3PC-019 Abstract withdrawn

Calcinosis cutis also commonly called as Calciphylaxis is one of the uncommon conditions characterized by precipitation and deposition of phosphate and calcium salts in the dermis and subcutaneous tissues. We report two different cases clinical diagnosed as malignancy and final diagnosis was made on FNAC which correlated with the histopathology. A 45-year-old women came with a compliant of swelling over lateral aspect of thigh on left side since 6 months. Provisional diagnosis of liposarcoma was made clinically and on FNAC given as Calcinosis cutis which correlated with histopathology. A 62-year-old women came with compliant of swelling over lateral aspect of thigh on right side since 10 months associated with pain. Provisional diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma was made clinically and advised for FNAC clinically and on FNAC given as Calcinosis cutis which correlated with histopathology. Calcinosis cutis is a condition in which there is organized and localized deposition of calcium in the skin. The evolution of the lesions depends on the aetiology of the calcification. The pathogenesis still remains unclear, but several theories have been suggested for this. Calcinosis cutis is a potential mimic of a neoplastic lesion. FNAC is a simple, rapid and reliable technique and which helps in diagnosis of such lesions. Keywords: Mimicker, Fine needle aspiration cytology, Diagnosis

Calcinosis cutis is characterized by the deposition of calcium salts in the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Calcinosis cutis has different types, but the idiopathic type is considered the rarest type. We present the case of a 10-year-old boy who presented with a skin lesion on his right knee. No other similar nodules were noted elsewhere in the body. The lesion was first noted one year ago, and it slightly increased in size. The lesion was not pruritic and did not ulcerate. No history of previous trauma was provided. On physical examination, a nontender, firm, immobile, reddish, solitary nodule of 2 cm in diameter was observed on the extensor surface of the right knee. The patient underwent complete laboratory investigations that included hematological, biochemical, and immunological parameters, which yielded normal results. Excisional biopsy was performed, and histopathological examination revealed well-circumscribed deposits of basophilic materials in the subcutaneous tissue that is consistent with calcium deposits of calcinosis cutis. Idiopathic calcinosis cutis is a rare condition in children, particularly if it has a unilateral distribution. Proper evaluation should be performed to rule out any associated metabolic or systemic disorders that may alter the management pathway.

Zinc oxide is a safe source of zinc for all animal species and no concerns for consumer safety are expected from the use of zinc oxide in animal nutrition, considering the maximum contents for total zinc in feedingstuffs set by EU legislation. Zinc oxide is not an irritant to skin and eyes; it is not a skin sensitiser. The zinc oxide under application is considered a compound with high dusting potential, which may result in a critical exposure of users by inhalation, affecting the respiratory system. The authorised use of zinc oxide as a feed additive does not pose a direct concern for the agricultural soil compartment. However, there is a potential environmental concern related to groundwater, drainage and the run-off of zinc to surface water. Acid sandy soils are most vulnerable to these processes. In order to draw a final conclusion, some further refinement to the assessment of zinc-based feed additives in livestock needs to be considered, for which additional data would be required. The use of zinc-containing additives in aquaculture up to maximum authorised zinc level in feeds is not expected to pose an appreciable risk to the environment. Zinc oxide is efficacious in meeting animal zinc requirements.

Due to its high ability to absorb ultraviolet rays in a wide spectrum, zinc oxide has emerged as the most important element used in the manufacture of sunscreens and cosmetics. This study aimed to determine the composition of zinc oxide nanorods and nanoparticles, as well as their impact on UV ray absorption. This was done by using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM-EDS) and Ultra Violet (UV-Visible) spectroscopy to look at sunscreen samples that had different amounts of zinc oxide added to them. We prepared two types of commercial zinc oxide powder using a chemical bath deposition method. After characterizing samples of the two powders using FESEM-EDS spectroscopy, various shapes emerged, with rods dominating in both powders. The length of the structure was 224.7 nm, 9.443 ?m, and the diameter was 75.65 nm, 859.9 nm, respectively. The sun protection factor and the critical wavelength for the prepared samples were calculated using UV-Visible spectroscopy to measure the absorbance. An increasing zinc oxide to a certain extent led to an increase in UV ray absorption in all regions of the UV ray wavelength, with the ideal zinc oxide ratio being. The sunscreen had a concentration of 27.5%, and the use of zinc oxide provided broad protection from ultraviolet rays in all samples at the critical wavelength. In conclusion, increasing zinc oxide concentration in sunscreen increased the sun protection factor, critical wavelength, and UV ray protection.

Zinc oxide (ZnO), which is toxic to aquatic organisms, is widely used as an activator in the rubber industry. The reduction of ZnO content is one of the efficient ways to tackle ecological environment impacts induced by ZnO. However, the incompatibility between Zn2+ and organic matrix inhibits the solubility and activity of Zn2+ in the organic matrix, causing the heavy use of ZnO. This work develops a phase transfer agent with Zn2+-philic structure and oleophilic structure to increase the solubility of Zn2+ in the organic matrix. The phase transfer agent and Zn2+ form coordination interactions, while the hydrophobic chains of phase transfer agent and organic matrix form hydrophobic interactions. The above two interactions improve the solubility and activity of Zn2+ in the organic matrix, contributing to the formation of crosslinking network. Through the phase transfer agent strategy, we obtain the mechanically robust elastomers, and the samples with low ZnO content still maintain the superior properties. This work provides an efficient way to reduce ZnO content without sacrificing the performance of elastomers.

Hybrid photovoltaic and piezoelectric structures can convert photons to electrical energy by using the photovoltaic part and mechanical energy to electrical energy by using the piezoelectric part, in the presence of rain, wind etc, where there is not enough sunlight for photo-conversion. To date, state-of-the art UV-selective solar cells are mainly based on the use of zinc oxide (ZnO) as the absorber material. ZnO presents high absorption coefficient (α(λ) > 104 cm−1 for λ < 390 nm) and a direct energy bandgap of 3.37 e V. By anion alloying ZnO with sulfur (S), it is possible to fabricate Zn(O,S) mixed crystals that present a bandgap energy bowing with a reported minimum value at 2.7 eV, presenting a more optimal spectral match with the UV region. These structures can be used to create UV-selective solar cells with high transparency in the visible region, that can be utilized in many applications including the development of nonintrusive building-integrated photo-voltaic (BIPV) elements as transparent solar windows and glass-based solar façades. In addition, ZnO and Zinc Sulfide (ZnS) have the ability to convert applied mechanical strain energy to harvestable electrical energy in nano/microdevice. The wurtzite ZnO and ZnS materials exhibit excellent piezoelectric property along the [0001] direction because of their non-centrosymmetric structure. Therefore, in this research we conducted molecular dynamic (MD) simulations on a selected UV-TPV Zn(O1–xSx) structures and reported their polarization and the piezoelectric constants and compared them to pure ZnO and ZnS structures. The MD results show that the polarization and piezoelectric constants values were all intermediate between those obtained for ZnO and ZnS bulk structures, indicating good piezoelectric properties for the Zn(O1–xSx) structures.

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is frequently incorporated into diets for post-weaning pigs as a growth promoter and an alternative to antibiotics to help prevent diarrhea. The growth-promoting benefits of additives are thought to depend on health status and growth rate with high-health pigs requiring lower levels of additives than health challenged pigs. This study aimed to assess the effects of ZnO supplementation on post-weaning outcomes in high-health nursery pigs fed complex nursery diets designed for high growth rate (20% whey permeate, 7.5% spray-dried plasma). A total of 240 weaned pigs from 17 litters (weaning age: 19 ± 2 days; weaning body weight (BW): 5.4 ± 1.1 kg) were included in this study. Pigs were allocated weaning BW to one of two dietary treatments, both meeting or exceeding NRC requirements for their respective phases: treatment one with no zinc oxide supplementation (CON), and treatment two with 2000 ppm zinc oxide supplementation (ZnO). Individual BW and feed consumption were measured on days 0, 7, and 14 to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain-to-feed ratio (G: F). Blood and fecal samples were collected from three pigs per litter on days 0 and 14 to analyze IgG, serum antibodies (PCV2), and changes in the fecal microbiome (analysis pending). Fecal scores were assigned daily on a pen basis throughout the study using the following scoring system: 1 = firm feces, 2 = soft feces, 3 = mild diarrhea, and 4 = severe or watery diarrhea. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure in SAS to evaluate the fixed effect of treatment on growth performance. No mortality was observed. On d14, pigs fed weighed 7.7 kg and 8.3 kg for CON and ZnO treatments, respectively. The ZnO group had greater ADG than the CON group in the second week post-weaning (294 vs. 206 g/d; SEM: 21.1; P = 0.008), as well as greater overall ADG across the experimental period (217 vs. 166 g/d; SEM: 16.4;P = 0.007). The ZnO group also tended to have greater ADFI than the CON group in the first week post-weaning (P < 0.10) and had greater ADFI in the second week post-weaning (338 vs. 280 g/d; SEM: 13.7; P = 0.007), with an overall greater ADFI (258 vs. 227 g/d; SEM: 7.3; P = 0.006). In conclusion, ZnO supplementation at 2000 ppm effectively improves feed intake and growth performance. The use of ZnO is a valuable strategy in swine nutrition to support the growth of healthy, newly weaned pigs.

This work evaluates sensitivity, detection accuracy and quality factor of metamaterial based biosensor using zinc oxide (ZnO). Performance of proposed metamaterial based SPR biosensor is also compared with conventional SPR sensor and proposed SPR biosensor without ZnO. Highest sensitivity of 401.4 Degree/RIU is obtained for proposed SPR biosensor with compromise of detection accuracy and quality factor. Total attenuated reflection (ATR) method has been utilized to plot reflectance curves. Multilayer modeling is used to calculate reflectivity with the help of MATLAB software. Use of ZnO improves the sensitivity of metamaterial based SPR for sensing of biomolecules. Thus use of ZnO in proposed SPR biosensor can detect biomolecules with improved sensitivity.

In this research, a one-step method for the preparation of superhydrophobic and antibacterial cotton fabric is presented, which has been modified by zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and octadecanethiol (ODT). The individual use of ZnO and ODT resulted in superhydrophilic fabrics whereas their combined use caused a transformation to the superhydrophobic behavior. Based on the morphological analysis, the distribution of ZnO nanoparticles on the fabrics’ surfaces was notably improved leading to a much more uniform rough structure. Such proper level of roughness along with the hydrophobicity induced by ODT were found responsible for the observed high contact angle (161°). The deposition of ZnO and ODT on the fabrics’ surfaces was further proved by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The bacterial adhesion experiments revealed that even the sole presence of ODT could notably reduce the bacterial attachment to the fabric due to the reduced surface free energy. The individual use of ZnO nanoparticles was found to have a strong antibacterial effect on both Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) bacteria. The bacterial adhesion was even further diminished upon the combined use of ZnO and ODT. The numbers of adhered S. aureus and E. coli cells were highly reduced from 438,000 and 192,000 CFU cm−2 for the pristine fabric to 600 and 48 CFU cm−2 for the superhydrophobic fabric, respectively. Simultaneous achievement of superhydrophobicity and antibacterial activity on the fabrics’ surfaces could have promising potential in the hospital garments and facemasks where patients and staff need to be protected from the infections.

Oxin-zinc absorbers are designed for fine purification of natural gas from sulfur compounds. Spent absorbers are replaced with fresh ones after sulfur saturation. For the simultaneous loading of desulfurization apparatus in the chemical industry, hundreds of tons of zinc oxide absorbers will be required. Absorbers unloaded from the apparatus are waste products. At the end of 2000, more than 1, 000 tons of spent absorber had accumulated at domestic enterprises of the chemical industry. Purpose: To develop a technology for the extraction of zinc oxide from spent absorbers, to determine the conditions of dissolution, precipitation, heat treatment of the precipitate, consumption rates of nitric acid, carbon ammonium salt and product yield. Consider the use of zinc oxide from spent scavengers. Methodology: Nitric acid dissolution, purification of the solution from insoluble, precipitation of basic zinc carbonate, drying and calcination. PH control, analyzes of the composition of the raw material and the finished product, solutions by volume and titrometric methods and spectrophotometrically. Scientific novelty: The possibility of extracting zinc oxide from spent absorbers by the chemical-thermal method with the production of natural active zinc oxide for use in the manufacture of paints and fresh absorbers has been established. Received data: Engineering calculations were performed with the initial data for the design of a pilot plant. Pilot tests have confirmed the performance of the developed technology. The obtained zinc oxide in terms of quality, specific surface area and particle size meets the requirements for active zinc oxides for the production of effective absorbers.

ZINC OXIDE Zinc oxide has been used as a dermatotherapeutic agent for a long time. Pliny the Elder mentioned the use of zinc oxide.1The standard texts of the latter half of the 19th century mention zinc oxide so casually and so consistently that we may assume it has been used in dermatological formulations for the past 100 years to about the same degree as we are using it today. In the course of a not too profound search for the pharmacology of zinc oxide, the absence of any extensive studies was both striking and unexpected. During a discussion of this subject, one of us (B. A.), who has been teaching and practicing dermatology for 30 years, was startled by the realization that he could not give a very profound pharmacological answer to the question, Why do you prescribe zinc oxide?'' An unstudied answer to this ques

Chloride-doped ZnO thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis: Effects on microstructural, optical, and photocatalytic properties

The control of cell adhesion and viability by zinc oxide nanorods

This study is aimed at comparing the use of zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and aluminium oxide (Al2O3) for removing lead ions from water through adsorption. The point of zero charge was obtained for ZnO, TiO2, and Al2O3 and was found to be 7.3, 7.1, and 9.0, respectively. The effect of pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, initial concentrations, and temperature was investigated in batch experiments. The optimal conditions obtained were 7, 2 g/L, 120 mins, 100 ppm, and 41°C, respectively, where the optimal removal efficiencies were 98.43%, 96.45%, and 85.50% for ZnO, TiO2, and Al2O3, respectively. In addition, analyses of adsorption kinetics, mechanisms, isotherms, and thermodynamics were performed. The adsorption kinetics of Pb(II) were compared to popular models, and it was found that the pseudo-second-order (PSO) model best fitted the Pb(II) uptake for all adsorbents at correlation coefficient ([Formula: see text]). The adsorption isotherms of Pb(II) were also compared to popular models, and it was found that the Pb(II) uptake by TiO2 and ZnO was well-described by the Langmuir model ([Formula: see text]) with maximum adsorption capacities of 55.04 and 58.88 mg/g, respectively. On the other hand, the behaviour of Al2O3 is described more accurately by the Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) model ([Formula: see text]), and the maximum adsorption capacity was 53.64 mg/g. The isotherm analysis proved that the limiting step of the adsorption process is the film diffusion mechanism. In addition, studying the heat of adsorption of Pb(II) implied that the adsorption is endothermic due to the positive values of enthalpy ([Formula: see text]) for all adsorbents. The absorbents were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) to study the morphology of surfaces and the chemical characterization of the adsorbents to ensure that adsorption is achieved. ZnO showed better performance for the uptake of lead followed by TiO2 then Al2O3.

Part I.—Introduction ALTHOUGH the literature is replete with many articles dealing with tuberculous calcification of the kidney, relatively little has been written on the subject of non-tuberculous calcification and ossification of the kidney. The majority of text-books and monographs on urology and urological roentgenology fail to mention the occurrence of these conditions and reference to these phenomena is found only in isolated case reports or in cases reported in connection with some other pathological lesion, i.e., cysts, tumors, stones, pyonephrosis, etc. Our interest in this subject was engendered by several interesting cases which presented calcified shadows in the renal regions in the roentgenogram and offered extremely difficult problems in differential diagnosis. Further impetus was the finding of minute areas of calcification in the kidney which were discernible only on cross-section or microscopic examination of specimens removed at operation for renal lithiasis, pyonephroses, tumors, etc. For many years calcification has been the subject of much pathological and experimental investigation. In the latter half of the past century, excellent contributions to this subject were made by Virchow, Cohnheim, Czech, Von Kossa, and others. With the dawn of the new century, interest in this fascinating study was stimulated by the notable contributions of Askanazy, Verse, Gierke, Klotz, Tanaka and Katase, and later by the work of Wells, Schmidt, Hofmeister, Lubarsch, and others. In the past few years our knowledge of the chemistry of calcification has been enhanced and extended by the investigations of Howland and his associates on calcium deposits in normal and rachitic bones, and by physico-chemical studies of normal and abnormal changes in the calcium and phosphorus content of tissues and body fluids by Holt, Rabl, Kleinman, Barr, Albright, and others. It is not the intention of the authors to attempt a detailed summation of these studies on calcification in this paper, but rather to present a brief review of the more pertinent facts and theories concerning normal and pathological calcification in general and more specifically to discuss the pathogenesis of calcification in the kidney. Those interested in physiological, physical, and chemical aspects of calcification are referred to the excellent and comprehensive studies of Wells, Schmidt, Barr, Albright, and others. In the human body, calcification occurs either as a physiologic or pathologic process. Physiological calcification is the normal process concerned with the deposition of calcium salts in the development and the formation of bone. Pathological calcification includes the deposition or precipitation of calcium salts in those tissues or organs which ordinarily do not contain calcium deposits or concrements.