第11回東南アジア医療情報センター (SEAMIC) ワークショップ

Protection of medical images and patient related information in healthcare: Using an intelligent and reversible watermarking technique

The use of social media among Saudi residents for medicines related information

Necessity of establishing a national information network in medicine is beginning to be recognized in Japan.The trend has been more prominent in the United States where the National Library of Medicine's MEDLARS is actually being operated with its satelite centers located in not only various parts of the country but also in England, in Sweden and now in Australia. Herner's design for a medical library and information system, recommended to the Department of Health, Education and Welfare in 1966, was a plan of very large scale but it had many subsystems already in existence to build up the main scheme on them. The basic idea of this plan might be adaptable in planning our national information system but changes will be necessary to make it fit to our situation.In Japan, medical libraries are fairly active in literature providing services but not so in information services. For instance, out of 51 member libraries of the Japan Medical Library Association, only few of them are doing literature search as their regular service. But on the other hand, these 51 member libraries which include all of 46 medical school libraries, with the total of 3,754,808 bound periodical volumes and books, and subscription of 51,453 periodical (5,036 different titles), lent out 626,612 volumes to their areas, and sent to other member libraries 42,831 of their library materials and their photo copies as interlibrary loan in one year from April 1966 to March 1967. The association divides Japan into 9 districts to serve but the members are not divided evenly. In the case of Kanto district, there are 18 member libraries out of all 51 and they have 1,228,331 volumes, or 32.7% of all 3,754,808 volumes.The units which are to be included in the proposed information network in Japan are these, such as, a national center, district centers, specialized centers, data ceters, interlibrary centers, and the units with clearing house function.The national center will have a wholesale dealer's function in handling literature and switching information. District centers are depending on the national center for the supply of literature and processed information, but they are also the central unit in their own districts. Specialized centers collect all the materials in a certain special subject field, analyse their contents and provides an answer to the requested question in the field. Data center will do similar function but they will handle data and not information. For interlibrary centers which we don't have anything of the sort at the moment, will be set up after the model of the New York Medical Library Center.To carry out this plan, establishment of the national center will be the first and the largest problem of all. The Japan Information Center of Science and Technology (JICST) will be the only possible candidate for this though it is a new comer in medical field and it does not have a large enough medical collection nor experience of handling medical information.But the JICST decided to extend there serving fields to include biomedicine and agriculture. The JICST also is negotiating with the National Library of Medicine in Bethesda on setting up a MEDLARS' searching center in it. Therefore, with close cooperation from the Japan Medical Library Association and its member libraries, it can grow into a satisfactory national center. As for the district centers, 10 or 12 of the largest and most active medical school libraries should be selected and strengthened to make them possible to do their role. Specialized centers, data centers and inter library centers are the ones which should be built up from nothing. An inter library center will be necessary in each of the east and west Japan areas. The national referral center and an information center on “who's doing what research in medicine” should be established in the national center but with help in gathering the needed information for the service from the member libraries of the Japan Medical Library Association. The weak points of the plan are:The necessity of organizing a national network of medical information handling is not fully recognized by researchers, clinicians, and faculty members of the medical schools.There is no medical information system of any size which can be a core or a subsystem of the network, except the Japan Medical Library Association's interlibrary loan system.

Guest editorial

I2Cnet (Image Indexing by Content network) aims to provide services related to the content-based management of images in healthcare over the World-Wide Web. Each I2Cnet server maintains an autonomous repository of medical images and related information. The annotation service of I2Cnet allows specialists to interact with the contents of the repository, adding comments or illustrations to medical images of interest. I2Cnet annotations may be communicated to other users via e-mail or posted to I2Cnet for inclusion in its local repositories. This paper discusses the annotation service of I2Cnet and argues that such services pave the way towards the evolution of active digital medical image libraries.

Genome and other data are already being used in areas including cancer and rare diseases. Data-sharing and secondary uses are likely to become much broader and far more extensive; thus, obtaining proper consent for these new uses of data is an important issue. Obtaining consent through online methods may be an option to overcome the problems associated with one-off, paper-based informed consent. When the process of obtaining consent takes place remotely, authentication must be assured. Patients may also choose to store some of their own information online, such as genetic information, and allow healthcare professionals to access this data. In this health information transfer and exchange process, it is vital that anyone accessing this information be correctly authenticated to protect patients' privacy. In this article, we first clarified that authentication has two roles: i.e., not only to prevent impersonation but also to prove intent, which is a vital step to ensure that medical research and health information exchange are conducted ethically. We then set out methods of authentication. As a result, we were able to make suggestions about the requirements for authentication and a possible method of authentication for these purposes. We considered problems of biometrics and recommended two-factor authentication without biometrics as a workable solution. However, three-factor authentication including biometrics seems likely to be used once biometrics become more common.

The internet has increasingly become a major source of health information, especially for college-age adults, who spend a significant amount of time online. This article investigates sources used by US college students to acquire health information. College students aged 18-25 years old (n = 189) from 18 colleges were surveyed between November 2022 and February 2023. The survey was conducted using the online survey platform SurveyMonkey. Participants were asked to select their main sources of health information under three different categories: general medical, mental health, and Covid-19 related information. Survey data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. The survey found that parents/guardians, the internet, and medical providers were the top information sources in each category. Although previous surveys have shown that the internet is the main source of health information for most adults, when asked about their primary source of information, college-age adults reported predominantly relying on family for general medical information. However, they turned to online sources for mental health information, with Instagram as the top social media resource. The internet was the primary source for Covid-19 information. These data suggest that including parents in health messaging for college- age adults could help with dissemination of health information to this age group particularly when addressing general medical information such as vaccines, medical care and seasonal illnesses like flu. They also suggest that this group seeks alternative sources-like peers and social media- for topics that have associated stigma, such as mental health. Providing shareable resources with mental health information through college communication programs and networks may help disseminate accurate information to students.

We aimed to analyze the temporal trends in the per capita food (kcal/day/person) and protein (g/day/person) availability at the national level in the Southeast Asian (SEA) countries from 1961 to 2018. To avoid intercountry variations and errors, we used a dataset derived from the FAO’s old and new food balance sheets. We used the joinpoint model and the jump model to analyze the temporal trends. The annual percentage change (APC) was computed for each segment of the trends. Per capita food and protein availability in the SEA countries increased significantly by 0.8% per year (54.0%) and 1.1% per year (85.1%), respectively, from 1961 to 2018. During the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s the per capita food availability in mainland SEA did not change significantly and was less than 2200 kcal/person/day. Since the early 1990s, food availability increased appreciably in the mainland SEA countries, except for Cambodia, which has experienced the increasing trend from the late 1990s. Distinct from the mainland, maritime SEA countries showed an up–down–up growth trend in their per-capita food availability from 1961 to 2018. Food-availability growth slowed down for Brunei (since the mid-1980s) and Malaysia (since mid-the 1990s) whereas it increased for Indonesia (1.5% per year), Timor-Leste (0.9% per year), and the Philippines (0.8% per year). Per capita protein availability trends in the mainland SEA countries were similar to the countries’ per capita food availability trends. Since the late 1980s, Thailand and since the late 1990s, other mainland SEA countries experienced a significant growth in their per capita protein availability. Since the late 1990s, per capita protein availability in Vietnam increased markedly and reached the highest available amount in the SEA region, following Brunei and Myanmar. Per capita protein availability increased almost continuously among the maritime SEA countries, except for Timor-Leste. Marked inequality did exist between maritime and mainland SEA countries in per capita food-availability growth till the mid-1990s. Considerable increases in per capita food availability have occurred in most of the SEA countries, but growth is inadequate for Timor-Leste and Cambodia.

Introduction: Dentistry is the field that brings back one’s smile. It is this field that teaches about the importance of oral hygiene. Dental education varies in all Southeast Asian and South Asian countries. Aim: To compare dental education concerning fee structure, dentist population ratio, and year of graduation between South Asian and Southeast Asian countries. Methodology: This study was conducted to the comparison of dental education in South Asian and Southeast Asian countries. Southeast Asian countries were classified as Group A and South Asian countries were classified as Group B. Data was retrieved from manual and electronic databases using search engines (Pubmed, google scholar, Web of Science). In this study, the keywords were Dentistry, Southeast Asian, South Asian, Dental colleges, and Dentist population ratio used in the search. Result: This study determined the difference between dental education, dentist population ratio, and the dentist’s average salary among Group A and B. The number of Dental colleges was the maximum in India (71%) among all other Group A and B. Conclusion: Nevertheless South Asia had a plethora of colleges, and high-paying dental jobs were possible only in Southeast Asian countries. Hence substantial numbers of dental colleges with proper apportionment and job contentment is obligatory for better treatment outcome of patients.

The World Wide Web has dramatically altered landscape of information seeking in health. The provision of medical information has historically been business of medical librarians, and their principal clientele has been nurses, and allied health professionals, as well as students in those fields. Accordingly, for decades library schools have seen medical library science as an arcane specialty. The Web, however, has democratized access to health information. Searching for health topics online is now most popular consumer activity after use of email. In this paper, I discuss changes in healthcare information use effected by World Wide Web; give examples of integration of medical librarianship into generalist courses in library and information science (LIS) degree programs; and finally discuss challenges of integrating medical specialization into generalist teaching. Introduction Twenty years ago, in last published survey on this topic, Detlefsen and Gal vin found that 41 of 54 American Library Association (ALA)-accredited library and information science (LIS) degree programs offered at least one course in health sciences or biomedical librarianship.2 Despite apparently high regard for medical specialty in these schools, Detlefsen and Galvin were worried by their findings - not by number of courses offered, but by fact that in these 41 schools, only 25% of full-time faculty self-identified as having a health-related specialty. That is: 75% of these 41 programs were relying on adjuncts to teach, adjuncts who were typically working medical librarians. Adjunct numbers have important implications for specialty fields. Detlefsen and Galvin argued that adjuncts who are working practitioners have content expertise, but because of their position in educational institution, are less able to advocate for change and defend their specialty in curriculum. Because adjuncts typically have full-time employment elsewhere, they are subject to their own employers' needs and responsive to their employers' reward systems before those of schools and programs in which they teach. Full-time faculty, conversely, exist by definition to be full-time educators and not practitioners; and as full-time educators, they are rewarded for maintaining a presence on curriculum and admissions committees that influence training of future specialists and availability of future courses. Finally, full-time faculty members are charged with formal student advising. Adjunct faculty can and do have informal mentoring relationships with their students, but this is not typically considered an explicit function of their job. A May, 2006 review of ALA-accredited LIS program Web sites reveals that of 47 programs either fully or conditionally accredited, virtually all had either medical or health information courses listed in their catalogs, offered at least every 2 years. Twenty-three LIS programs (50%) report a total of 39 full-time faculty identifying either medical librarianship or medical informatics as a research interest.3 Although both medical informatics and medical librarianship focus on medical information, two are not synonymous. Medical informatics is generally defined as the rapidly developing scientific field that deals with biomedical information, data, and knowledge as it intersects with information technology.4 It is an extremely interdisciplinary domain, to which library and information science is one of many important contributing fields. However, medical informatics is dominated by clinicians. Membership in American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) includes physicians, nurses, dentists, biomedical engineers, medical librarians, researchers, scientists, educators, students and other health care professionals.5 This field, with its origins in medicine and computer science, demands a different, although occasionally overlapping, range of information technology competencies and training than does medical librarianship. …

An efficient reversible data hiding using SVD over a novel weighted iterative anisotropic total variation based denoised medical images

Analysis of large databases in vascular surgery

Donor issues in Indonesia: A developing country in South East Asia

During medical picture transmission, the most pressing concern is security. Medical images must be encrypted since they are extremely sensitive. Watermarking, digital fingerprinting/signature, and encoding are some of the available image security techniques. Images and movies, for example, must be highly encrypted and decoded without losing any content information. Medical photos, for example, require extra protection, and protecting medical images is a critical issue when medical images and related patient information are transferred over public networks. This research work proposes a visual encryption strategy to secure medical pictures before being transmitted or stored in the cloud. This technique makes such pictures of unauthorized people unavailable and also maintains confidentiality, a prime safety requirement. The process made use of a pixel shuffling-based encryption technique and a secret key created from the image. In this research, we encrypted the medical image using modified Arnold Map Encryption and generated secret key values. Therefore, the image is encrypted, and henceforth it is decrypted as well. So this work gave us the encrypted image and decrypted image/original image as well. The modified Arnold Map Encryption tries to add more randomness, thus increasing the entropy of the image and thus makes it harder to decrypt. The modified Arnold Map Encryption is also compared to other algorithms such as Hyper Chaotic, Secure Hash Algorithm-13 (SHA-13), Ten Logistic Maps, Bakers Map, HenonMap, Cross Chaos Map, and 2D Logistic Map and shows better results in terms of encryption speed and Number of Pixel Change Rate (NPCR) value.

This article explores the impact of the Spratly Islands dispute on security relations between China and Southeast Asia after the Cold War. It is argued that the dispute reflects and promotes the emergence of a regional order combining deterrence with consultation and limited co-operation. The balance of power between China, Southeast Asia, and the United States promotes the emergence of a structure of deterrence. Within this structure, the approaches of China and Southeast Asia to diplomacy and international law allow for the development of a regional dialogue and a code of conduct based on consultation and co-operation on non-controversial issues. Consequently, the seeds of an order are emerging in the South China Sea that combines the extremes of deterrence and co-operation. Introduction The Spratly Islands in the South China Sea are located at the intersection of the security spheres of China and Southeast Asia. As such, the dispute between China, Taiwan, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Brunei over this area is not merely a difference of opinion on rights to territory and maritime space. It brings to the fore incompatibilities between the practices China and the countries of Southeast Asia normally employ to ensure peace and stability in their regional environment. The implications of this dispute for the development of mechanisms of deterrence and co-operation between China and the countries of Southeast Asia have tended to be overlooked in the scholarly debate. The Spratly dispute is treated as a peripheral, yet potentially explosive, aspect of Sino--Southeast Asian relations. It is regarded as a product rather than a determinant of their security practices. [1] The Spratlys have been a sore point in the relationship between China and the Southeast Asian claimant states for decades . The dispute oscillates between conflict and co-operation without reaching the stage of crisis or resolution. [2] This protracted stalemate suggests that the dispute is at the fringes of the security agendas of China and Southeast Asia, compared with more pressing security concerns such as the regional financial crisis of the late 1990s and the Taiwan problem. At the same time, the nationalist overtones inherent in the justifications of territorial and maritime claims, coupled with a continuous military build-up in the Spratly area, suggests that the dispute will at some point wreak havoc on peace in the South China Sea. The problem with the dominant approaches to the study of the Spratly dispute is the tendency to overlook the fact that, in the 1990s, it has turned into an arena where the compatibility of the security practices of China and Southeast Asia were tested. During the Cold War, Chinese security policies were directed against the subregional environment of Northeast Asia. By contrast, most of the countries of Southeast Asia formulated their security outlook within the confines of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). However, the increasing importance of the maritime resources of the South China Sea, and the allowances for extensive maritime zones in international law, have made China and Southeast Asia increasingly important variables in each other's security equations. This article argues that the Spratly dispute has profound implications for regional peace and stability because it promotes the development of a new order in the South China Sea between China and the Southeast Asian states. [3] By bringing representatives of contending security practices together around an issue of conflict, the Spratly dispute has changed the security practices of China and Southeast Asia. The dispute highlights differences in the approach of the two entities to the balance of power, diplomacy, and international law. As the contending parties attempt to find solutions to the problems coming to the fore, the seeds of a new order emerge, representing a compromise between the security practices employed by China and Southeast Asia. …