A comparison enterprise architecture frameworks for critical IT infrastructure design

The adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) to critical IT infrastructure offers substantial opportunities for efficiency, resiliency and automation, but also means that you face complex and significant security, governance and operational risks. Traditional project-based implementation approaches are often inadequate for dealing with the long-term, cross-functional and high-risk nature of AI systems in safety-critical and mission-critical environments. This article investigates strategic program management models as an enabling frame for secure and sustainable adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in critical IT infrastructure. It examines the shortcomings associated with ad hoc and siloed AI deployment strategies and makes the case for program level governance structures with integrated security, compliance, risk, and lifecycle oversight. The paper investigates established program management models such as governance-driven, capability based, and hybrid adaptive and assesses their appropriateness for AI initiatives that work in the face of stringent regulatory and cybersecurity constraints. Key enablers such as stakeholder alignment, security-by-design, continuous risk assessment and organizational maturity are discussed in the context of critical infrastructure requirements. The article further suggests a structured program management approach that will bring the AI innovation together with security assurance, regulatory compliance, and operation resilience. By synthesizing the insights from program management theory, cybersecurity governance and from artificial intelligence lifecycle management, this study provides organizations with both a practical framework and strategic foundation to responsibly deploy AI in critical IT environments.

Relevance. Cloud computing brings significant benefits to economy; the speed of its adoption is crucial for emerging as well as for established businesses. In 2022, since the sanctions against Russia were introduced, the dynamically developing Russian cloud market has been dealing with new challenges, which require scholarly attention. Research Objective. The purpose of this study is to summarize the key factors that determine cloud adoption globally, identify the peculiarities of the Russian cloud market and outline the prospects for the development of cloud computing in Russia, taking into account the sanctions imposed in 2022. Data and methods. The study relies on the statistical data from global databases and market surveys. The methodological framework of the study comprises comparative analysis and scenario methods. Results. The main drivers of cloud adoption are infrastructural, economic, social and legal factors. Even though in some of these parameters Russia has achieved good results, the overall level of adoption of cloud services in the country is quite low. The Russian cloud market has a large share of local players, but the negative factor is SMEs’ reluctance to move to the cloud. Further growth in this sphere is possible, however, even if the size of the cloud market shrinks. Conclusions. The 2022 sanctions have posed a major threat to the Russian cloud market as they affected the segments of the critical IT infrastructure. However, there is likelihood that local cloud service providers might be able to substitute global providers. In many ways, it depends on the success of import substitution programs in the field of IT equipment, the policy of local providers, legislative support, and businesses’ willingness to move to the cloud.

The article investigated the concept of IT infrastructure of higher educational institution. The article described models of deploying of cloud technologies in IT infrastructure. The hybrid model is most recent for higher educational institution. The unified authentication is an important component of IT infrastructure. The author suggests the public (Google Apps, Office 365) and private (Cloudstack, Eucalyptus, OpenStack) cloud platforms to deploying in IT infrastructure of higher educational institution.The purpose of article is to designing individual components of the IT infrastructure of a higher education institution using cloud technology.Task of the research: to analyze the concept of "IT infrastructure", to determine the characteristics of deployment of the cloud technologies and to offer the some components of the IT infrastructure of universities in the traditional and cloud context aspect.The object of the research is IT infrastructure of higher education.The subject of the research is cloud and traditional services as components of the IT infrastructure of the university.Methods: analysis of literature studying the functioning of the IT infrastructure of the university, modeling and design of IT infrastructure.Results: analyzed the concept of "IT infrastructure", "cloud technology", defined characteristics and models of cloud technology deployment, proposed separate components of the IT infrastructure of higher education institutions in the context of "traditional" and "cloud" aspects.Conclusions. The use of cloud technologies in the design of IT infrastructure of universities is an actual and need of the development. The hybrid model is the most appropriate in the deployment of cloud infrastructure of higher educational institution. It is reasonable to use the public (Google Apps and Microsoft Office 365) and private (Cloudstack, Eucalyptus, OpenStack) cloud platform.

The Year 2000 (Y2K), or millennium bug as it has been called in the popular press, has caused many organizations to form Y2K project teams tasked with finding and fixing date problems in critical applications, embedded systems, and IT infrastructure. Most of these projects have had to perform this task under severe time restraints, typically two years or less. Additionally, these projects have been constrained with limited resources and staff. Project teams needed to maximize utilization of knowledge and experience gained during the project so they could perform to their maximum capability. Continued viability of the organization was at stake in most of these projects.

Critical Infrastructures (CI) are large and complex enterprises, often composed of multiple systems. Organizations seek to establish common frameworks that will allow them to manage the development and evolution of CIs. The enterprise architecture frameworks are templates for the development of enterprise architectures that aim to describe the enterprise structure, goals, processes, resources and organization. We argue that an architecture framework is required for critical infrastructures and that it will facilitate the critical infrastructure protection. In this article we show an approach to the task of deriving an abstracted, domain-specific Enterprise Architecture Framework for Critical Infrastructures from generic Architecture Frameworks and from the emerging standards for security management. We call it CrAF. In CrAF, the emphasis is put on Critical Information Infrastructure that is inherently coupled with Critical Infrastructure. We provide both a review of recent advances in the area of enterprise architectures and the new material resulting from our own research. The work involved in the development of such an AF is underway within the EU FP7 NI2S3 Project and National Research Grant for Polish Ministry of Science and Education.

A central goal of the work was to enable both the extraction of all relevant information from sensor data, and the application of information gained from appropriate processing and fusion at the system level to operational control and decision-making at various levels of the control hierarchy through: 1. Exploiting the deep connection between information theory and the thermodynamic formalism, 2. Deployment using distributed intelligent agents with testing and validation in a hardware-in-the loop simulation environment. Enterprise architectures are the organizing logic for key business processes and IT infrastructure and, while the generality of current definitions provides sufficient flexibility, the current architecture frameworks do not inherently provide the appropriate structure. Of particular concern is that existing architecture frameworks often do not make a distinction between ``data'' and ``information.'' This work defines an enterprise architecture for health and condition monitoring of power plant equipment and further provides the appropriate foundation for addressing shortcomings in current architecture definition frameworks through the discovery of the information connectivity between the elements of a power generation plant. That is, to identify the correlative structure between available observations streams using informational measures. The principle focus here is on the implementation and testing of an emergent, agent-based, algorithm based on the foraging behavior of ants for eliciting this structure and on measures for characterizing differences between communication topologies. The elicitation algorithms are applied to data streams produced by a detailed numerical simulation of Alstom’s 1000 MW ultra-super-critical boiler and steam plant. The elicitation algorithm and topology characterization can be based on different informational metrics for detecting connectivity, e.g. mutual information and linear correlation.

Since today's enterprises must constantly adapt to rapidly changing external environment, it is necessary to be able to deal with variation and changing conditions in information systems (IS) development. This may be achieved by the use of multifractal IS development methodologies. Fractal approaches to some extent have already been tested in adaptive enterprise development, adaptive manufacturing systems development, and software development. This suggests that multifractal IS development, on the one hand, is appropriate, because the information system should properly reflect the business enterprise (in this case a fractal one) and, on the other hand, it is possible, because some elements of it have already been implemented. Development of multifractal IS aims at managing relative completeness by relative simplicity that has to be discovered in different subsystems that influence the development of the information system. This, in essence, implies the need of thorough analysis an understanding of business structures and processes to discover patterns useful for the identification of fractal features. Currently, only some guidelines for development of multifractal IS are derived from reported experiences of fractal systems development and the use of fractal approaches in other domains.

In practice, many government organizations have representative offices or specialized units which are spread all over Indonesia. With the increasing development of information technology and the expansion in Indonesia areas, also the increasing need for information and communication technology, it would require a flexible, easily expandable, and sustainable IT Infrastructure. To create a sustainable and flexible IT infrastructures, it is necessary to align between IT needs and organization business, so that there will be mutual support between both entities. Enterprise Architecture (EA) can help to build that alignment, and service-orientation architectural approach will help to design the infrastructure. This EA will be developed by using collaboration and tailoring TOGAF ADM as EA framework and SONA (Service Architecture Network Architecture) as information system and technology design framework which are connecting network infrastructure, network services, and application. SONA will be used as reference for the phases of the cycle TOGAF ADM. This paper presents Volcanoes Monitoring System in Indonesia with a case study design for the proposed methodology. The result of this research is "Clear" status definition of EA work based on EA score card assessment, and this means EA work is well defined and documented.

In today’s fast-paced technological landscape, businesses must adapt to evolving business models and harness the power of data to thrive. Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) face significant challenges in aligning IT infrastructure with business objectives while navigating digital transformation. This systematic review, conducted using PRISMA 2020 guidelines, investigates the role of Enterprise Architecture (EA) and Information Management (IM) in driving IT growth and sustaining competitive performance in SMEs. Through a synthesis of academic research, industry analysis, and case studies from the last decade, this review identifies key frameworks—such as TOGAF, Zachman, and FEAF—that support the alignment of IT capabilities with organizational goals. The integration of IM within EA frameworks is found to enhance decision-making, resource allocation, and operational efficiency. Emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) and cloud computing are highlighted for their transformative impact, enabling real-time data analysis, improved scalability, and enhanced agility. Our review reports that 43.44% of the studies focused on cloud-based solutions, while 24.59% adopted hybrid models, offering SMEs scalable and flexible IT infrastructures. The findings emphasize the necessity of strong governance frameworks to ensure compliance, adaptability, and long-term sustainability in a dynamic environment. This research contributes to a comprehensive roadmap for SMEs, enabling them to leverage EA and IM for sustained growth and competitive advantage in the digital era.

Implementing digital technology in the oilfield introduces non-traditional technology, equipment and applications to our oil & gas operations. The long term success and sustainability requires the ability to support this technology effectively and efficiently. ExxonMobil* has a global, standard IT infrastructure. ExxonMobil's downstream has implemented a global, standard advanced control architecture and deployed a suite of applications to optimize various aspects of these operations. Leveraging this experience, infrastructure design and support structure has been recognized as a significant opportunity in the upstream to facilitate quicker deployment and benefits realization, and leverage proven support models. This paper shares ExxonMobil's approach with leveraging our existing corporate IT and advanced control technology foundation, experience and support models for upstream deployment of advanced digital technology.

We outline a process approach for conducting qualitative research on how contemporary information systems (IS) development is enacted in practice. The approach involves a longitudinal case study to obtain rich data from which a detailed process narrative is produced. The narrative is informed by a conceptual model of IS development as situated socio-technical change, generating a theoretical explanation that highlights the temporal, emergent and contingent nature of IS development. This approach extends prior process studies of IS development by focusing on micro-level project activities, examining change as a continuous process and theorising IS change as the outcome of a dynamic trajectory of situated and socio-technical interactions. The methodological approach developed here can be used by other researchers to inform process studies of this complex organisational phenomenon.

The construction of the Crossrail project began at North Dock in Canary Wharf in May 2009. Six yearson, it is the biggest railway construction project in Europe and is one of the largest single infrastructureinvestments undertaken in the UK. It consists of 21 km of new twin-bore tunnels under central Londonand 10 new world-class stations constructed under the largest city in the European Union. Crossrail Project: Infrastructure Design and Construction (Volume 2) contains a collection of 24 paperssubmitted to Crossrail’s Technical Papers Competition during 2014. Contributions have come fromconsultants, contractors, suppliers and third-party stakeholders involved in design and construction acrossthe Crossrail project. The papers cover a multitude of disciplines including Ground Engineering, SprayedConcrete Lining, Tunnel Boring Machine Tunnelling, Engineering Geology, Geotechnical Monitoring andMitigation, Architectural Design, Operations and Logistics. As part of Crossrail’s legacy, it is incumbent upon the organisation to share its experiences and bestpractices with the rest of the industry and to showcase the skills of the personnel involved and thesuccessful delivery of each phase of works. This second volume is the culmination of that experience. Crossrail Project: Infrastructure Design and Construction (Volume 2) provides a valuable source ofreference for current practices in the design and construction of large-scale underground projects.

The information systems development process (ISD) remains a topic of great interest for IS researchers, especially due to the increase in the number of ISD failures. The IS researchers suggest that one possible cause for the failure of ISD may be the lack of relevant knowledge transferred from the system users to system developers. However, IS researchers have not yet directed their attention toward examining the factors that impede the transfer of knowledge among the system users and developers. In order to understand the impediments to the knowledge transfer process during ISD, it is crucial to systematically study how the nature of knowledge transfer unfolds during this process. This chapter provides a framework that allows researchers to study this phenomenon in a systematic fashion. Specifically, it identifies a comprehensive set of factors that influence the knowledge transfer process and posits a set of propositions that future research should examine.

Nowadays Bachelor and Master Students in Management usually do not acquire deep knowledges in Information Technologies, Information Systems and Software Development during their curricular if their educational program is not directly related to Business Informatics. However, industrial experience shows that working in innovative companies requires managers being able not only to manage the business processes effectively, but also initiate changes to them in order to keep the companies stay ahead. Today in digital age corporative business processes are supported by Enterprise Information Systems. Therefore the need for hard skills in Information Systems (IS) is relevant for future managers. Another question is how deep these hard skills in IT should be. This paper discusses the results of implementing the course of the Enterprise Architecture (EA) in educational process of Bachelor students in Management with focus on Management (Field of study 38.03.02. Management, Educational program Industrial Management (Energy)) and focus on Supply Chain Management (Field of study 38.03.02. Management, Educational program Logistics and Supply Chain Management). Archimate, Archi and generally TOGAF methodologies assisted the students in conducting their project work on changes in company IT infrastructure or during the hands-on exercise. The study was carried out at two Russian higher educational institutions (HEI) using the quantitative survey technique and data collection. The simplified framework of EA skills constituting the competency of business stakeholders is presented. General recommendation is that EA course can be effectively included in educational process of Bachelor Students in Management in order to develop EA skills that are significant for future managers and decision makers in digital environment. The results of the study contribute to curriculum choices, teaching methods and learning objectives in current educational process of future managers.

Recent developments in information systems (ISs) have resulted in a critical need for integration and retention of heterogeneous ISs in various domains, using their commonalities. Stovepipe systems have been developed because of inconsistencies in planning architecture among stakeholders. Several countries are currently adopting enterprise architecture (EA) systems, such as Zachman AF (ZF), C4ISR AF, SBA, and FEAF, in order to solve various IS problems in the field of information technology, but enterprise architecture framework (EAF) legacy systems can be inadequate to solve problems arising from stovepipe systems. An EAF is required to satisfy aspects of both EA and system architecture (SA) inside a common information technology (IT) domain. This paper proposes a new enterprise architecture framework that will resolve the problems inherent in previous frameworks and their features.