3D Mirrored Object Selection for Occluded Objects in Virtual Environments

IntroductionThis study explored the use of the Virtual Reality Joint Painting Procedure (VR-JPP) to examine the relationship dynamics between mother-daughter dyads in middle childhood (ages 9 to 12). The research focused on art-based interventions conducted in the virtual reality space.MethodsInterviews were conducted with 16 mothers who participated in the VR-JPP.ResultsThe interviews yielded three main themes: dyadic communication in the virtual reality space, the advantages and disadvantages of three-dimensional painting in virtual reality, and the tripartite relationship between the therapist, mother, and daughter in the therapeutic space. The findings suggest that virtual reality fostered an innovative therapeutic space that encourages freer and more open interactions between mothers and daughters using avatars that enable unmediated emotional expression. The virtual space allowed the dyads to focus on emotional and creative communication and increased their grasp of relationship dynamics.DiscussionThe virtual space allowed the dyads to focus on emotional and creative communication and increased their grasp of relationship dynamics. These findings contribute to the literature on the uses of art in the virtual reality space from the perspective of mothers.

We present a novel natural user interface framework, called Meta-Gesture, for selecting and manipulating rotatable virtual reality (VR) objects in egocentric viewpoint. Meta-Gesture uses the gestures of holding and manipulating the tools of daily use. Specifically, the holding gesture is used to summon a virtual object into the palm, and the manipulating gesture to trigger the function of the summoned virtual tool. Our contributions are broadly threefold: 1) Meta-Gesture is the first to perform bare hand-gesture-based orientation-aware selection and manipulation of very small (nail-sized) VR objects, which has become possible by combining a stable 3-D palm pose estimator (publicly available) with the proposed static–dynamic (SD) gesture estimator; 2) the proposed novel SD random forest, as an SD gesture estimator can classify a 3-D static gesture and its action status hierarchically, in a single classifier; and 3) our novel voxel coding scheme, called layered shape pattern, which is configured by calculating the fill rate of point clouds (raw source of data) in each voxel on the top of the palm pose estimation, allows for dispensing with the need for preceding hand skeletal tracking or joint classification while defining a gesture. Experimental results show that the proposed method can deliver promising performance, even under frequent occlusions, during orientation-aware selection and manipulation of objects in VR space by wearing head-mounted display with an attached egocentric-depth camera (see the supplementary video available at: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org ).

Augmented Reality (AR) is the combination of digital information and user's target in real world. The handheld devices like Smartphone have all the components that are necessary to use an augmented reality application, where the virtual three dimensional objects imported on real world environment. In AR based mobile applications utilizing an image target trackers are growing. In these continue growing trends can lead the applications to require more interaction technique interfaces, which will attract the user attentions (e.g. hand interaction). In this proposes work a new approach used to dynamic nature hand interaction on Virtual Reality (VR) objects through the mobile based AR application. Virtual link and buttons are placed on the image target surface and interact by the human 3-D hand. Hand detection algorithm used for fast detecting and track the hand on virtual objects. By this proposed system the user can directly change the behavior and position of the virtual object by human hand. Virtual links and buttons are allowing the users to view other virtual objects on same virtual space. Filter data technique by reducing redundancies and creating layout for remaining information on virtual objects for change the behavior or functions of the virtual interface objects.

Although the stereoscopic effect in 3D virtual reality (VR) space has been studied, its influence on motor performance, specifically how stereoscopic objects affect behavioral outcomes like reaching, remains unclear. Previous research has primarily focused on perceptual aspects rather than on how stereoscopic visual input impacts motor control at the behavioral level. Thus, we investigated the effects of stereoscopic objects in a VR environment on reaching performance, examining whether the stereoscopic effect of objects is a significant aspect enough to affect performance at the behavioral level. While doing so, we investigated young and older adults separately, as age is a critical factor influencing motor performance. Fourteen young and 23 older participants performed a reaching task in the VR space. The target objects were 2D and 3D, deviating from the initial position by 10 and 20 cm. The movement attributed to feedforward control was analyzed using end-point error and smoothness of movement. Our results revealed that older participants had significantly worse predictive control than young participants in the 3D long task, suggesting that the positions of 3D objects were more difficult to predict than those of 2D objects. Young participants showed a significant difference in smoothness between 2D and 3D objects, which was not observed in older participants. This may reflect the floor effect in older participants. Under the short-distance condition, neither group showed a significant difference, suggesting the ceiling effect by distance. We confirmed that the effect of stereoscopic objects was not drastic but it did hamper the reaching performance.

Though virtual reality (VR) has been advanced to certain levels of maturity in recent years, the general public, especially the population of the blind and visually impaired (BVI), still cannot enjoy the benefit provided by VR. Current VR accessibility applications have been developed either on expensive head-mounted displays or with extra accessories and mechanisms, which are either not accessible or inconvenient for BVI individuals. In this paper, we present a mobile VR app that enables BVI users to access a virtual environment on an iPhone in order to build their skills of perception and recognition of the virtual environment and the virtual objects in the environment. The app uses the iPhone on a selfie stick to simulate a long cane in VR, and applies Augmented Reality (AR) techniques to track the iPhone’s real-time poses in an empty space of the real world, which is then synchronized to the long cane in the VR environment. Due to the use of mixed reality (the integration of VR & AR), we call it the Mixed Reality cane (MR Cane), which provides BVI users auditory and vibrotactile feedback whenever the virtual cane comes in contact with objects in VR. Thus, the MR Cane allows BVI individuals to interact with the virtual objects and identify approximate sizes and locations of the objects in the virtual environment. We performed preliminary user studies with blind-folded participants to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed mobile approach and the results indicate that the proposed MR Cane could be effective to help BVI individuals in understanding the interaction with virtual objects and exploring 3D virtual environments. The MR Cane concept can be extended to new applications of navigation, training and entertainment for BVI individuals without more significant efforts.

In civil circulation, due to its digitalization, virtual objects that, unlike a real object of the surrounding world in its usual sense, have a digital form wihout a real shell, are widespread. The civil law regime of virtual objects is not defined in the current legislation. Meanwhile, in the context of the development of metaverse concepts, this problem and the search for ways to solve it is becoming increasingly urgent. Determining the legal regime of objects created by the user of the platform on which access to virtual reality is provided, augmented reality objects, as well as objects existing and created within the metaverse, where the user’s usual activities can be carried out, is ambiguous in scholarship and jurisprudence. This study was undertaken to determine the features of the civil law regime of objects created in virtual reality, augmented reality, and in the metaverse. It was concluded that the regimes of familiar civil law objects (property, results of intellectual activity, intangible benefits, services) can be extended to the objects under consideration. However, the material legal concept does not fully reflect the legal nature of the objects under study. Therefore, virtual objects that copy things of the physical world, in essence, can be recognized as other property rights. At the same time, the intellectual property rules can be applied to these objects only if they are created as a result of a person’s creative efforts.

In light of growing concerns about opioid analgesics, developing new non-pharmacologic pain control techniques has become a high priority. Adjunctive virtual reality can help reduce acute pain during painful medical procedures. However, for some especially painful medical procedures such as burn wound cleaning, clinical researchers recommend that more distracting versions of virtual reality are needed, to further amplify the potency of virtual reality analgesia. The current study with healthy volunteers explores for the first time whether interacting with virtual objects in Virtual Reality (VR) via “hands free” eye-tracking technology integrated into the VR helmet makes VR more effective/powerful than non-interactive/passive VR (no eye-tracking) for reducing pain during brief thermal pain stimuli.MethodForty eight healthy volunteers participated in the main study. Using a within-subject design, each participant received one brief thermal pain stimulus during interactive eye tracked virtual reality, and each participant received another thermal pain stimulus during non-interactive VR (treatment order randomized). After each pain stimulus, participants provided subjective 0–10 ratings of cognitive, sensory and affective components of pain, and rated the amount of fun they had during the pain stimulus.ResultsAs predicted, interactive eye tracking increased the analgesic effectiveness of immersive virtual reality. Compared to the passive non-interactive VR condition, during the interactive eye tracked VR condition, participants reported significant reductions in worst pain (p < 0.001) and pain unpleasantness (p < 0.001). Participants reported a significantly stronger illusion of presence (p < 0.001), and significantly more fun in VR (p < 0.001) during the interactive condition compared to during passive VR. In summary, as predicted by our primary hypothesis, in the current laboratory acute pain analog study with healthy volunteers, increasing the immersiveness of the VR system via interactive eye tracking significantly increased how effectively VR reduced worst pain during a brief thermal pain stimulus. Although attention was not directly measured, the pattern of pain ratings, presence ratings, and fun ratings are consistent with an attentional mechanism for how VR reduces pain. Whether the current results generalize to clinical patient populations is another important topic for future research. Additional research and development is recommended.

Selection by consequences is a causal mode that operates across multiple levels of analysis including in biological organisms via natural selection, and at the levels of individual (via operant contingencies) and cultural behaviors (Skinner, 1953, Science, 213, 501-504, 1981, 1988, 1989; Glenn in The Behavior Analyst, 11(2), 161-179, 1988, The Behavior Analyst, 27(2), 133-151, 2004). The common dynamics of systems within which selection by consequences operates has led to attempts to develop an interdisciplinary understanding of adaptation. The metacontingency (Glenn in The Behavior Analyst, 11(2), 161-179, 1988, The Behavior Analyst, 27(2), 133-151, 2004) has been proposed as a process of cultural-level selection, but this proposal has been challenged in several critiques. First, several theorists have suggested that the metacontingency addresses within-groups processes of selection that have already been addressed by more parsimonious theories. Second, principles of self-organizing systems, should they apply within cultural settings, may significantly limit the efficacy of the metacontingency as a construct of cultural analysis. More recently, additional processes of selection, the selection of cultures and cultural selection (Couto & Sandaker in Behavior & Social Issues, 25, 54-60, 2016) have been suggested as between-groups processes of selection, operating at a level higher than operant selection, and fulfilling the role of cultural-level selection as proposed by Skinner. In the present article, these new processes will be considered in light of principles of self-organization and the conditions within which self-organization may occur. The culturant hypercycle, the operant hypercycle, and interactions between the two (culturo-behavioral hypercycles) are defined as self-organizing processes that help to explain how the selection of cultures and cultural selection may occur. Further, the theory of self-organizing systems is used to explain how self-organizing dynamics may emerge via metacontingencies, reintegrating the culturant and metacontingent selection into an expanded model explaining processes of cultural evolution.

Extended-Reality Technologies: An Overview of Emerging Applications in Medical Education and Clinical Care.

Realising the very need of women empowerment and development, the present study has been undertaken to explore the efficiency of different women stakeholder selection processes namely through panchayat, farm and home visit, self-help group and farmer’s club with respect to adoption of innovation. The study was conducted in five villages of Coochbehar-II block of Coochbehar district in West Bengal. Purposive as well as multistage and random sampling procedure were followed in the present study. The adoption percentage was considered as the response variable and the other attributes of women stakeholders were considered as the antecedent variables for the study. The data were collected with the help of structured schedule through personal interview method. The statistical methods used for the analysis of the data were frequency, percentage, ranking and t-test. In the present study, it was found that variation in age is responsible for a significant variation among the women stakeholders selected by panchayat and farm and home visit. Likewise, the attribute education accounts for a significant difference among the women stakeholders selected by panchayat and farm and home visit, also among the women stakeholders selected through panchayat and self-help group as well as among those selected by farm and home visit and farmer’s club. In case of women stakeholders’ caste, the significant mean differences are observed in case of panchayat and farm and home visit selection processes, panchayat and farmer’s club selection processes, farm and home visit and self-help group selection processes and farm and home visit and farmer’s club selection processes. A significant mean difference is also observed, on the basis of women stakeholders’ occupation, in between panchayat and farmer’s club selection processes. Almost similar type of significant differences among the four different women stakeholder selection processes are evidenced in case of selected women stakeholders’ family size, annual income, house type, animal size, attitude towards adoption, risk orientation, training need assessed and adoption percentage. A significant difference is also revealed in case of women stakeholders’ farm size selected by self-help group and farmer’s club. It is also found from the present study that women stakeholder selection process through self-help group is much more effective than other selection procedures being studied in case of adopting an innovation. In search of the training need of the women stakeholders, the most preferred areas of training by the women stakeholders were scientific orchard management, followed by floriculture, improved poultry and duckery breed rearing, cattle feed rearing, tailoring and pisciculture.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v2i2.12472 Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-2, issue-2: 180-183

Companies increasingly use artificial intelligence (AI) and algorithmic decision-making (ADM) for their recruitment and selection process for cost and efficiency reasons. However, there are concerns about the applicant’s affective response to AI systems in recruitment, and knowledge about the affective responses to the selection process is still limited, especially when AI supports different selection process stages (i.e., preselection, telephone interview, and video interview). Drawing on the affective response model, we propose that affective responses (i.e., opportunity to perform, emotional creepiness) mediate the relationships between an increasing AI-based selection process and organizational attractiveness. In particular, by using a scenario-based between-subject design with German employees (N = 160), we investigate whether and how AI-support during a complete recruitment process diminishes the opportunity to perform and increases emotional creepiness during the process. Moreover, we examine the influence of opportunity to perform and emotional creepiness on organizational attractiveness. We found that AI-support at later stages of the selection process (i.e., telephone and video interview) decreased the opportunity to perform and increased emotional creepiness. In turn, the opportunity to perform and emotional creepiness mediated the association of AI-support in telephone/video interviews on organizational attractiveness. However, we did not find negative affective responses to AI-support earlier stage of the selection process (i.e., during preselection). As we offer evidence for possible adverse reactions to the usage of AI in selection processes, this study provides important practical and theoretical implications.

THE INFLUENCE OF RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION PROCESSES AND THEIR IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE QUALITY AT PT SUNA KARYA SOLUSI The increasingly competitive business world encourages companies to have quality human resources that meet organizational needs. PT. Suna Karya Solusi still faces problems in the form of mismatching employee competencies with job demands and a high turnover rate of new employees reaching 25% in the first six months of employment. This condition shows the importance of an effective recruitment and selection process in improving employee quality. This study aims to analyze the effect of the recruitment and selection process on employee quality at PT. Suna Karya Solusi. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method through questionnaires distributed to 54 employees of PT. Suna Karya Solusi as respondents. The sampling method used is probability sampling with a random sampling technique. Data collection was carried out using a Google Form-based questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis supported by classical assumption tests and hypothesis tests with the help of SPSS version 30 software. The results of the study indicate that the recruitment process has a positive and significant effect on employee quality, the selection process has a positive and significant effect on employee quality, and the recruitment and selection process simultaneously has a positive and significant effect on employee quality at PT. Suna Karya Solusi. This research is expected to provide a comprehensive picture of the importance of implementing appropriate recruitment and selection processes in improving employee quality and reducing employee turnover rates.

Virtual reality (VR) technology has become a growing force in entertainment, education, science, and manufacturing due to the capability of providing users with immersive experiences and natural interaction. Although common input devices such as controllers, gamepads, and trackpads have been integrated into mainstream VR systems for user-content interaction, they cannot provide users with realistic haptic feedback. Some prior work tracks and maps the physical objects into the virtual space to allow users to interact with these objects directly, which improves users’ sense of reality in the virtual environment. However, most of them use additional hardware sensors, which inevitably increases the cost. In this research, a lightweight approach is proposed to synchronize the positions and motions between physical and digital objects without any extra costs. We use the real-time captured video data from in-built cameras on a VR headset and employ feature points based algorithms to generate projections of the physical objects in the virtual world. Our approach does not rely on additional sensors but just uses components available in a VR headset. Our approach allows users to interact with target objects with their hands directly without the need for specially designed trackers, markers, and other hardware devices as used in previous work. With our approach, users can get more realistic operational feedback when interacting with corresponding virtual objects.

The three-dimensional (3D) virtual reality content is widely used for educational and training purposes, and there has been interest in how virtual reality environments influence users’ learning effect. Analyzing survey data collected from a game play, this study examined how presence in a 3D virtual reality car driving simulation game impacts players’ learning transfer intention through flow, arousal, and enjoyment. Using structural equation modeling, the results showed that presence was positively associated with flow and arousal, which in turn contributed to an increase in enjoyment of the game. The enjoyment played a significant role in elevating the players’ learning transfer intention. These results provide an understanding of the psychological mechanisms behind the impact of presence on learning transfer intention in a 3D virtual reality driving simulation game. Limitations and implications of the study are discussed in greater detail.

Background and Objectives:Minimally invasive surgery for renal masses is complex and relies on two-dimensional (2D) computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans for surgical planning. We sought to determine if three-dimensional (3D) virtual reality (VR) models generated from imaging of patients undergoing robotic partial nephrectomy influenced presurgical planning approaches when compared to routine planning.Methods:The initial 15 patients underwent robotic assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy performed by one urologic surgeon. All patients pre-operatively underwent a CT and/or MRI scan. A pre-operative surgical plan was then recorded. 3D VR models were generated from these scans and reviewed. A second surgical plan was developed based on the 3D VR images. A comparison was made between the two studies prior to surgical intervention. All final surgical plans were implemented based on the 3D VR imaging studies.Results:Six surgical approaches were changed based on the 3D VR images. Two surgical approaches were changed from a transperitoneal to a retroperitoneal approach and two from a retroperitoneal to a transperitoneal approach. Two patients had distinctive renal vasculature related to the renal cancers which were not appreciated on routine scans but were well delineated by VR imaging studies. As a result, the surgical approach for two patients was altered to accommodate the new findings.Conclusion:Operative planning is paramount when performing robotic partial nephrectomy and developing a 3D surgical approach from 2D imaging can be difficult. Three-dimensional VR models affords the surgeon a 3D view prior to and during surgery and can ensure the selection of the appropriate surgical approach.