5G Wireless Communication Network Architecture and Its Key Enabling Technologies

The subject of research in this article is the process of building a mobile communication system that operates under electronic countermeasures. The aim is to develop recommendations for building a wireless mobile communication system that operates effectively in a complex interfering electromagnetic environment. The strategy for building a mobile wireless communication system is based on the use of a grouping of low-altitude UAVs with ultra-wideband signal technology circulating in control and communication channels, with the integration of artificial intelligence elements into its structure. The objective of this study is to ensure the stable and secure operation of a wireless mobile communication system despite electronic countermeasures. The methods of analytical, temporal positional pulse coding, and fuzzy logical inference were used to make decisions on the transfer of service in the network. The following results were obtained. A strategy for building a wireless mobile communication system despite electronic countermeasures has been developed. It is shown that in order to obtain high noise immunity of control and communication channels and to protect information from interception, wireless ultra-wideband communication technology should be used. This will provide large volumes and speeds of information transmission. A technical solution for the design of an ultra-wideband transceiver antenna system is proposed. Moreover, it is recommended to use the results of data processing in a fuzzy decision-making system for the transfer of service between mobile network nodes in conditions of interference. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is as follows. The use of ultra-wideband channels makes it possible to increase the number of control and communication channels in a wireless mobile system almost unlimitedly. The preliminary distribution of orthogonal codes between the channels realizes the process of control and communication without the interception of information and mutual interference. The use of the time-position-pulse coding method prevents the occurrence of intercharacter distortions of the encoding ultrashort pulses. This also reduces the level of distortion of information signals caused by multipath propagation, which guarantees the security of information in the system. The use of a fuzzy decision-making system for the transfer of services between mobile network nodes allows dynamically changing the network topology in real time and maintaining high quality of service under electronic countermeasures.

Latency optimized C-RAN in optical backhaul and RF fronthaul architecture for beyond 5G network: A comprehensive survey

In order to solve the problems of low-risk assessment accuracy and long time-consuming assessment of current wireless mobile communication systems, a wireless mobile communication system based on artificial intelligence algorithms is proposed. First, the research status of risk assessment of wireless mobile communication system at home and abroad is analyzed, and the risk assessment index system of wireless mobile communication system is established; then, the learning samples are collected according to the risk assessment index system of wireless mobile communication system, and artificial intelligence algorithm is used to optimize the neural network. Build the wireless mobile communication system risk assessment model; finally, carry out the wireless mobile communication system risk assessment simulation comparison test. The experimental results show that the accuracy rate of the risk assessment of the wireless mobile communication system by the artificial intelligence algorithm is over 95%, and the assessment error is smaller than in other models. The risk assessment time of the wireless mobile communication system is significantly reduced, the real-time performance is better, and it has a higher practical application value.

The rapid growth of wireless communication systems and devices has increased global energy consumption in wireless communication networks. Therefore, wireless communication technologies are advancing towards the development of fifth-generation wireless communication systems and beyond, i.e., towards the development of sixth-generation wireless communication systems. It is important that the energy efficiency of wireless communication systems considered a significant parameter along with data rate, delay and reliability. Green wireless communication systems aim to reduce the power consumption of wireless communication systems minimize carbon emissions and make wireless communication systems environmentally sustainable. This paper presents a comprehensive review of sustainable wireless communication systems and energy-efficient protocols for green wireless communication systems. This study discusses various architectural strategies such as energy-efficient base stations, heterogeneous and ultra-dense networks, cloud radio access networks, adaptive networks, renewable energy and their role enables wireless networks to modify their behavior according to the nature of the data and availability of resources. Further, the paper discusses the role of sustainable wireless protocols in all layers of wireless communication, where techniques like power control, duty cycle, energy-efficient routing and transport protocols are playing a significant role in removing the unnecessary communication and utilizing resources efficiently. It also discusses enabling technologies that can be utilized in energy-efficient network operation including energy harvesting, cognitive radio, artificial intelligence, edge computing and network virtualization. Moreover, some of the major challenges in energy-efficient wireless communication including decisions, complexity, security, cost, and regulatory issues, are addressed. This study provides an sustainable wireless communication can be achieved based on recent developments and existing research gaps in wireless communication particularly in future 5G and 6G networks.

Summary form only given. Emerging demands for high data rate multimedia based services and high spectral efficiency are the key drives for the continued technology evolution in wireless communications. Recently, several advancements have been introduced for 3G wireless communication systems to further enhance the data rate and the system performance. However, due to the proliferation of wireless multimedia applications and services such as video teleconferencing, network gaming, and high-quality audio/video streaming, it is apparent that 3G wireless systems will be unable to comply with this ever increasing demand for broadband wireless services. The next generation wireless communication systems (namely, fourth generation (4G) or beyond 3G (B3G) systems) are expected to support much higher data rate services compared to evolving 3G systems (up to 100 Mbit/s in outdoor environments and up to 1 Gbit/s in indoor environments). The major technical challenges will be achieving high spectral efficiency and handling high frequency-selectivity due to the use of large bandwidth. Hence, it has become crucial to incorporate the recent technical advances in the physical layer into the future wireless systems. In this keynote speech, an overview of leading technological advances and future trends in the physical layer that enable truly ubiquitous broadband wireless capabilities will be presented. The topics include multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technologies, adaptive modulation, cooperative diversity, multicarrier CDMA, ultra wideband (UWB) transmission, and cognitive radio.

The huge demand and growth of high-speed mobile data applications drive the development of the next generation wireless systems. The emerging 3G cellular networks provide new wireless access technologies for high-speed downlink packet access. The variable nature of wireless channel quality brings up challenges and opportunities for wireless system design. By utilizing channel state information, the next generation wireless packet systems provide high data rate communications with adaptive modulation and coding. To provide quality of service (QoS) in such systems is an important engineering issue. In this paper, we propose a novel scheduling algorithm that supports assured QoS. Due to the unpredictability and volatility of wireless medium, wireless QoS design tends to focus on soft QoS guarantee instead of hard one. The proposed scheme can effectively guarantee soft rate reservation and provide high-speed connections with channel-aware radio resource allocation without compromising fairness.

In this paper, we propose mathematical models to evaluate the performances of the interference remediation technique eICIC/ABS (enhanced Inter- Cell Interference Coordination / Almost Blank Sub-frame) in the context of Heterogeneous Cloud based Radio Access Networks (H-CRAN) architecture and 5G networks. The objective is to propose a dynamic resource management tool to ease decisions on the activation/deactivation of micro cells as well as for the distributions of sub-frames among macro and micro cells. First, we propose a Markov chain based model that fits the behavior of the considered scheme and allows the analysis of the cell throughput according to traffic load, radio conditions and the distribution of available resources among macro and micro cells. Then, we propose an approximation model with a closed form formula. The two models are validated and evaluated in terms of accuracy and computation time. Numerical results are compared to Matlab simulations reproducing realistic radio conditions. Results show that both models are accurate, while the closed form approximation is less complex and provides faster results.

In the past as well as present wireless communication systems, the wireless propagation environment is regarded as an uncontrollable black box that impairs the received signal quality, and its negative impacts are compensated for by relying on the design of various sophisticated transmission/reception schemes. However, the improvements through applying such schemes operating only at two endpoints (i.e., transmitter and receiver) are limited even after five generations of wireless systems. Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) or intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) have emerged as a new and promising technology that can configure the wireless environment in a favorable manner by properly tuning the phase shifts of a large number of quasi passive and low-cost reflecting elements, thus standing out as a promising candidate technology for the next/sixth-generation (6G) wireless system. However, to reap the performance benefits promised by RIS/IRS, efficient signal processing techniques are crucial, for a variety of purposes such as channel estimation, transmission design, radio localization, and so on. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances on RIS/IRS-aided wireless systems from the signal processing perspective.We also highlight promising research directions that are worthy of investigation in the future.

The telecommunication industry has changed the way we communicate, work and socialize in a remarkable way since its inception. This change is continuous as new services and applications are being developed and deployed worldwide. In order to confront the requirements of new services, there are still many technical challenges. These include enhanced capacity, high data rate, low latency, spectral and energy efficiency. Therefore, researchers target on 5G wireless communication systems that are scheduled to be rolled out by the year 2020. In this paper, we give an overview of the 5G wireless standard and expected performance characteristics. Promising technologies including Millimeter Wave Technology, Massive MIMO, green Communication, and Cognitive Radio Networks are identified to support the requirements of 5G. Finally, we present numerical results on the path loss characteristics utilizing the SUI model for microwave band and modified SUI model for the mm-wave band.

Visible light communications (VLC) are gaining an important role in 6G network deployment scenarios. Although 6G networks are planned to deliver incredibly high throughput and fulfill new applications, present frequency bands may be insufficient. Furthermore, 6G will provide improved coverage by merging terrestrial networks with underwater, air, and space networks. So VLC is used instead of the standard wireless communications which is incapable of providing such high-data rates for the non-terrestrial networks. VLC is a power-efficient and safe wireless communication system that operates in the visible light spectrum. In addition, VLC overcomes RF communication bandwidth limitations. In this paper, the overall aggregated throughput, data rate, power, and spectrum-efficiency in VLC systems will be improved by promoting a novel unipolar system titled improved aggregated rate for optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (IARO-OFDM). Moreover, introducing the precoding peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reduction technique to get a power efficient system and enhance the VLC system performance. Also, the authors provide a mathematical description and evaluation for the proposed IARO-OFDM system, in addition to comparing the proposed one with other current approaches which demonstrate that IARO-OFDM has a high data rate ratio (43.75%) with an acceptable system bit error rate system performance compared to other existing schemes.

We propose a novel and cost-effective approach for the deployment of third generation (3G) wireless systems over hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) CATV networks. The main goal is to facilitate 3G deployment over the existing CATV plant and reduce the large cost required for building a dedicated last mile infrastructure for 3G access networks. Our proposal reduces the last mile cost by sharing the existing CATV network and using the standard equipment and protocols of data-over-cable systems interface specifications (DOCSIS). This allows rapid deployment of 3G wireless systems, facilitates convergence of wireless and wireline networks and paves the way towards all IP wireless networks. Enhancements to the DOCSIS medium access control (MAC) protocol must be implemented in order to support Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees for 3G data and signaling traffic. This paper presents the proposed 3G over CATV network architecture and DOCSIS medium access control (MAC) enhancements for enabling the support of QoS guarantees for 3G data and signaling traffic. The proposed MAC enhancements can reduce the access delay for delay-sensitive traffic by 30 to 40% over existing DOCSIS MAC without compromising QoS guarantees for other traffic classes, or the DOCSIS channel utilization. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The fifth-generation (5G) mobile network is the next paradigm shift in the revolutionary era of the wireless communication technologies that will break the backward compatibility of today’s communication systems. Visible Light Communication (VLC) and Light Fidelity (LiFi) technologies are among the potential candidates that are expected to be utilized in the future 5G networks due to their indoor energy-efficient communications. Realized by Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), VLC and LiFi possesses a number of prominent features to meet the highly demanding requirements of ultrahigh-speed, massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) device connectivity, ultra-low-latency, ultra-high reliable and low energy consumption for 5G networks. This paper provides an overview contributions of VLC and LiFi towards 5G networks. Furthermore, we explain how VLC and LiFi can successfully provide effective solutions for the emerging 5G networks.

Visible light communication technology is a wireless optical communication technology based on LED lighting. [1] Making use of the high speed response characteristic of LED, visible light communication technology can realize the dual functions of lighting and communication. As a new way of data access and a supplement to radio frequency communication, visible light communication has been widely concerned. This paper is based on the development of application-oriented visible light communication system based on intelligent terminal, in order to accelerate the practical process of visible light communication. By changing the traditional visible light receiving scheme and using smart phone as the receiving device of the visible light system, a visible light communication system based on intelligent terminal is built [2]. Through the research on the existing receiving algorithm, a new receiving algorithm is proposed to improve the adaptability and BER performance of the system.

In this paper the model of propagation losses is proposed. It is based on the measurement of the received power as a function of distance and antenna height. The pattern of propagation losses is determined by Linear Regression using a two-dimensional one degree polynomial model. Additional statistical analysis of measured data was used to separate them into two cases of propagation - NLOS and LOS - in an urban environment. This approach is useful because it does not limit the measurement route and the accuracy of the model can be increased if the measurements are done only in the area where the wireless system will operate. The application of the proposed model in the calculation of the coverage radius through the radio communication budget is presented. The discussed models can be used in the design of the coverage of mobile wireless communication systems implementing Zigbee, IoT and other technologies.

The convergence of high data rate multimedia services such as speech, audio, video, image and data will be the main features of future wireless systems. Multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) is one of the powerful techniques to meet the requirements of next generation broadband and wireless mobile communication systems. MC-CDMA system allows many users to get the benefit of both orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique and code division multiple access scheme (CDMA). It offers high spectral efficiency, high data rate, low transmit power, lower implementation complexity, large system capacity and narrowband interference rejection capability. Multicarrier systems are very sensitive to carrier frequency offset (CFO) caused by Doppler shifts and imperfections of transmitter and receiver oscillators, which leads to loss of orthogonality among the subcarriers resulting in intercarrier interference (ICI). In this paper, a low complexity receiver phase rotated conjugate cancellation (RPRCC) algorithm using an iterative maximum likelihood (ML) based CFO estimation is proposed. The proposed method reduces the ICI which in turn reduces the multiple access interference (MAI) and subsequently increases the system capacity. Simulation results show that the RPRCC method provides better carrier to interference ratio (CIR) and bit error rate (BER) performance compared to transmitter phase rotated conjugate cancellation (PRCC) technique and conventional conjugate cancellation (CC) scheme.