基于16S rDNA测序对茶园土壤细菌群落多样性的研究

Current Australian legislation permits the beneficial application of grease trap waste (GTW) to agricultural soil, viewing it as a beneficial source of organic matter and soil conditioner containing no/low amounts of metals or pathogenic organisms. However, little is known about the influence of GTW on soil bacterial community. A field experiment was established at Menangle in south western Sydney in Australia to quantitatively assess the impacts of different types (GTW CO and GTW CL) and amounts of GTW application on the soil bacterial community and diversity. Furthermore, a municipal solid waste (MSW) compost was simultaneously examined to compare against the other organic wastes. Knowledge about the shifts in microbial community structure and diversity following the applications of organic wastes could help to evaluate the ecological consequences on the soil and thus to develop sound regulatory guidelines for the beneficial reuse of organic wastes in agricultural lands. Soil samples were collected from recycled organics plots treated with different types and quantity of organic wastes. The field experimental treatments included control (CK, without application of any organic wastes), low amount of GTW CO (COL), GTW CL (CLL), and MSW (ML), and high amounts of GTW CO (COH), GTW CL (CLH), and MSW compost (MH). Microbial DNA was extracted from soil samples and the 16S rRNA genes were polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified. The PCR products were analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), cloning, and sequencing. The bacterial community structures and diversity were assessed using the DGGE profiles and clone libraries constructed from the excised DGGE bands. DGGE-based analyses showed that application of the GTW CO, regardless of the amount applied, had significant negative effects on soil bacterial genotypic diversity and community structure compared with the control, while the applications of other organic wastes including the GTW CL and MSW had no clear effects. The effects of the rate of organic waste application on soil bacterial community characteristics varied with the types of organic wastes applied. Sequence-based analyses of 126 clones indicated that Proteobacteria (53.2%) was the dominant taxa at the experimental site, followed by Actinobacteria (9.5%), Bacteroidetes (7.9%), Firmicutes (7.9%), Gemmatimonadetes (5.6%), Chloroflexi (2.4%), Acidobacteria (1.6%) and the unclassified group (11.9%). In the COH treatment, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Gemmatimonadetes were not detected; the percentages of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria in the COH treatment were significantly different from those in CK. There is a significant positive correlation (r = 0.71, p = 0.002) between the C/N ratio of organic wastes and the bacterial genotypic communities. Both the type and the amount of GTW applied affected soil bacterial genotypic diversity and community structure. The different effects of various types of organic wastes on soil bacterial characteristics may be predicted by the differences in specific properties of organic wastes such as C/N ratio, as evidenced by the strong and significant positive relationship between the bacterial community distance and the environmental distance of C/N ratio. This also indicates that the C/N ratio of GTW applied can be a major driver for the shift in the soil bacterial community. Our results revealed that the effects of organic wastes on soil bacterial communities varied with the types of organic wastes, and depending on the rate of application. Application of the GTW CO led to significant shifts in soil bacterial community diversity and structure. The effects of different types of organic wastes on the soil bacterial characteristics can be predicted by the differences of specific properties of organic wastes, such as the C/N ratio. Sequence-based analyses of 126 clones indicated that Proteobacteria was the dominant taxa at the experimental site. Our results have important implications for developing sound regulatory guidelines for the beneficial reuse of organic wastes, indicating that GTW CO and similar organic waste treatments may not be suitable for application in agricultural soils due to its significant negative effect on soil bacterial community.

Afforestation plays a pivotal role in ecosystem restoration, exemplified by the Saihanba Mechanized Forest Farm, the world's largest planted forest; however, the assembly mechanisms and interactions of soil microbial communities in such forests remain inadequately understood. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of different afforestation tree species, namely Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii, Picea asperata, and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, on soil bacterial diversity and community structure in comparison to grassland. Sixty soil samples were collected at a 20 cm depth, and high-throughput sequencing was employed to identify bacterial communities and assess their interactions with environmental factors. A total of 6528 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified, with Solirubrobacter, Conexibacter, Bacillus, Massilia, Gaiella, Acidibacter, and Vicinamibacter being the dominant genera. Afforestation significantly impacted soil bacterial alpha diversity, with notable influence from key soil chemical properties, including available phosphorus (AP), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of soil organic matter (SOM-C/N). The Mantel test highlighted pH, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and spatial variable (dbMEM) as primary environmental factors influencing dominant bacterial genera. The bacterial community structure demonstrated deterministic homogeneous selection, wherein SOM-C/N emerged as a significant factor influencing the dissimilarity of soil bacterial communities. Furthermore, plantation soils exhibited a more complex network structure than grassland soil, highlighting the crucial role of bacterial communities in vegetation changes and providing valuable insights into their response to environmental factors during the reforestation process.

Increasing nitrogen (N) addition induces soil nutrient imbalances and is recognized as a major regulator of soil microbial communities. However, how soil bacterial abundance, diversity, and community composition respond to exogenous N addition in nutrient-poor and generally N-limited regions remains understudied. In this study, we investigated the effects of short-term exogenous N additions on soil bacterial communities using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Illumina Miseq sequencing in an in situ N addition field experiment. The results showed that a low nitrogen addition increased the observed species (Sobs) of the bacterial community, and with the increased nitrogen addition, the Sobs of bacteria gradually decreased, especially the unique OTUs. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Gemmatimonadetes increased with increasing nitrogen addition, whereas the relative abundance of Chloroflexi and Firmicutes decreased. Soil properties play an important role in bacterial community structure at phylum or genus levels. Short-term nitrogen addition increased the proportion of nodes from Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria in the co-occurrence network and enhanced the stability of the microbial network. Actinobacteria may play an important role in constructing the network. Our study aims to explore the effects of nitrogen addition on the diversity, composition, and structure of soil bacterial communities in nutrient-poor areas caused by ecological disturbances.

Exploring the variations of soil bacterial communities can contribute to the sustainability of Chinese fir plantations (CFPs). As the living environments of soil bacteria, soil aggregates significantly affect the diversity and composition regarding soil bacterial communities in CFPs. However, the distribution characteristics exhibited by soil bacteria at the aggregate scale are still not clear. In the present research, the diversity and composition regarding soil bacterial communities (using high‐flux sequencing) in CFPs with diverse stand ages (3, 9, 17, and 26 years) were analyzed from the perspective of soil aggregates (>2, 1–2, 0.25–1, <0.25 mm) in Guangxi, China. According to the results, regardless of the aggregate size and the stand age, bacterial communities in soil were mainly composed of Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Acidobacteria. During Chinese fir growth, the relative abundance (RA) of soil Proteobacteria first elevated and afterwards reduced, with the greatest level in the 17 years, while that of soil Chloroflexi exhibited an inverse trend. In addition, the RA of soil Acidobacteria increased over time. At the aggregate scale, the 17‐year‐old CFPs presented the greatest soil bacterial community diversity (based on the Chao 1 and Shannon indices). After 17 years, the destruction of coarse macroaggregates (>2 mm) could induce the reduction of soil bacterial community diversity, as coarse macroaggregates, taking up the majority of bulk soil, offered suitable environments for soil bacteria to survive and thrive. Moreover, soil organic C and total N concentrations and soil pH also significantly affected the diversity and composition regarding soil bacterial communities over time. Hence, the conservation of coarse macroaggregates after 17 years of Chinese fir growth is important to sustain the soil health as well as the bacterial community diversity in Guangxi, China.

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 三江平原沼泽湿地垦殖及自然恢复对土壤细菌群落多样性的影响 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201601040015 作者: 作者单位: 黑龙江省农垦科学院,东北林业大学,东北林业大学,东北林业大学,呼伦贝尔市林业局 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 黑龙江省青年科学基金项目（QC2014C029）；国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项课题（2015ZX07201-008-03） Effect of cultivation and natural restoration on soil bacterial community diversity in marshland in the Sanjiang Plain Author: Affiliation: Heilongjiang Academy of Land Reclamation Sciences,Northeast Forestry University,Northeast Forestry University,Northeast Forestry University,Hulunbeier forestry administration Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:为量化垦殖对我国东北沼泽湿地的影响程度，于2015年6月基于Illumina Miseq PE300第二代高通量测序平台，对黑龙江省洪河国家级自然保护区的原始沼泽、耕地、退耕湿地的土壤细菌16S rRNA基因高变区域进行测序，并分析沼泽湿地土壤细菌群落多样性和结构组成与垦殖的关系。结果表明：共获得358737条修剪序列且被划分为36个已知的菌门，在11个主要的土壤细菌门类中（相对丰度 > 1%），芽单胞菌门（P < 0.01）、拟杆菌门（P < 0.01）、厚壁菌门（P < 0.01）和绿菌门（P < 0.01）在不同生境类型样地差异显著，土壤细菌群落alpha多样性由高到低排序依次是：耕地、退耕湿地、原始沼泽。结合相关性分析和冗余分析可以证明，长期的耕作，特别是旱田耕作对沼泽湿地土壤细菌群落组成产生显著的影响，土壤pH、含水量、全碳、有机碳、可溶有机碳、碱解氮、微生物量碳、微生物量氮对土壤细菌的多样性和群落组成产生影响。总之，研究结果发现自然恢复可以显著促进土壤细菌群落多样性的恢复，但是沼泽湿地土壤细菌群落结构一旦被垦殖干扰改变将很难恢复到原始状态，强调了有效地利用土壤细菌群落对维护土壤生态系统平衡具有重要的意义。 Abstract:Different perturbation regimes, including disturbance caused by cultivation or the process of natural restoration, can have significant effects on the soil bacterial community in marshland. In this study, we investigated the relationship between soil bacterial community composition and perturbation in marshland to quantify the extent of such disturbance-related changes in northeast China. We assessed the diversity of bacterial communities in twelve samples of marsh soil collected from pristine marsh, neighboring cropland, and a wetland restoration area. High-throughput sequencing of a bacteria-specific genomic sequence, the internal transcribed spacer (16S rRNA) region, was used to identify bacterial taxa. We obtained 358,737 sequences that represented 2263 bacterial OTUs across the three types of sampling sites. Of these, 1411 OTUs occurred at all three site types, 99 were shared between cultivated land and pristine marshland, 322 were shared between cultivated land and wetland converted from cropland, and 126 were shared between pristine marshland and wetland converted from cropland. All sites also hosted unique fungal OTUs, with 218 OTUs exclusive to cultivated land, 52 exclusive to pristine marshland, and 35 exclusive to wetland converted from cropland. Sequences were affiliated to 36 different phyla throughout the dataset. Sequence abundance showed that members of the Proteobacteria were more frequently identified in all soil samples than Acidobacteria, and included members of Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadetes, Verrucomicrobia, Nitrospirae, Saccharibacteria, and Chlorobi, which represented an overwhelming proportion of the soil bacterial communities with an average relative abundance of > 1%, and another 25 phyla with an average relative abundance were <1%. The dominant phyla that showed the greatest variation among habitat types (> 1% of the average relative abundance) were Gemmatimonadetes (P < 0.01), Bacteroidetes (P < 0.01), Firmicutes (P < 0.01), and Chlorobi (P < 0.01). The soil bacterial community diversity decreased from a maximum in cultivated land, through the wetland restoration area, to a minimum in pristine marshland. Redundancy and correlation analyses demonstrated that chronic disturbance through cultivation, especially dry cultivation, significantly altered the bacterial community composition of marsh soil. The α-diversity of the soil bacterial community was most affected by soil moisture, soil pH, total carbon, soil organic carbon, soil dissolved organic carbon, available nitrogen, microbial biomass of carbon, and microbial biomass of nitrogen. Meanwhile, the soil bacterial community composition was significantly affected by soil moisture, soil pH, total carbon, soil organic carbon, and soil dissolved organic carbon. Overall, the results from our study showed that the state of soil carbon and nitrogen is affected by the disturbance by agricultural cultivation, causing long-term accumulated soil nutrients to become available as an energy source that can be rapidly mineralized by soil bacteria. In addition, our results also indicate that cultivation and natural restoration influenced the bacterial community structure and diversity. Natural restoration can significantly enhance the recovery of bacterial diversity; however, once the composition of the marshland bacterial community has been altered by cultivated disturbance, it might be difficult to restore to its original state. These findings highlight the importance of effectively managing the soil bacterial community to maintain a naturally functioning soil ecosystem. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Impact of farmland mulching practices on the soil bacterial community structure in the semiarid area of the loess plateau in China

Plants and soil bacteria exert a vital function in mediating soil ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF). Nevertheless, plant and soil bacteria interaction during forest secondary succession is poorly understood, and their roles in soil EMF remain largely unexplored. The dynamics of soil physicochemical properties and bacterial diversity was studied in southwest China during forest succession from coniferous to monsoon broadleaf evergreen. Interdomain ecological networks (IDEN) were adopted for investigating plant–bacteria associations. With the purpose of assessing how soil factors, bacterial community and plant diversity influenced soil EMF, the structural equation model (SEM) was used. It was discovered that both soil bacterial diversity and soil EMF gradually increased with the succession. IDEN analysis revealed that plant–bacteria ecological networks differed significantly across successional stages. Keystone plant species richness (KSR) increased with succession, which benefited soil bacteria diversity (path coefficient = 0.802, p &lt; 0.001) while having a direct negative impact on pH (path coefficient = −0.602, p &lt; 0.05) and C:N (path coefficient = −0.759, p &lt; 0.001). Soil pH and C:N ratio declines were observed during forest secondary succession and were found to be inversely related to soil EMF. Furthermore, soil pH was found to be inversely related to bacterial diversity. The SEM analysis explained 88.2% of the variation in soil multifunctionality. The findings suggested that keystone plant species played a key function in regulating the variations of soil bacterial community and EMF (total effect = 0.813). Our study clarified the critical functions of keystone species in driving soil bacterial diversity and multifunctionality during forest succession and provided a new perspective on the relationship between above‐ and below‐ground.

Nitrogen deposition and climate warming can alter soil bacterial communities. However, the response of soil bacteria in an alpine steppe to these changes is largely unknown. In this study, a field experiment was performed on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau to determine the changes in soil bacterial communities of alpine steppes in response to nitrogen application and warming. The experiment consisted of four treatments, namely no-N application with no-warming (CK), N application (8 kg N ha−1 year−1) with no-warming (N), warming with no-N application (W), and N application (8 kg N ha−1 year−1) with warming (W&amp;amp;N). This study aimed to investigate (1) the changes in soil bacterial diversity and community structure under simulated nitrogen deposition and warming conditions, and (2) the key environmental factors responsible for these changes. Based on the results, soil bacterial diversity and community composition did not change significantly in the short term. Warming had a significant effect on overall bacterial composition, rare species composition, and individual bacterial taxa. Besides, the interaction between nitrogen application and warming had a significant effect on community β-diversity. Above-ground plant variables were highly correlated with bacterial community characteristics. Nitrogen application and warming did not significantly alter the distribution range of the bacterial community. Overall, this study suggests that soil bacterial communities can remain relatively stable at the level of simulated nitrogen application and warming and that short-term climatic changes may have no significant impacts on soil bacterial communities.

IntroductionThe partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic manure takes on a critical significance to enhancing soil quality and boosting sustainable agricultural development. However, rare research has studied the effects of partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic manure on soil bacterial community diversity and enzyme activity in maize field in the mountain red soil region of Yunnan.MethodsIn this study, four treatments were set up in which chemical fertilizer (the application rates of N, P2O5 and K2O were 240, 75 and 75 kg·ha−1, respectively) was substituted by 10% (M10), 20% (M20), 30% (M30) and 40% (M40) of organic manure with equal nitrogen, as well as two control treatments of single application of chemical fertilizer (M0) and no fertilization (CK). The maize (Zea mays L.) crop was sown as a test crop in May 2018. The effects of partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic manure on soil physicochemical properties, soil bacterial community diversity and enzyme activity were studied.ResultsThe activities of Cellulase (CBH), Invertase (INV) and β-glucosidase (BG) increased with the increase of organic manure substitution ratio. The activities of β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), Urease (URE), and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) also had the same trend, but the highest activities were 159.92 mg·g−1·h−1, 66.82 mg·g−1·h−1 and 143.90 mg·g−1·h−1 at 30% substitution ratio. Compared with CK and M0 treatments, Shannon index increased notably by 82.91%–116.74% and 92.42%–128.01%, respectively, at the organic manure substitution ratio ranging from 10% to 40%. Chao1 and ACE index increased significantly at the organic manure substitution ratio ranging from 10% to 30%. Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum in all treatments, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria decreased as the organic manure substitution ratio increased. Redundancy analysis showed that microbial biomass C was the main factor affecting the bacterial community composition under partial replacement of chemical fertilizer treatment, while Actinobacteria was the main factor affecting the enzyme activity. In addition, the maize yield of M30 and M40 treatments was significantly higher than that of CK and M0-M20 treatments, and the yield of M30 treatment was the highest, reaching 7652.89 kg·ha−1.ConclusionTherefore, the partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic manure can improve soil biological characteristics, while increasing bacterial community diversity and soil enzyme activity. Therefore, a thirty percent organic manure substitution was determined as the optimal substitution ratio for maize farmland in the mountain red soil area of Yunnan, China.

Phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are two important essential nutrient elements for plant growth and development but their availability is often limited in calcareous soils. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of applying microbial inoculants (MI, containing effective strains of Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus mucilaginous) on the availability of P and K, plant growth, and the bacterial community in calcareous soil. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to explore the effects of the addition of MI (control: without MI addition; treatment: with MI addition at the rate of 60 L ha−1) on the concentrations of P and K in soil and plant, soil bacterial community diversity and composition, and chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) growth. The results showed that MI inoculation significantly increased the fruit yields by 28.5% (p < 0.01), available P and K in the rhizosphere soil by 32.1% and 28.1% (p < 0.05), and P and K accumulation in the whole plants by 40.9% and 40.2%, respectively (p < 0.05). Moreover, high-throughput sequencing revealed that Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, and Gemmatimonadetes were the dominant phyla of soil bacteria. MI application did not significantly impact the diversity and composition of soil bacterial communities, but increased relative abundances of bacterial genera Flavobacterium responsible for promoting root development across growing stages (p < 0.05), and changed the soil bacterial community structure associated closely with soil properties of available P, K, and pH in soil. The application of MI improved the bioavailability of P and K and plant growth due to its impact on the soil bacterial community structure.

Restoration of grassland such as exclusion of grazing has been considered to increase aboveground plant diversity and soil fertility. However, knowledge on the effect of long-term exclusion of grazing on soil bacterial community structure and diversity is not well understood. The two sites were selected in the Inner Mongolian grassland, i.e., one fenced off since 1979 (UG79) and the other continually grazed by sheep (FG) all along. Soil microbial biomass was measured using fumigation method and bacterial community structure and diversity were assessed using methods of Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) and clone library. Results showed that the UG79 soil had significantly higher microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen compared with the FG soil. There was a clear separation in soil bacterial community structure, but not in bacterial diversity between the two sites. Moreover, 55 clones from the UG79 soil and 56 clones from the FG soil were selected and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of all clone sequences indicated that bacterial communities were dominated by the groups of Actinomycetes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, but there were no significant differences in bacterial diversity between the two sites, consistent with the results obtained from DGGE. The results highlighted that although long-term exclusion of grazing increased soil microbial biomass, but it did not harbor higher bacterial diversity compared with freely grazed site.

One of soil microbiology's most intriguing puzzles is how so many different bacterial species can coexist in small volumes of soil when competition theory predicts that less competitive species should decline and eventually disappear. We provide evidence supporting the theory that low pore connectivity caused by low water potential (and therefore low water content) increases the diversity of a complex bacterial community in soil. We altered the pore connectivity of a soil by decreasing water potential and increasing the content of silt- and clay-sized particles. Two textures were created, without altering the chemical properties or mineral composition of the soil, by adding silt- and clay-sized particles of quartz to a quartz-based sandy soil at rates of 0% (sand) or 10% (silt+clay). Both textures were incubated at several water potentials, and the effect on the active bacterial communities was measured using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) of bacterial 16S rRNA. Bacterial richness and diversity increased as water potential decreased and soil became drier (P < 0.012), but they were not affected by texture (P > 0.553). Bacterial diversity increased at water potentials of <or=2.5 kPa in sand and <or=4.0 kPa in silt+clay, equivalent to <or=56% water-filled pore space (WFPS) in both textures. The bacterial community structure in soil was affected by both water potential and texture (P < 0.001) and was correlated with WFPS (sum of squared correlations [delta(2)] = 0.88, P < 0.001). These findings suggest that low pore connectivity is commonly experienced by soil bacteria under field conditions and that the theory of pore connectivity may provide a fundamental principle to explain the high diversity of bacteria in soil.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have huge industrial potential, and their environmental impacts need to be evaluated. Knowledge of CNT impacts on soil microbial communities is still limited. To address this knowledge gap, we systematically examined dynamic effects of one type of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWs) and three multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWs) with different outer diameters on the soil bacterial community in an agricultural soil over 56 days. The results showed that SWs differently affected soil bacterial abundance, diversity, and composition as compared to MWs. The differences could have resulted from the materials' distinct physical structure and surface composition, which in turn affected their bioavailability in soil. For certain treatments, soil bacterial diversity and the relative abundance of certain predominant phyla were correlated with their exposure duration. However, many phyla recovered to their initial relative abundance within 56 days, reflecting resilience of the soil bacterial community in response to CNT-induced disturbance. Further analysis at the genus level showed differential tolerance to MWs, as well as size- and dose-dependent tolerance among bacterial genera. Predictive functional profiling showed that while CNTs initially caused fluctuations in microbial community function, community function largely converged across all treatments by the end of the 56 day exposure.

Land degradation deteriorates biological productivity and affects environmental, social, and economic sustainability, particularly so in the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil. Although some studies exist reporting gross measures of soil microbial parameters and processes, limited information is available on how land degradation and restoration strategies influence the diversity and composition of soil microbial communities. In this study we compare the structure and diversity of bacterial communities in degraded and restored lands in Northeast Brazil and determine the soil biological and chemical properties influencing bacterial communities. We found that land degradation decreased the diversity of soil bacteria as indicated by both reduced operational taxonomic unit (OTU) richness and Shannon index. Soils under native vegetation and restoration had significantly higher bacterial richness and diversity than degraded soils. Redundancy analysis revealed that low soil bacterial diversity correlated with a high respiratory quotient, indicating stressed microbial communities. By contrast, soil bacterial communities in restored land positively correlated with high soil P levels. Importantly, however, we found significant differences in the soil bacterial community composition under native vegetation and in restored land, which may indicate differences in their functioning despite equal levels of bacterial diversity.

Soil microorganisms are greatly affected by their microenvironment. To reveal the influence of different land use patterns on the composition and diversity of soil bacterial and fungal communities, this study analyzed microbial (bacteria and fungi) community composition and diversity under different land use patterns (vegetable land, wasteland, woodland, cultivated land) based on 16S rRNA, 18S rRNA, and high-throughput sequencing method in the Taojia River Basin. Spearman analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA) were used to explore the correlation between soil physicochemical properties and soil fungal and bacterial community composition, and a partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) was constructed to express the causal relationship between soil physicochemical properties and soil bacterial and fungal community diversity. The results showed that the soil bacterial species richness was highest in vegetable land and the lowest in the wasteland. Proteobacteria is the dominant phylum (20.69%–32.70%), and Actinobacteria is the dominant class (7.99%–16.95%). The species richness of fungi in woodland was the highest, while was the lowest in cultivated land. The dominant phylum of fungi in vegetable land, woodland, and cultivated land is Mucoromycota, 29.39%, 41.36%, and 22.67%, respectively. Ascomycota (42.16%) is the dominant phylum in wasteland. Sordariomyetes of Ascomycota is the dominant class in wasteland and cultivated land. Mortierellomycetes and Glomeromycetes of Mucoromycota are the dominant class in vegetable land and woodland. The results of the Spearman analysis revealed that the dominant groups in the bacterial and fungal communities had significant correlations with soil pH, clay, and sand (p &lt; 0.01). The RDA results showed that soil clay, pH, and moisture were the key environmental factors affecting the diversity of soil microbial communities. Fungal diversity is more affected by different land use patterns than bacteria. These results provided a theoretical basis for the changes in soil microbial community composition and diversity in river basins.