2527 トップダウン指向設計支援システムにおける設計知識の管理手法に関する考察

Traditional civil aircraft manufacturing enterprises are experiencing transformation from providing products to providing the civil aircraft services based on the entire life cycle. In the process of transformation and upgrading, a well-developed knowledge management system is crucial to support the rapid and agile development of enterprises, fast delivery of orders and increase in brand awareness. However, in the research area of civil aircraft design knowledge management and related computer integrated manufacturing systems, there is a lack of investigation into knowledge modelling, management frameworks and methods of civil aircraft product design, which are vital in modern digitised manufacturing systems. Therefore, this research puts forward a design knowledge management (DKM) model for civil aircraft cabin, which is based on the analysis of design knowledge flow patterns among users, decision makers, designers and engineers. The authors have established the mapping model between historical design cases and new civil aircraft cabin design, and have built a Markov Logic Networks based design knowledge management framework which integrated time series into DKM systems to increase the accuracy and availability of knowledge matching. Finally, the specific application of the Markov Logic Networks-based knowledge management software platform is proposed.

This paper analyzed the main features of product design and manufacturing in the knowledge management environment and service oriented management model based on collaborative. Based on the analysis of these two aspects, this paper puts forward the four key problems which the collaborative design activities in manufacturing supply chain will face in knowledge representation and knowledge converting and knowledge reuse and knowledge management. At last, a framework for collaborative product design(CPD) knowledge management model in manufacturing supply chain based on ontology is established under the application background of integrated platform for collaborative product design in manufacturing enterprise.

Purpose – Guidelines for the design of knowledge-based e-learning usability systems are absent from the current recognized set of usability design heuristics and from an established evaluation methodology of e-learning system developments. Such systems can help Web designers and instructional designers design for different user needs and decide which properties are of a higher priority, thus meriting more design and development efforts. The authors aim to help students develop higher-order thinking skills, such as application, evaluation and syntheses of knowledge. Design/methodology/approach – The authors applied Merrill ' s first principles of instruction and usability properties as pedagogical and usability design guidelines, knowledge management (KM) and hierarchical task analysis as methodological knowledge bases. The authors proposed a KM e-learning usability framework which frames our mapping of Web usability attributes to e-learning usability properties. The authors aim to investigate whether adopting Merrill ' s first principles of instruction and usability properties as knowledge-based guidelines/design factors would help learners develop higher-order thinking skills and whether this design would result in positive technology acceptance. The authors also developed a method matrix to map the selected methods of cognitive engineering to its potential uses in the KM e-learning usability framework of this paper and mapped e-learning usability tools with components in the KM e-learning usability system. Findings – Findings indicated that our design effectively helped learners to demonstrate higher-order thinking skills and positive technology acceptance, promising indications toward the design and development of knowledge-based usability frameworks and systems. Research/limitations/implications – The sample size of this paper is small. Hence, conclusions are not generalizable at this moment. Originality/Value – The authors’ contributions are twofold: First, the authors proposed a KM e-learning usability framework, which frames the mapping of KM processes to e-learning principles and usability properties. Second, the authors proposed a method matrix which maps the selected methods of cognitive engineering to its potential uses in their KM e-learning usability framework. Based on these mappings and focusing on the usability properties navigation and learning support, the authors used ICT/Web2.0 tools to present/visualize information more clearly and more sensibly/manageably to students, to help trigger new knowledge and develop higher-order thinking skills, such as application, evaluation and syntheses of knowledge and articulate information from different perspectives throughout the KM life cycle.

Traditionally, the complexities and costs associated with design conceptualization (e.g., 3D scanning) and design realization (e.g., 3D printing) have limited the diversity of individuals capable of participating in the process to individuals/entities with advanced technical backgrounds or substantial financial resources. The authors of this work propose a methodology that utilizes low cost hardware and open source software to make the capture, reuse and management of design knowledge more accessible to the general public. 3D scanners are digital tools that facilitate the conversion of physical object information into the digital space through multiple image capture techniques. 3D scanners have the potential to revolutionize design conceptualization in society by enabling individuals to seamlessly transform physical representations of objects into a digital 3D rendered version. The 3D rendered version can then be manipulated using existing 3D CAD tools (e.g., SolidWorks) and subsequently printed using a 3D printer. Design realization via 3D printers (e.g., RepRaps) is becoming an integral aspect of the engineering design process. While the conceptualization of designs (e.g. CAD models) helps designers visually experience potential candidate designs, product prototypes that can actually be touched and manipulated add an important ‘feedback’ dimension to the engineering design process. This scan-edit-print approach to design conceptualization and realization will enable designers collaborating in online environments to work towards achieving a common design by providing them with tools and techniques. A case study is presented that demonstrates the feasibility of the scan (knowledge capture), edit (knowledge reuse) and print (knowledge management) approach to design using low cost hardware and open source software.

The design, engineering, manufacture, and maintenance of high performance and high complexity systems have become one of the most important issues in the industrial world today. Facilitating these engineering activities depends on our ability to assemble and effectively deliver the life-cycle engineering knowledge. This paper deals with different problems of design using concurrent engineering, and with the application of information and knowledge management, with acquisition, representation, retrieval and delivery of design knowledge to the designers to reach co-operative knowledge processing. Car body shapes will be given as examples to shape based and feature based knowledge. Finally the support for interacting / integrated designer systems will be discussed.

Knowledge management (KM) can be defined as “identifying and leveraging the collective knowledge in an organization to help the organization compete” (Alavi and Leidner, 2001). Knowledge is often considered the most valuable resource in any organization (Teece, 1998) because the expertise and innovative capacities of employees represent the only resource that cannot be copied and is unique to the employees and their interactions to create intellectual synergies. Therefore, the ability to effectively capture, organize, and disseminate this knowledge to the people who need it is crucial to the success and competitive advantage of the firm, and it requires a sound foundation. Knowledge management has been considered to be essentially about purposeful actions carried out inside an entity to manage its capabilities with the aim of accomplishing its objectives (Holsapple and Joshi, 2004).

This chapter explores issues related to integration, management, and use of multidisciplinary, user-centered system design knowledge. A pressing need exists for theory, techniques, and tools for management of the knowledge emergent in complex system development efforts. Challenges to effective system design knowledge management are many, and span the range of engineering, psychological, and social sciences. We need repositories and other points of exchange for system design knowledge, and conceptual catalysts to support value-added integration of the results from multi-disciplinary, user-centered design research and practice. This chapter outlines a research program for design knowledge management based on the use of scenarios as anchors for design rationale, and on the importance of interaction activity design as a means to make this knowledge accessible. We describe an example of how the approach is being applied and report on our on-going projects in the area.

Product design tends to be more complex and needs the effective cooperation among multidisciplinary designers and engineers. An ideal product design environment, which is both collaborative and intelligent, will be much appreciated. Agent technology is an innovative and promising approach to implementing distributed systems and is becoming popular in various areas of computing in recent years. In this paper, the dynamic nature of collaborative design process and the representation of collaborative design knowledge are presented. In order to model constantly evolving design process and the rationales resulted from collaboration, a Collaborative Product Data Model (CPDM), which extends traditional Product Data Model (PDM), and a constraint-based Collaborative Design Process Model (CDPM) are proposed. These are intended to facilitate the management and coordination of collaborative product design process and knowledge management. A design example is used to illustrate CDPM. While the system is being implemented, the architecture of our agent-based collaborative product design environment based on CPDM and CDPM is described.

: Since the Center for Innovation in Ship Design (CISD) was established in 2002, its focus has been on knowledge, people, and innovation. Innovative ship design requires people with the proper training, education, and experience. It also requires the effective use of knowledge resources. The extent to which an organization performs well, will depend, among other things, on how effectively its people can create new knowledge, share knowledge around the organization, and use that knowledge to best effect. NAVSEA 05D recognized that effective knowledge management would help it achieve its overall strategy and goals. As a result, NAVSEA 05D funded CISD to work on a knowledge management project directed at their Ship Design and Certification Network (SDCN). Although it was realized that the resources available would limit the scope of the project, the intent was still to produce tangible results. The goal was to provide an effective way to find documents on the SDCN, an indication of a document's overall likelihood to contain reliable information, a method for personnel to provide feedback on the quality of any information in a document, and to ensure data files used for each design study remain unaltered and final design report. This report summarizes the work undertaken to achieve these goals.

Knowledge-Based Systems and Knowledge Management in Product Design and Manufacturing: Experiences and Future Directions

This paper investigates interrelationships of product design, organization design, processes for learning and managing knowledge, and competitive strategy. This paper uses the principles of nearly decomposable systems to investigate the ability of standardized interfaces between components in a product design to embed coordination of product development processes. Embedded coordination creates ‘hierarchical coordination’ without the need to continually exercise authority—enabling effective coordination of processes without the tight coupling of organizational structures. We develop concepts of modularity in product and organization designs based on standardized component and organization interfaces. Modular product architectures create information structures that provide the ‘glue’ that holds together the loosely coupled parts of a modular organization design. By facilitating loose coupling, modularity can also reduce the cost and difficulty of adaptive coordination, thereby increasing the strategic flexibility of firms to respond to environmental change. Modularity in product and organization designs therefore enables a new strategic approach to the management of knowledge based on an intentional, carefully managed loose coupling of a firm's learning processes at architectural and component levels of product creation processes.

Management of fixture design knowledge is vital for improving product quality and reducing product lead time, but there is no efficient and effective mechanism in current computer-aided fixture design systems to integrate fixture design process, to share design resource as well as acquisition and reuse knowledge. Ontology is increasingly seen as a key technology for enabling semantics-driven knowledge processing. On the background of a architecture of fixture design system based on knowledge introduced in the paper, we presented and expatiated a fixture design knowledge acquisition and reuse technology based on ontology, which embeds ontology in current computer-aided fixture design based on knowledge. Finally, the related case study was given.

This paper proposes the Smart Virtual Product Development (SVPD) system, which enhances the industrial product manufacturing processes. The proposed system comprises of three main modules: design knowledge management (DKM), manufacturing capability analysis and process planning (MCAPP), and product inspection planning (PIP). Smart virtual product development system collects, stores, and uses experiential knowledge from formal decisional events in the form of set of experience (SOE). This research explains the working mechanism of MCAPP module, and shows how manufacturing knowledge of similar products having some common features and functions is used to enrich the manufacturing process. First, the basic description and principles of the approach are introduced, then the prototype version of the system is developed and tested for manufacturing capability and process planning (MCAPP) module for the case study, which verifies the feasibility of the proposed approach. The presented system successfully supports smart manufacturing, and can play a vital role in Industry 4.0.

In order to support distributed design work, it is necessary to use all kinds of geographically dispersed design expertise and knowledge as soon as possible. At the same time, all the knowledge base is asked to accumulate and update, as well as to retrieve and share. This paper focus on the knowledge map and knowledge management tools to support distributed design. Design activity in distributed product design includes calculation and reasoning, as well as simulation and evaluation. Design knowledge includes formula and rules, as well as constraints. The object of product design knowledge management includes the knowledge of the product domain, the design process knowledge and the expert with design knowledge. Knowledge management architecture can be described as four layers, which are management tool layer and basic management layer, as well as high management layer and knowledge integration layer. Knowledge map is used to connect all knowledge nodes with different kinds of knowledge base. To increase the transparency and agility of knowledge map, the knowledge indexing is a very important work. Knowledge expert can move along six paths that are central for effective knowledge visualization in product design contexts. The XML based knowledge index support building knowledge map automatically, and provide user information about the design knowledge. The map is constructed in the text based SVG format, so user can search the needed knowledge by key words. The basic element of product design knowledge is represented as BNF format. Some technologies of management tools had been analyses.KeywordsDistributed designKnowledge mapKnowledge management tool

With the development of educational technology, game-based learning has been gradually applied to teaching practice. This study is divided into two phases. In phase 1, systematic development process was used to develop a simulation e-learning game combining role-playing with problem-solving strategies called “Instructional Design Guidelines – Gem Quest.” This game aims to enable learners who intend to act as “game-based learning instructional designers” in e-learning industry to apply the instructional design knowledge, procedures, and project management skill they have learned, experience the practical work contexts in workplaces, and further use problem-solving strategies to complete tasks in the game before they engage in such work. This game is divided into 5 stages: raw materials, structure, storyboard, product, and online. Learners played the role as the game-based learning designers in the contexts, and had to interact and communicate with the members of various projects in the contexts to implement the projects. The conditions for stage completion and feedback mechanism of the game were designed according to the actual workplace status. Upon completion of this software, Phase 2 is an empirical study was conducted during course instruction to investigate learners’ technology acceptance and learning effectiveness of application of this game. The participants were a total of 51 sophomores of Department of Multimedia Design in a certain university in the northern Taiwan. The research results showed that, learners’ technology acceptance of this game is above the median, and there is a significant difference in their stage completion and posttest scores.