917 パチンコ台の歴史からみた技術と社会の連関 : 第4報,「電気白働球遊機」の登場とギャンブル性(機械技術と社会)

Can we build on, or must we replace, the theories and models in health education?

The paper aimed to the degree of digital leadership practice among public school principals in the Minors Education Directorate from the principals' point of view. The study sample consisted of (64) principals, and to collect data, a questionnaire was developed to identify the degree of digital leadership practice among public school principals in the Minors Education Directorate from the principals' point of view. Its validity and reliability were confirmed, and the study concluded: A decrease in the effect of the degree of digital leadership practice among government school principals in the Minor Education Directorate from the principals' point of view. In the area of excellence in professional practice, a culture of learning In the digital age and an intermediate degree for the dimension of visionary leadership. The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences at the significance level (α = 0.05) the degree of digital leadership practice among government school principals in the Minor Education Directorate from the principals' point of view, according to gender, educational qualification. Keywords: digital leadership, education directorate DOI: 10.7176/JEP/13-16-04 Publication date: June 30 th 2022

Building roofs are responsible for the huge heat gain in buildings. In the present work, an analysis of the influence of insulation location inside a flat roof exposed directly to the sun's radiation was performed to reduce heat gain in buildings. The unsteady thermal response parameters of the building roof such as admittance, transmittance, decrement factor, and time lags have been investigated by solving a one-dimensional diffusion equation under convective periodic boundary conditions. Theoretical results of four types of walls were compared with the experimental results available in literature. The results reveal that the roof with insulation placed at the outer side and at the center plane of the roof is the most energy efficient from the lower decrement factor point of view and the roof with insulation placed at the center plane and the inner side of the roof is the best from the highest time lag point of view among the seven studied configurations. The composite roof with expanded polystyrene insulation located at the outer side and at the center plane of the roof is found to be the best roof from the lowest decrement factor (0.130) point of view, and the composite roof with resin-bonded mineral wool insulation located at the center plane and at the inner side of the roof is found to be energy efficient from the highest time lag point (9.33h) of view among the seven configurations with five different insulation materials studied. The optimum fabric energy storage thicknesses of reinforced cement concrete, expanded polystyrene, foam glass, rock wool, rice husk, resin-bonded mineral wool, and cement plaster were computed. From the results, it is concluded that rock wool has the least optimum fabric energy storage thickness (0.114m) among the seven studied building roof materials.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop an approach to measure and to evaluate product descriptors which have a high relevance from customers’ point of view. When developing new goods, i.e. products and services, decision makers have to include consumer evaluations within their decision-making process. These evaluations should analyze the product descriptors, which are really relevant from the customers’ point of view and which can be totally different from simple physical or technical attributes in the case of material goods. Besides these several types of product characteristics, the evaluations should consider external influencing factors like the involvement. Design/methodology/approach In this investigation, an empirical data set resulting from a complex technical product-related survey is used. The products analyzed are smartphones and can be seen as representative examples with both objective physical features and subjective design-related attributes. The data collection and analysis will focus on subjective attributes, identifying factors and separating customer segments, e.g. using cluster analysis. Additionally, the existence of influence factors such as the involvement of the customers will be tested. Findings The results show relevant differences from the customers’ point of view with regard to product descriptors which are different for every customer and hard to describe. The investigation leads to five different respondent groups. Additionally, other external (customer behavior-related) influence factors – especially the involvement – can be identified as relevant. The analyses point out that there is a need to analyze the customers on an individual level and to consider influencing factors. Originality/value The investigation illustrates consequences of the usage of customer individual subjective elements as product descriptors which are relevant from the customers’ viewpoint. The resulting insights are new for researchers from a theoretical and from a practical point of view. The results verify, among others, the needs to analyze the customers on an individual level and to consider external (customer behavior-related) influence factors.

This chapter comprises an introduction to one of the most intensively researched areas of stylistic enquiry, that of narratorial point of view and its interaction with the linguistic system of modality. Just as in everyday speech we typically use the phrase ‘point of view’ to refer to a particular person’s perspective of an action or event, this fi gurative understanding of the phrase underlies the use of the term in stylistics, as it does in literary, linguistic, art and fi lm theory. However, theories of point of view in narrative are many and varied, with the high levels of research conducted generating a correspondingly high number of differing and often competing defi nitions which have complicated its discussion somewhat (see Wales 2011, p. 326). As such, this chapter commences with an introduction to and a simultaneous consolidation of existing theories of point of view which allow us to arrive at a workable defi nition of the term that can act as a basis for consideration of the relationship between point of view and modality. The initial survey will be based upon the three ‘bands’ of research into point of view as helpfully identifi ed by Simpson (1993). The last of Simpson’s research ‘bands’ – which includes the seminal work of Uspensky (1973) and Fowler’s four-part taxonomy of point of view (1996 [1986]) – provides a useful springboard for consideration of the relationship between point of view and modality. As Simpson (1993) and others demonstrate, the concept of modality can be utilised to systematically identify the linguistic means by which various differing points of view are manifested in narratives. As such, the interactions between point of view and modality will be discussed in detail, and will include an outline of the four modal systems found in English and the provision of illustrative examples which enable the formalisation of a grammar of point of view through placement within a modal frame. Finally, a consideration of future research into narrative point of view will illustrate the growing trend towards expanding its application.

The study aimed to revel to the degree of availability of teaching competences of the basic stage teachers at the capital Amman from the educational supervisors’ point of view. The researcher used the descriptive methodology. To achieve the purpose of the study, the researcher a questionnaire was prepared as a tool of the study . The population of this study consisted of all the eduacaional supervisors in Amman. The sample of the study consisted of (265) educational supervisors. The results of the study showed that the degree of availability of teaching competences of the basic stage teachers from the educational supervisors’ point of view was high degree in the the following damains (general competences and the major competences) and a middle degree for the following three domains which are (social competences, professional developmental competences, and the personal professional developmental competences). The results of the study, also, showed that there are statistically significant differences between the estimates of the study sample individuals, for the experience variable (up to 10 years) at the first and fifth domain (general competences and he personal professional developmental competences). In light of these results, the researcher proposed a number of recommendations which can promote the educational competences of basic stage teachers.

Although characteristics of health-promoting schools are mentioned in the World Health Organization guidelines, different countries need to design more details of indicators for assessing these schools according to their social and cultural context. The aim of this study was to investigate characteristics of health-promoting schools from Iranian adolescent girls' point of view. In this cross-sectional study, 2010 middle school and high school female adolescents were selected from randomly selected schools in Mazandaran province, Iran. They completed a self-completion questionnaire around their views about characteristics of health- promoting schools. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and an independent t-test. It is revealed that from Iranian adolescents' point of view the most important feature of health-promoting schools was the schools with no stressful exams and where notices are kindly given to students for their mistakes. The results suggest that there is a need for more measurable standards of health-promoting schools based on the socio-cultural context of both developing and developed countries.

Objectives: This study aims to identify the extent to which twenty-first century skills are included in the Omani science curricula for grades (5-8) from teachers’ point of view. Methods: A descriptive approach was used, and an online questionnaire was built. The study sample was randomly selected from teachers of the second cycle in the Sultanate of Oman. The size of the sample was (100) male and female teachers. Data were collected and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: The study concludes that the twenty-first century skills were moderately available in science curricula for grades (5-8) from the teachers' point of view. There was a statistically significant difference in the opinions of male and female teachers about the inclusion of twenty-first century skills in science curricula due to the gender. A statistically significant difference was also found in the direction of the differences in favor of females. The one-way analysis of variance also showed differences in opinions due to teaching experience in favor of those with little teaching experience. Conclusions: The study recommends including twenty-first century skills within the objectives of science education. In addition, it is important to represent more of society's needs and the requirements of the labor market in the science curricula and build enrichment activities to develop information technology skills and means of communication among students.

Explaining of the experts' points of view about the types and importance of man-made hazards in Iran’s process industries: A qualitative study

Background: Nursing care is an essential component of health care services. Patients' health and well-being depend on providing quality care. Using the views of patients and their active participation in decision-making has an important role in the quality of services. The aim of this study was to determine the quality of nursing care from patients' point of view in Hamadan educational centers. Methods: This study was a descriptive-analytical study which was performed with the participation of 287 hospitalized patients in 5 teaching hospitals of Hamadan. Data were collected using demographic questionnaires and Quality of Care Questionnaire. One-way ANOVA and Independent t-test were used for data analysis. Results: From the patients' point of view, the quality of nursing care was in the middle class (65.33 ± 13.51). Also, between demographic variables and the quality of nursing care, only age had a significant negative effect on the quality of care (p value = 0.006). Conclusion: Reassessment of nursing care quality standards, especially in relation to the client-centered approach, is necessary to increase the appropriate relationship between patient and nurse and to pay attention to patients' needs in different dimensions.

Translation by Julia Sauma and Martin Holbraad of: Viveiros de Castro, Eduardo (2002) "O Nativo Relativo." Mana, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 113-148

Some aspects of the selection of regenerators

In the last decades, the advancement of knowledge in analgesia and sedation for critically ill pediatric patients has been conspicuous and relevant. Many recommendations have changed to ensure patients' comfort during their intensive care unit (ICU) stay and prevent and treat sedation-related complications, as well as improve functional recovery and clinical outcomes. The key aspects of the analgosedation management in pediatrics have been recently reviewed in two consensus-based documents. However, there remains a lot to be researched and understood. With this narrative review and authors' point of view, we aimed to summarize the new insights presented in these two documents to facilitate their interpretation and application in clinical practice, as well as to outline research priorities in the field. Conclusion:With this narrative review and authors' point of view, we aimedto summarize the new insights presented in these two documents to facilitate their interpretation andapplication in clinical practice, as well as to outline research priorities in the field. What is Known: • Critically ill pediatric patients receiving intensive care required analgesia and sedation to attenuate painful and stressful stimuli. •Optimal management of analgosedation is a challenge often burdened with complications such as tolerance, iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome, delirium, and possible adverse outcomes. What is New: •The new insights on the analgosedation treatment for critically ill pediatric patients delineated in the recent guidelines are summarized to identify strategies for changes in clinical practice. •Research gaps and potential for quality improvement projects are also highlighted.

The article examines marginalisation in small-scale fishing communities in a large lagoon system. It explores what marginalisation looks like from the fishers' point of view, and examines the extreme discrepancy between the official government account of the lagoon's resources, and the fishers' account. We analyse two major drivers of marginalisation: (1) role of aquaculture development in the loss of resource access rights and decline of local institutions, and (2) ecological displacement and livelihood loss brought about by the opening of a new (2001) “sea mouth”. We consider evidence collected through household- and village-level surveys combined with a host of qualitative and quantitative research methods. The fishers' point of view, and the data obtained using this point of view as a guide, presents a more complex, multidimensional concept of marginalisation, not simply as a state of being but as a process over time, impacting social and economic conditions, political standing, and environmental health.

The Constitution of the United States as amended provides that “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” These words are plain. Everybody understands them. They mean, and every one knows that they mean, that, from the constitutional point of view, one question relative to the suffrage is no longer open. That question is the very one about which I am asked to write. From the political point of view, from the historical point of view, from the social point of view, from the economic point of view, and from the ethical point of view, there is much to be said about negro suffrage. For centuries yet to come there may be much to be said. From the constitutional point of view, accurately defined, there has been nothing to say since March 30, 1870. On that day the Secretary of State of the United States proclaimed that the Fifteenth Amendment had been ratified by the legislatures of twenty-nine out of the then thirty-seven States. The apparent assent of a number of these legislatures, perhaps, had not been a real assent. It might have been given under duress. Still, it had been given. The men who assumed to be the legislatures of other of these States may have had little moral and a very doubtful legal right to speak for them.