921地震：醫療服務人員災害韌性之研究∼以中部地區某醫院為例

Huamual District which is located in west peninsula of Seram Island within Ambon Province is one of the under developed areas since its remote location and limited transport facilities from its regency capital and other developed areas. Therefore, the development program for that area needs to be boasted and secured. One of drawback of the economic development growth in Huamual District caused by current frequent flash flood disaster occurrences. Therefore, disaster resilient of both the local government and communities need to be strengthened. The Provincial Disaster Mitigation Agency of Maluku points that Huamual District was the most severe hit area by flash flood in Maluku beside Ambon City areas in 1^(st) August 2012. In order to prepare a program for increasing disaster resilient in that area, investigation of the disaster risk condition along the west coast of Huamual Peninsula within Huamual District has been conducted and reported in this paper. Reference study has been conducted followed by a field survey in the period of July 14^(th) to July 19^(th) 2014. The field survey was conducted on several sub-villages such as Nasiri, Mange-mange, Amaholu Losi, and Hatawano. The activities in the field survey were secondary data collection, interview to Local Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) of West Seram Regency staffs, to sub-village leaders, to local community members, visual observation survey and river bed material sampling. This paper discusses disaster risk aspect found in the areas which consists of hazard, vulnerability, capacity and also mitigation aspect which consists of pre-disaster, disaster response and recovery phases. The results of this study are the following six findings. 1) The flash flood is the main cause of the natural disaster beside landslide. 2) Although the community settled in the prone area, they do not have knowledge about disaster mitigation but now, they are more aware. 3) BPBD in West Seram Regency has no yearly program related to capacity building, standard operating procedure, and disaster mitigation plan due to limited budget on local government budget and limited employee although 2 years of its establishment. 4) There is no community preparedness dealing with any kind of natural disaster except for their experiences in facing the past disaster. 5) The community still relies on their own members when facing any disaster response. 6) In recovering their sub-village condition the community relies on gotong royong spirit an Indonesian indigenous spirit of working together and also on their own resources.

A disaster resilience education and research roadmap for Europe 2030 has been launched. This roadmap represents an important output of the ANDROID disaster resilience network, bringing together existing literature in the field, as well as the results of various analysis and study projects undertaken by project partners.The roadmap sets out five key challenges and opportunities in moving from 2015 to 2030 and aimed at addressing the challenges of the recently announced Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030. This roadmap was developed as part of the ANDROID Disaster Resilience Network, led by Professor Richard Haigh of the Global Disaster Resilience Centre (www.hud.ac.uk/gdrc ) at the School of Art, Design and Architecture at the University of Huddersfield, UK. The ANDROID consortium of applied, human, social and natural scientists, supported by international organisations and a stakeholder board, worked together to map the field in disaster resilience education, pool their results and findings, develop interdisciplinary explanations, develop capacity, move forward innovative education agendas, discuss methods, and inform policy development. Further information on ANDROID Disaster Resilience network is available at: http://www.disaster-resilience.net

The study focuses on assessing the disaster resilience and preparedness of the Banyak Islands, Indonesia, with a specific emphasis on the business community, government officials, and local community. The region is prone to natural disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis, which pose significant threats to the lives and livelihoods of its inhabitants. The primary objectives of this study are to evaluate the disaster resilience and preparedness of the business community, government officials, and local community in the Banyak Islands, and to identify areas for improvement to enhance overall community resilience. The study involves key informant interviews and a survey of business community members, government officials, and local community stakeholders. The data collection process involved a systematic database construction using Microsoft Excel, meticulous data cleaning, and statistical analyses using SPSS 22.0. The study categorizes the business community in the Caution Zone, indicating a moderate level of preparedness. The government officials are placed in the Alert Zone, reflecting a moderate level of preparedness. The local community is also categorized in the Caution Zone, reflecting a moderate level of preparedness. The findings highlight areas for improvement, including increased collaboration and communication within the business community, infrastructure reinforcement, regular emergency drills, resource stockpiling, and community engagement. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers and disaster management authorities in the Banyak Islands. The findings suggest that enhancing collaboration, reinforcing infrastructure, and promoting community engagement are crucial for improving disaster resilience. The study’s recommendations emphasize the importance of fostering a more interconnected and resilient community. In conclusion, the study highlights the need for a holistic approach to disaster resilience, emphasizing the importance of collaboration, communication, and infrastructure reinforcement. The findings provide a foundation for targeted interventions to enhance overall community resilience in the face of natural disasters.

Disaster management has begun to examine the unique role of the private sector in disaster relief. The hotel and lodging industry is an especially critical infrastructure for community disaster relief and resilience, providing many lifeline services in addition to core skills and competencies contributing to the community’s social and human capital. Social and human capital empower the community to better cope with disturbance, and companies’ efforts to build social and human capital are often tied to their corporate social responsibility (CSR) management systems. A framework was developed to evaluate the management system maturity of the hotel and lodging industry’s CSR management for disaster relief and resilience. An analysis of three hotel and lodging corporations was performed to understand the current state of the industry. While many hotel properties are engaging in CSR activities during disaster relief, the analysis revealed that corporate management systems have room for maturation and growth to support the resilience of their community.

This dissertation presents three self-contained essays on topics of development economics in the context of rural villages in Bangladesh. The first paper examines how availability of microfinance influences households’ borrowing from informal sources in village economies. It uses a unique household level panel data set, which spans more than two decades (1987–2008), from rural Bangladesh. We find that households’ access to microfinance reduces the incidence of borrowing from informal sources, but not the amount of borrowing. We find that less poor households benefit more in terms of reducing their reliance on informal borrowing and that the benefit accrues over time. We also find that having access to microfinance increases women’s informal borrowing for small consumption usage, without facilitating access to new business opportunities. In the second paper, we examine the post-disaster recovery process of households in the areas of rural Bangladesh that were affected by cyclone Aila in 2009–2010. Exploiting exogenous variation in households’ exposure to the disaster, we provide empirical evidence of efficient resource sharing within the household’s informal network of neighbours and relatives that assists in the household’s recovery from the natural disaster. We find the household’s own exposure to the disaster to have no significant effect on its investment and income, but we do find the exposure of the household’s network to have a significant effect on household investment and income two and a half years after the cyclone. We find that informal resource sharing within the household’s network crowded out the household’s need to take out formal insurance against disasters. Using experimental data on risk-taking and risk-sharing behaviours, we also find evidence that the household’s attitude to risk was not affected by the household’s, or its network’s, exposure to the disaster. Thus, the effect of the network’s exposure to disaster on the household income and investment can be attributed solely to the sharing of resources within the informal network. The third paper was motivated by previous studies in microfinance literature that suggested offering microcredit to women to empower them may be ineffective, as women borrowers hand over the control of loans to their husbands. We thus conduct a lab-in-the-field experiment to examine whether gender bias exists in intra-household decision making in rural Bangladesh. The experiment mimics a real-life scenario in which microcredit was offered to either the wife or the husband in a household and the borrower could decide whether to make his/her own investment choice or to transfer the decision making to his/her spouse. We find that women are more likely to let their spouses make decisions than their male counterparts. Different treatments in the experiment also allow us to test and quantify the underlying causes of the bias. Our findings suggest that women’s decision to transfer the decision making is driven both by their lower decision-making power and their belief that their spouses are more capable of making financial decisions. We also examine subjects’ control over the use of earnings from the investment and find no evidence for the positive impact of offering credit to women on their control over household expenditures.

Survivors of the 921 Earthquake in the Tung Shih areas were the target population for this study. The researchers used purposive sampling strategies to select information-rich participants for study in depth. A total of 15 interviewees and 8 focus group members participated in this study. Qualitative data analysis software, ATLAS.ti 5.5, was used for cross-case and content analyses. The results indicate that acceptance, preparedness, self-reliance, spirituality, Hakka spirit, resource availability, social support networks, and serving others have positive impacts on disaster resilience. Participants from the in-depth interviews group affirm the importance of government involvement. Participants from the focus group pay special attentions on re-establishing social support networks. Furthermore, they reinforce the importance of understanding culture and meanings for the local people.

Since the adoption of the Hyogo Framework for Action in 2005 ‘Building the resilience of nations and communities to disasters’, the concept of disaster resilience has attracted substantial attention among researchers and practitioners. Although recent disaster literature refers to resilience as a managerial principle of an effective disaster risk management, there are still critical challenges in making resilience operational and adopting it in planning and decision making. Currently available resilience measurement frameworks are mostly focused on large spatial scales such as sub- national/regional levels and do not meet the local needs of designers and planners, while communities are the focus of mitigation and recovery planning, with unique local socio-economic and physical characteristics, and inherent adaptation potential. More specifically, urban form characteristics are assumed by several studies to contribute to the disaster resilience of communities. However, such an assumption has not been examined empirically and urban form factors are mostly under-represented in the resilience models. In addition, sensitivity, reliability and validity of the resilience models have not been addressed comprehensively, and when it comes to the Australian context, resilience models have not been validated at all. The purpose of this dissertation is to address the above gaps through (1) development of a Neighbourhood Disaster Resilience Index (NDRI) with emphasise on resilience attributes within community elements; and (2) validation of the proposed index (NDRI) by assessing the extent to which it contributes to real-world recovery outcomes and pathways following the 2011 floods in the Brisbane and Ipswich neighbourhoods, using readily available longitudinal reconstruction data.

In recent years, the convergence of internet of things (IoT) technologies has emerged as a pivotal force in revolutionizing the landscape of natural disaster management. This chapter explores the diverse array of IoT devices designed to monitor, detect, and respond to various natural disasters, providing a comprehensive overview of their applications and impact on disaster resilience. The chapter delves into the role of weather stations equipped with advanced sensors, capable of collecting real-time meteorological data such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and atmospheric pressure. These stations contribute significantly to early detection and improved forecasting of weather anomalies, offering a crucial advantage in disaster preparedness.

Religious beliefs have received relatively little attention in research on coping with cancer. In this study, the relationship of religious beliefs and perceived social support with adjustment to cancer was studied in a coping model that included self-efficacy for coping as a mediator. Of particular interest was the relationship between religious beliefs and social support. Data were collected from 164 in-treatment cancer patients. They completed measures of religious beliefs, social support, physical functioning, self-efficacy for coping, and adjustment. A model comparison approach was used to assess the fit of models that included or excluded the contribution of religious beliefs while testing the relationship between religious beliefs and social support. Religious beliefs were more strongly connected to perceived social support than with other constructs. Importantly, a coping model that included religious beliefs fit the data significantly better than a model without paths related to religious beliefs. Self-efficacy partially mediated the relation of age, physical functioning, and perceived support to adjustment, but not religious beliefs. Religious beliefs may not directly affect self-efficacy and adjustment; however, cancer patients who have religious beliefs may experience an enhanced sense of social support from a community with whom they share those beliefs.

Philosophically, sources potencial disaster accur from the natural activities of hydrological cyclus and vulcanical / tectonical (such as flood, earthquake, landslide, tsunami, vulcano eruption and so on) and human activities. Interaction in between natural and human will cause the magnitude of the disaster in various effects. How will the human and stake holder respond and prepare for the impacts of the disaster depend on the humans themself. Emergency operation and disaster relief action would be largerly concerned with the planning phase of disaster preparedness and should be done by all the stake holder and also necessary to be back up by legislative at national, regional and local levels to enable such planning to proceed, the warning communication, preparation for disaster fighting and for evacuation of people from danger areas. This writes is concerned with emergency phase when preparedness plans are brought into action. There are two main particular components, which are: 1. Emergency Operation involving the whole organization for disaster preparedness with all stake holder concerns and 2. Disaster Relief covering the action to be taken in order to bring relief to stricken areas. It is convinient to consider these two components separately although they are in fact highly independent. Both components will be described in their own settings represent the fullfilment of planning in the aim of sustainable achivement . . Key Word : emergency operation and disaster relief, stake holder respond and preparedness.

Background: Pacific Islanders (PIs) experience high cancer health disparities, including later stage of cervical cancer diagnosis due in large part to more than 10% lower Pap screening rates compared to non-Hispanic Whites. The aim of this community-based participatory research (CBPR) randomized control intervention is to increase rates of Pap testing among PI women residing in Southern California. Baseline data examined whether a Multi-Attribute Utility (MAU) model (a descriptive behavioral decision-making model) and women's perceived receipt of social support from their husband/partner significantly predicted Pap testing within the past three years. We also examined whether social support mediated the relationship between utility and Pap testing. Procedures: PI couples were recruited from Samoan, Tongan, and Chamorro churches and cultural social networks, and were randomly assigned to one of two educational interventions regarding cervical cancer screening. Participating women had to be between 21 and 65 years old and married or in a long-term relationship. A baseline questionnaire assessed women's MAU decision-making parameters (subjective value, subjective likelihood, and momentary salience) for eight anticipated consequences of getting a Pap test. Items also assessed female participants' perceived social support (appraisal, emotional, instrumental, and informational) from their husband/partner, and Pap testing behaviors. Results: Only half of the participants (49.9%) had received a Pap test within the past three years. A logistic regression model indicated that the total MAU score (which is the sum of the products of perceived subjective value, perceived subjective likelihood, and momentary salience across the eight parameters) was associated with higher rates of Pap testing (AOR= 1.10, p< 0.01). Four additional logistic regression models were run, one for each of the four different social support subscales. Appraisal support (AOR= 1.21, p= 0.000), emotional support (AOR= 1.25, p= 0.000), informational support (AOR= 1.13, p< 0.000), and instrumental support (AOR= 1.19, p= 0.000) were all associated with higher rates of Pap testing. Next, four mediational models were run, one for each of the four social support subscales, with instrumental support significantly mediating the relationship between MAU total scores and Pap testing. Specifically, the mediational model indicated MAU total scores had both a direct relationship with increased Pap testing, as well as an indirect relationship with increased Pap testing through its relationship with increased instrumental support. Conclusions: Results indicate that PI women's Pap testing follows a personal decision, with husband/partner's instrumental support enhancing the decision to receive a Pap test. Provision of such social support is the basis for the present intervention that educates men about the importance of expressing their concern for, and intention to assist with, regular Pap testing among PI women. Citation Format: Sora Park Tanjasiri, Jie Wu Weiss, Michele Mouttapa, Lola Sablan Santos, Jasmine Lacsamana DeGuzman, Vanessa Tuione May, Lourdes Quitugua, Dorothy Vaivao. Role of social support in Pap test decision making among Pacific Islander women. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; Dec 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B67. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.DISP13-B67

Background: Nepal is highly susceptible to various types of natural disasters, with approximately 90% of its population at risk of experiencing multiple hazards. The country ranks 30th in terms of flood risk, with hilly regions prone to landslides and lowland plains frequently affected by floods. Each year, disasters such as floods, landslides, fires, heat waves, cold waves, and epidemics cause significant loss of lives and livelihood assets. Given the critical role of gender in disaster vulnerability, it is essential to analyze gender-specific perspectives on disaster risk and resilience. Objective: The study aims to explore gender roles and their associated vulnerabilities in disaster events. By examining the perceptions of males and females regarding different disaster-related variables, the research seeks to provide insights into gender-based differences in disaster preparedness, response, and resilience-building efforts. Methods: A quantitative study was conducted in Sarawal Rural Municipality of Nawalparasi West, Nepal. A total of 428 respondents were selected through random sampling, comprising 311 males and 117 females. The study employed six major disaster variables as defined by the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) to analyze gender perspectives critically. Statistical methods were used to assess the association between gender and disaster perception. Findings: The study revealed a significant association between gender and disaster perceptions. Males and females demonstrated differing views on disaster risks, preparedness, and coping mechanisms. Understanding these gender-specific differences can help determine levels of vulnerability, identify associated risks, and enhance the coping capacities of different groups. Conclusion: The findings emphasize the need to incorporate gender perspectives into disaster-related research and resilience-building initiatives. Addressing gender-based vulnerabilities can lead to more effective disaster preparedness and response strategies, ultimately improving community resilience. Novelty: This study provides empirical evidence on the gendered dimensions of disaster perception in Nepal, highlighting the importance of integrating gender considerations into disaster risk management. By focusing on a rural municipality, the research offers localized insights that can inform policy and program development for gender-inclusive disaster resilience planning.

This research, conducted in Angeles City, Philippines, delves into the state of disaster and emergency preparedness among households. Employing a descriptive survey methodology, the study draws from influential scholars in the field to inform its approach. Focused on households with at least one member aged 18 or older, the study employs a well-structured questionnaire, combining multiple-choice and open-ended questions, to collect data on disaster risk awareness, hazard exposure, knowledge levels, and community-government relationships. The findings reveal a varied landscape of household preparedness within Angeles City. While most households enjoy basic amenities and reasonable living standards, disparities in preparedness levels exist. Participants exhibit a strong awareness of and concern for natural disasters but express the need for enhanced education and information sharing. A significant finding is the role of community engagement in effective disaster response and recovery. Moderate community involvement is associated with better access to government resources and programs, presenting opportunities for strategic investments to boost engagement. Additionally, the study uncovers a moderate positive correlation between household characteristics and preparedness levels, emphasizing the need for tailored policies for diverse demographic groups. The study recommends enhancing public education, information sharing, and crisis management skills within the community and advocates for fostering collaboration, trust, and confidence among residents to encourage active participation in disaster preparedness initiatives. It emphasizes the necessity of targeted policies aligned with household characteristics and community involvement. The methodology used provides valuable insights for understanding and improving disaster preparedness in Angeles City and highlights the need for ongoing research and intervention to enhance overall resilience. KEYWORDS: Disaster Management, Disaster Resiliency, Household in Angeles City

The purpose of this study is to reveal the impacts of the relationship between the social support given to disaster victims and their resilience to the disaster. Social support was subdivided into emotional, appraisal, information, and instrumental support. The effects of each support on the resilience of the victims who experienced the disaster were analyzed using Hierarchical regression. The analysis results of this study are as follows: First, analysis of all of the disaster victims showed that emotional support, appraisal support, and instrumental support had a positive impact on their resilience to disaster. Second, analysis of the victims who experienced large-scale damage caused by the disaster revealed that emotional support was the only type that influenced their disaster resilience. Third, analysis of victims who experienced minor damage from disasters revealed that social support did not have a significant impact on their resilience.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship among spiritual and religious beliefs and practices, social support, and diabetes self-care activities in African Americans with type 2 diabetes, hypothesizing that there would be a positive association. This cohort study used a cross-sectional design that focused on baseline data from a larger randomized control trial. Diabetes self-care activities (summary of diabetes self-care activities) and sociodemographic characteristics were assessed, in addition to spiritual and religious beliefs and practices and social support based on the systems of belief inventory subscales I (beliefs and practices) and II (social support). There were 132 participants: most were women, middle-aged, obese, single, high school educated, and not employed. Based on Pearson correlation matrices, there were significant relationships between spiritual and religious beliefs and practices and general diet. Additional significant relationships were found for social support with general diet, specific diet, and foot care. Based on multiple linear regression, social support was a significant predictor for general diet, specific diet, and foot care. Sex was a significant predictor for specific diet, and income was a significant predictor for blood glucose testing. The findings of this study highlight the importance of spiritual and religious beliefs and practices and social support in diabetes self-care activities. Future research should focus on determining how providers integrate patients' beliefs and practices and social support into clinical practice and include those in behavior change interventions.