，希望從健康社區、健康學校、健康醫院、健康職場、健康城市來發展。為了響應政策及順應時代的需求，善用音樂於上述的環境中，必能產生藝術之推動力，引發關心健康之動機，創造健康之生活。本文主要目的是在透過文獻探討的過程，了解「健康促進」之意涵及未來發展之新趨向，再者隨著文明社會的演變，從存在於環境裡的音源探討聲音帶給人們健康的影響，並了解音樂之需求與必要性，以音樂療法之觀念為導向，以音樂療法於「健康促進」之應用為主題來研究，從音樂之概念模式、音樂之角色功能及介入之方向多元來探討，希望能提供一個應用發展的研究方向與因應之道，讓音樂的真、善、美忠實的陪伴全民，期盼音樂療法活用於日常生活中，協助有疾病的人改善健康，使健康的人更健康，以落實「健康台灣」之願景。

There are four kinds of methods-negotiation, mediation, arbitration and lawsuit-to resolve the business disputes between the Taiwanese firms and the local businesses in Chinese mainland. Each method mentioned above is identified as a method of 'alternative dispute resolution'.Taiwanese businesses frequently complained that the trials of Chinese mainland are unfair to them. So, some of Taiwanese scholars and experts suggested that the Taiwanese businesses should adopt arbitration method to resolve their business disputes with the local companies in Chinese mainland. However, Taiwanese businesses in Chinese mainland still think that even they adopt arbitration method to resolve the disputes with the local companies in Chinese mainland, they probably cannot obtain a fair award because of insufficient Taiwanese arbitrators and administrative intervention in Chinese mainland. As for the mediation, the Taiwanese businesses think that the mediation procedure is quite complicated and the agreement probably will not be executed.According to this paper, although the Taiwanese businesses in Chinese mainland can adopt mediation and arbitration methods to resolve their disputes with the local firms in Chinese mainland, the best method should be the negotiation evaluated from the indicators of efficiency, costs, professionals, friendly relations, degrees of difficulty, and executive powers.

If the changing process of the Taiwanese literature and its research is one of the most prominent processes, then the works of Lai Ho and its researches will no doubt play a key role in this process. That is to say, the works of Lai Ho and its researches play a rather important role in the turning point of the whole process of the history of Taiwanese literature. Like the messages showed in the statement “Lai Ho: the Father of Taiwanese Modern Literature” which elementarily put forward by Wang Shi-Lang in the middle of 1930s and continued to be used in the Pacific-war period, and which were almost opposing to another statement “Colonial Literature” pronounced by the Japanese literary critics and writers living in Taiwan. When it came to the early period of post-world war II, another efficacy was granted to the works of Lai Ho and its researches, such as the using of Yang Qui who pointed out the achievement of Japanese-ruling Taiwanese literature movement to the Mainlanders of literary circle now living in Taiwan. After some argument and dispute, from the middle of 1960s via Nativist literary debate to the early 1980s around, the statement “Lai Ho: the Father of Taiwanese Modern Literature” was pronounced and recognized again. With the aid of elementary results of literary history and nationalism issue research, we might find that such a statement would surely possess or provide its meaning very close to the nationalist movement. From the other point of view, if we were to say that the ethnical politicizing approximately revealed in the field of anti-KMT movement or supporting inclination of election, then the changing process of this statement will similarly show the same politicizing in the literary discourse. In brief, the main discussion of this paper is to focus on the formation and changing process of the statement ‘Lai Ho: the Father of Taiwanese Modern Literature”, by the way, the relative or opposite voices will surely involved. Nevertheless, the attempt to clear the outline of its formation, conflict and change is our first concern.

To achieve their business objectives, software developing companies employ different technical and managerial strategies concerning architecture and reuse. These strategies include component-based ...

The information systems (IS) audit in public sector organisations is generally conducted to provide assurance about the effectiveness of IS controls, processes, resources, operations, and value for money in the IS investment. Public sector organisations are being confronted with various new demands from businesses, the public and other stakeholders because of the high level of IS investment, which takes long to complete and involves uncertainty of performance. This research argues that the current IS audit practice does not take a broad enough view in assessing the overall system. Hence, it is particularly challenging for an IS auditor not only to identify how well the IS supports the overall business objectives, but also to justify the continuity of IS operation and to produce an effective IS audit report. There have been several cases in which IS were unsuccessful and did not perform as the users expected. Due to the current IS audit practice, IS auditors are unable to recognise any inherent limitations that may exist in the design, development and implementation of application systems that will impact on the organisation’s objectives and operational activities. Sustainability is a relevant and practical way to deal with limitations found in IS audit practice. Sustainability is future oriented and concerned with holistic and integrated systems consisting of humans, nature, social and technology infrastructure. This research is conducted with the goal of incorporating sustainability within the IS audit framework as a strategy to minimise IS control risk, to reduce inherent risks faced by the IS auditors and to produce effective IS audit reports. This research found that the proposed framework known as the Sustainability Driven Information System Audit (SISA) is an appropriate alternative that can overcome these shortcomings, and effectively address risks associated with IS controls. SISA is also considered to reduce uncertainties in decision making by reviewing results, processes and input. It facilitates coordination and communication to produce an audit report that provides effective value to the key stakeholders and the public. This research also studies the appropriate method for IS auditors to make audit judgements, particularly in measuring IS controls. The applicability of the SISA framework to a real case study has been found to be very promising. The result showed that a systematic and numerical approach is suitable for prioritising audit criteria and in order to emphasise the key areas of concern for the audit purpose. The results indicate that the sustainability approach is a practical and reasonable method that can be employed at any public sector organisation. This research contributes theoretically, methodologically and practically to the IS audit body of knowledge.

Customers, being important assets to an enterprise, directly relate to the latter’s profitability and survival. Customers buy products to generate revenue. Their feedbacks also promote the improvement of products and drive an enterprise to develop forward. With or without an information system, good CRM (customer relationship management) is extremely important for an enterprise to achieve its profit targets. Though a non-profit organization (NPO) does not pursue profits, it has service objects, concrete products or services for achieving its vision, or supporters of its vision. The spirit and practice of making every effort possible to know their customers which is usually adopted by an enterprise in order to achieve its business objectives could also be seen to exist in non-profit organizations. It’s just such spirit and practice that is slightly different in form or the goal. If adjusted, the application of CRM in enterprises could also effectively help non-profit organizations to understand more clearly the practice they have to take in order to achieve their visions and understand the objects of their services or supporters. Exampled with the church, this study explores whether CRM helps the church and how should churches apply CRM. Leaders at all levels in the church pastoral relationship could be compared to managers at all levels in a corporate organization, while PRM (pastoral relationship management) applied to churches via CRM could generate specific impacts on group pastoral care, group development strategies, equipment of true believers, business as mission, family as mission, church planting and preaching.

In recent years, product placement is a growing practice in various media vehicles, such as motion pictures, television shows, music videos, novels, and video games. Even though several studies have focused on the effects of product placement within motion pictures and television shows, there is little research related to Taiwanese television series. Therefore, this article takes Taiwanese television series as an example to research into the effects of product placement on brand recall, brand recognition, brand attitude and purchase intent. This research first examines how story content, broadcasting placed products'ads and end sponsor credits influence brand recall, brand recognition and brand attitude. A 2*(story content: comedy/tragedy)*2 (broadcasting placed products'ads: yes/no)*2 (end sponsor credits: yes/no) factorial design was used to test the hypotheses. By editing the original Taiwanese television series, we produced eight editions of experimental films. In addition, this research tests the extent consumers’ perception of product placement is positively correlated with brand recall, brand recognition and brand attitude. Finally, it examines how brand recall, brand recognition and brand attitude will impact purchase intent during product placement within Taiwanese television series. Results of this study show that consumers who watch comedy have more positive attitude towards placed products than those who watch tragedy. Broadcasting placed products' ads partly increases brand recall and indeed increases brand recognition. Furthermore, consumers' perception of product placement has a positive influence on brand recall, brand recognition and brand attitude. Purchase intent is slightly influenced by brand recognition but mostly decided by brand attitude.

Over the last few years, we have seen the transformation of the traditional monolithic enterprise, in which all operations were performed in-house, to the extended enterprise, which consists of a network of collaborating entities. Global operations, outsourcing, and increasing specialization have all contributed to this trend. One challenge facing the extended enterprise is how to reconnect the information flows and business processes that were disconnected as the enterprise disaggregated. The emergence of web services, service-oriented architectures, and business process modeling and execution standards are helping to address this challenge. Our contention is that the next phase of evolution is the rise of the intelligent enterprise, which is characterized by being able to adapt quickly to changes in its operating environment. The intelligent enterprise monitors its own business processes and its interactions with customers, partners, suppliers, and collaborators; it understands how this information relates to its business objectives; and it acts to control and optimize its operations to meet its business objectives. Decisions are made quickly and accurately to modify business processes on the fly, dynamically allocate resources, or change business partners (e.g., suppliers, service providers) and partnerships (e.g., establish new service level agreements). This talk will describe challenges in managing the business operations of an intelligent enterprise. While a plethora of tools exist for managing the IT infrastructure (servers, storage, and network resources) of the enterprise, there is little systematic support today for the closed loop management and control of business operations. We will describe technology approaches to intelligent business operations management that we are pursuing at HP Labs., the progress we have made, and some open research questions.

Business community faces rapid change due to the technology development. Its influence on business environment causes change in the knowledge base and its possibilities on achieving new solution as innovation thus gaining new knowledge. Enterprises are managing these continuous changes using the knowledge of its unique set of enterprise’s knowledge infrastructure, employee’s knowledge skills and business environment. This implies that fast knowledge development from technology development and innovation makes high pressure on the enterprises and on its employees as well. The manner how this is used and utilized within enterprise becomes dominant challenge for every enterprise and its respective management globally. Many researches in the past years have shown that innovations as commercialisation of new knowledge development and knowledge management practices can assist facing those challenges remarkably. Creating the balance between them is unique for every enterprise, for every respective management. This research paper consists of the following parts: introduction, selected theoretical and empirical framework and conclusion. The theoretical framework gives selected overview of the relevant researches in the field of knowledge management and innovation and their respective interrelation in new knowledge creation and commercialising of this new knowledge as innovation. The empirical framework describes the research design and gives the selected results obtained through the research of selected enterprises based on Questionnaire that covers key parameters previously discussed in the theoretical framework. Research focus is measuring the existence, the exchange, the creation of knowledge within enterprises and its usage in terms of new product development and/or improved products of the respective enterprises. Finally, in the conclusion, the study results are elaborated and their contribution to the existing body of knowledge and industry practices is discussed.

Taiwanese enterprises go west following the trend of globalization. And lots of industries are moved to Mainland China for investment or establishment of plants. This situation forms the business model of “triangle manufacturing”, and the operation scope of an enterprise is extended to global. And the success of Taiwanese enterprises is based on the strategy of localizing operation while globalizing. With the perspective of “glocalization”, this study explores the relationships among HR localization, core competency of HR department, and organizational performance. Moreover, it’s necessary to have sufficient evidences to prove the relationship among HR strategy, HR core competency, and organizational performance, so this study discusses the essence of entrepreneurial orientation as a mediating variable. This study takes the human resource strategy as human resource localization, and explores the core competencies of human resource department in the subsidiary. With data collected from 115 samples of HR managers, this study conducts the analysis by LISREL to verify the hypotheses. Results showed that the HR localization and HR core competency contribute organizational performance through the mediating effects of entrepreneurial orientation.

Background: Topical application of local anaesthetic solution to the vocal cords is a technique commonly employed in anaesthetic practice. The purpose of present study was to explore the influence of 1000 lidocaine spray on postoperative sore throat (POST) retrospectively. Materials and methods: The anesthetic and postoperative visit records of 294 orotracheally inmbated adult patients undergoing general anesthesia for various elective surgery were analyzed retrospectively. The enrolled patients were divided into two groups: (1) control group (group C), 206 patients received standard general anesthesia induction; (2) spraying group (group S), 88 patients received the same induction regimen and spraying vocal cords with 10% lidocaine (1mg/kg) befbre tracheal intubation. Main outcomes evaluations included the incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat on the day and 1st day after surgery. Results: The overall incidence of sore throat was comparable between two groups, 29.5 % in group C and 33.5 % in group S (p＞0.05) on the day of surgery. The ratio of moderate and severe sore throat was significant lower in group C (10.2%) than in group S(18.2%) on the day of surgery and the day after surgery (6.8% vs 11.3%) (both p＜0.05). Both incidence and severity of POST diminished on the 1st day after surgery. Conclusion: Spraying the vocal cords with 10% lidocaine spray may contribute to higher severity of postoperative sore throat, and should be avoided routinely to prevent POST.

This paper examines if Taiwanese and Shang-Hai dialect speaking learners control durational factors when they produce intervocalic /t/ and /d/ in Japanese, and if so, which durational factors they control, the influence of speaking rates, and the differences between the two groups. The results show that both groups control VOT to produce the voicing distinction and that the duration difference of VOT between /t/ and /d/ was greater for slow speech. However, Taiwanese learners produce a longer closure duration for /d/ than /t/ and they show preceding vowel lengthening.

Due to the social turbulence that resulted from the fierce partisan competition, the Taiwanese people usually tend to refrain from voicing their political opinions in public or in unfamiliar settings. Through the secondary analysis of the survey data on the 2006 Taipei mayoral election, the current study intended to explore how the voters in Taipei think of the issue of the Red Shirt Movement and their willingness to speak out on political affairs. The result showed there is little difference in proportion between those who agree and those who disagree with the Red Shirt Movement. Yet most of the respondents were unwilling to talk about politics in public settings. Furthermore, it was found that the extent to which people were involved in the Red Shirt Movement, the perception of then-President Shui-Bian Chen's integrity, and the amount of attention to the election news in newspaper were positively associated with respondents' willingness to speak out on political issues. Besides, respondents' ethnic background was found negatively related to their willingness to express political opinions. However, there is no significant association between respondents' attitudes toward the issue of the Red Shirt Movement and their willingness to talk about political affairs in public settings. It is apparent that, through these results, the current study has to face the deficiency both in data and in theoretical applicability.