A Cache Privacy Protection Strategy Based on Content Privacy and User Security Classification in CCN

Content Centric Networking (CCN) is an emerging next-generation network infrastructure around content dissemination and retrieval, shifting from physical locations to named data. The built-in caching capacity of CCN, termed as in-network caching, promises to enable fast and effective content distribution at a global scale. Because of the in-network caching, the caching strategy of content location potentially affects how to make content searching decisions, while content searching in return decides in which routers content are stored. The relationship between content caching location and content searching has not been fully exploited in CCN or further used for the whole network performance improvement. This paper exploits the content caching location and content searching mechanism of CCN, and proposes a Popularity-driven content Caching Location and Searching scheme (P-CLS) in CCN. P-CLS leverages content access popularity to realize diverse content distribution and reduce content caching redundancy, which also overcomes the oscillation and frequent replacement phenomenon in the existing content caching and searching (CLS) scheme. Extensive simulations via hierarchical and arbitrary caching topologies show that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing caching algorithms.

Content Centric Networking (CCN) is a new architecture for a future Internet. CCN is a clean-state architecture that targets the distribution of content. As such, content is located at the heart of the architecture and CCN includes two main features: communication led by names and caches everywhere. Nevertheless, CCN has been criticized due to the economical cost of replacing every IP router with a CCN router. As such, we assume that CCN will be used for small content delivery networks –Micro CDNs– located in the ISP facilities: it has already been shown that with only 100MB of caches in the ISP facilities, the ISP traffic to the Internet can be reduced by 25%. As a matter of fact, if CCN is deployed as a Micro CDN, gateways must exist to interconnect the CDN network with the Internet. In this paper, we study the advantages of using multiple gateways against a single gateway and its impact on the caching features. Our results show that multiple gateways are beneficial not only because they improve the performance of caches but also because the load of the network get distributed across several nodes.

With the increasing flooding of multimedia information traffic, it is clearly that the content is bound to play a more and more significant role in the future multimedia Internet. Content Centric Networking(CCN), as a typical content-oriented architecture, is designed for efficient content delivery. Therefore, CCN mechanism is extremely appropriate for the explosive content items and well suited to the multimedia Internet. However, future multimedia Internet should not only focus on the diverse content items, but also provide personalized services to meet users' specific demands. In this paper, we propose a user-aware adaptive transmission scheme(UAAT) for content centric multimedia internet, which can allocate appropriate bandwidth and select the best forwarding interface dynamically for requests by differentiating varieties of user's level. We evaluate the UAAT scheme using ndnSIM and the results indicate that the proposed scheme can utilize available bandwidth effectively and work well on level-based priority service.

Most network applications nowadays are related to the distribution of contents from a source to a number of users. Several developments such as CDN and P2P networking have been used to provide access to contents at the network edges. However, they have no ability to leverage caching at the network level and still rely on a host-based communication model. Recently, Content Centric Networking (CCN) has been emerged as a new networking paradigm. In CCN, the communication focuses on the named content instead of the IP address. This paper provides a framework for enabling video streaming over CCN. We performed experiments using CCNx on the PlanetLab to explore the effects of an overlay delivery path and a chunk size to the streaming quality. Furthermore, we study the deployment of MPEG-DASH to achieve adaptive bit-rate streaming over CCN, which reveals additional challenge.

An instance of information-centric networking (ICN) is Content-Centric Networking (CCN) which represents the upcoming generation of the Internet paradigm. CCN concentrates on content distribution by allowing it to become routable and addressable directly. Its fundamental objectives are to enhance the conventional network operations by allowing the network equipments to perform routing decisions depending on the content’s name instead of host address. Unlike IPv4/6, the CCN names are hierarchically structured and have long, changeable, and unlimited lengths, which makes the quick name lookup an issue that needs to be addressed. Despite the considerable preferences of CCN architecture, hardware challenges, including Forwarding Information Base (FIB) are remain existing in the implementation of CCN. Fast memory lookup and adequate storage requirements represent the most important issues within these challenges. This paper presents an up-to-date survey of FIB design techniques in content-centric networks. Its main purpose is to classify comprehensive FIB designing and implementation techniques in an abridged style. Then presenting their pros and cons and identifying the requisite necessities for preferable FIB enhancement in terms of scalability.KeywordsContent-centric networkingForwarding information baseInterest packetData packet

Content Centric Networking (CCN), a future Internet architecture, brings new challenges in maintaining the Quality of Experience (QoE) for video streaming. Because of the universal caching capability of CCN routers, streaming from multiple sources will be common, and switching between content sources might affect QoE by inducing delays and consequently stalls in video playback. This paper proposes a new QoE-aware multi-source video streaming scheme for CCN. First, the content distributions of video files among CCN nodes for different caching methods are studied. Second, an adaptive video streaming with distributed caching (ASDC) algorithm is designed to guarantee QoE during the switching between content sources. The ASDC algorithm considers the delivery of scalable video streams. It automatically adapts the layers in a video stream when there is source switching, based on a QoE model that characterizes the effect of stalling. Experimental results show that the ASDC algorithm outperforms dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) in the CCN platform in terms of the QoE obtained from human subjective tests.

The Content Centric Networking (CCN) architectural framework is designed with the central abstraction of content distribution rather than host-to-host connectivity. CCN has several advantages such as inherent router caching, lower content retrieval time and network load reduction. However, it also faces various challenges such as scalability, deployment and storage issues. In particular, the routing state information that needs to be maintained in the CCN routers leads to very high memory requirements that might not be met using current technologies. If the routing state information stored in the routers is reduced, it leads to flooding of interest packets increasing congestion in the network. The objective of this paper is to propose techniques that avoid congestion due to interest flooding in CCN while having low router memory requirements. We have proposed three different algorithms to address this problem and present their performance using discrete-event simulation models.

Information-Centric Networking (ICN) is a prominent topic in current networking research. ICN design significantly considers the increased demand of scalable and efficient content distribution for Future Internet. However, intermittently connected mobile environments or disruptive networks present a significant challenge to ICN deployment. In this context, delay tolerant networking (DTN) architecture is an initiative that effectively deals with network disruptions. Among all ICN proposals, Content Centric Networking (CCN) is gaining more and more interest for its architectural design, but still has the limitation in highly disruptive environment. In this paper, we design a protocol stack referred as CCNDTN which integrates DTN architecture in the native CCN to deal with network disruption. We also present the implementation details of the proposed CCNDTN. We extend CCN routing strategies by integrating Bundle protocol of DTN architecture. The integration of CCN and DTN enriches the connectivity options of CCN architecture in fragmented networks. Furthermore, CCNDTN can be beneficial through the simultaneous use of all available connectivities and opportunistic networking of DTN for the dissemination of larger data items. This paper also highlights the potential use cases of CCNDTN architecture and crucial questions about integrating CCN and DTN.

The human element is often found to be the weakest link in the information security chain. The Personal Information Security Assistant project aims to address this by improving the privacy and security awareness of end-users and by aligning the user's personal IT environment to the user's security requirements. It does this by elicitation of a user's privacy and security requirements (risk appetite) as well as a user's risk perception. The PISA then takes action by aligning the user's requirements and perceptions, thereby improving user awareness regarding privacy and security. This article outlines the research questions, methodology and current results associated with the PISA project.

Content-centric network (CCN) is a new Internet architecture in which content is treated as the primitive of communication. In CCN, routers are equipped with content stores at the content level, which act as caches for frequently requested content. Based on this design, the Internet is available to provide content distribution services without any application-layer support. In addition, as caches are integrated into routers, the overall performance of CCN will be deeply affected by the caching efficiency. In this paper, our aim is to gain some insights on how caches should be designed to maintain a high performance in a cost-efficient way. We try to model the two-layer cache hierarchy composed of CCN routers using a two-dimensional discrete-time Markov chain, and develop an efficient algorithm to calculate the hit ratios of these caches. Simulations validate the accuracy of our modeling method, and convey some meaningful information which can help us better understand the caching mechanism of CCN.

Content-Centric Network (CCN) provides a cleanslate design for the Internet, where content becomes the primitive of communications. In CCN, routers are equipped with content stores, which act as caches for frequently requested content. This design enables the Internet to provide content distribution services without any application-layer support. On the other hand, as caches are integrated into routers, the overall performance of CCN will be influenced by the caching efficiency. This paper studies the performance issues of caches in CCN, with the aim to gain some understanding on how caches should be designed to maintain a high performance in a cost-efficient way. Specifically, we use a two-dimensional discrete-time Markov chain to model the two-layer cache hierarchy formed by CCN routers, and develop an efficient algorithm to calculate the hit ratios of these caches. Simulations validate the accuracy of our modeling method, and convey some understanding on cache design in CCN.

My talk is about secure systems, one particular secure processor, and the relationship between secure processor and privacy protection. We have implemented a secure processor with features consistent with an open operating system and with software protection, where software protection means protection against reverse engineering, I think all kinds of reverse engineering. The second topic is the relationship of secure processor and privacy: I introduce the remote processing model of software protection, and examine the relationship between software protection and the security sandbox which protects user privacy. Finally I will introduce some examples of software protection for law enforcement between anonymous users.

Content-Centric Networking (CCN) is a communication paradigm that emphasizes content distribution. Named-Data Networking (NDN) is an instantiation of CCN, a candidate Future Internet Architecture. NDN supports human-readable content naming and router-based content caching which lends itself to efficient, secure, and scalable content distribution. Because of NDN's fundamental requirement that each content object must be signed by its producer, fragmentation has been considered incompatible with NDN since it precludes authentication of individual content fragments by routers. The alternative is to perform hop-by-hop reassembly, which incurs prohibitive delays. In this paper, we show that secure and efficient content fragmentation is both possible and even advantageous in NDN and similar content-centric network architectures that involve signed content. We design a concrete technique that facilitates efficient and secure content fragmentation in NDN, discuss its security guarantees and assess performance. We also describe a prototype implementation and compare performance of cut-through with hop-by-hop fragmentation and reassembly.

Content-Centric Networking (CCN), an instance of information-centric networking, is a candidate next-generation Internet architecture that emphasizes on content distribution by making it directly addressable and routable. By opportunistically caching content within the network, CCN appears to be well-suited for a large-scale content distribution and for meeting the needs of increasingly mobile and bandwidth-hungry applications that dominate today’s Internet. To provide content authentication, CCN dictates that each content object must be digitally signed by its respective producer. All entities (consumers and routers) must, in principle, verify the content signature before processing it. However, in practice, this poses two challenges for routers: (1) overhead due to signature verification, key retrieval, and potential certificate chain traversal; and (2) lack of trust context, i.e., determining which public keys are trusted to verify the content signature. This renders signature verification impractical in routers, opening the door for the so-called content poisoning attacks. We study the root causes of the content poisoning attacks and reach the conclusion that meaningful mitigation of content poisoning is contingent upon a network-layer trust management architecture. We propose two approaches: deterministic and probabilistic, that allow routers to detect fake (aka “poisoned”) content objects. The usages of each approach depend on the location and role of routers in the network, as well as their computational capabilities.

Reliable and secure content distribution in a disruptive environment is a critical challenge due to high mobile and lossy channels. Traditional IP networking and wireless protocols tend to perform poorly. In this paper, we propose Content Centric Networking (CCN) for emergency wireless ad hoc environments. CCN is a novel communication architecture capable to access and retrieve content by name. This new approach achieves scalability, security, and efficient network resource management in large scale disaster recovery and battlefield networks. Existing Internet CCN schemes cannot be directly applied to wireless mobile ad hoc networks due to different environments and specific limitations. Thus, we must extend the CCN architecture by introducing features and requirements especially designed for disruptive networks. We prove feasibility and performance gain of the new design via implementation and experimentation.