A Conceptual Model‐Based Systems Engineering Method for Creating Secure Cyber‐Physical Systems

System engineering (SE) methods and principles are nowadays widely adopted in the product development processes, especially in the industrial sector, where saving production time and costs are primary goals. This work describes an application of a particular SE methodology, the V-model-based design, in which the system development lifecycle is divided on the basis of a graphical V-shaped scheme, called V-model. Following this approach, a new concept of charging arm for Robotic Train Inspection Monorail (TIM) of Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN (Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire) has been developed. The current charging arm version is affected by several issues and limits that have led to the necessity of a new solution. Starting from the first stages of functional requirements (FRs) definition and decomposition (left side of the “V”), a new concept has been implemented, in order to be tested for its verification and validation (right side of the “V”). As part of the principles of SE, the process has been based on virtual models of the product and on virtual simulations of its operation, rather than on the realization of time-consuming and expensive physical models and tests, even if a final physical prototype has also been built and some physical operative tests have also been carried out on it. These tests have showed that the new product appears to fulfill each one of its FRs and overcome the limits imposed by the previous version. The future commissioning and operative tests in the real operating condition and location shall definitely validate the new product.

Security risk management can be applied on well-defined or existing systems; in this case, the objective is to identify existing vulnerabilities, assess the risks and provide for the adequate countermeasures. Security risk management can also be applied very early in the system's development life-cycle, when its architecture is still poorly defined; in this case, the objective is to positively influence the design work so as to produce a secure architecture from the start. The latter work is made difficult by the uncertainties on the architecture and the multiple round-trips required to keep the risk assessment study and the system architecture aligned. This is particularly true for very large projects running over many years. This paper addresses the issues raised by those risk assessment studies performed early in the system's development life-cycle. Based on industrial experience, it asserts that attack trees can help solve the human cognitive scalability issue related to securing those large, continuously-changing system-designs. However, big attack trees are difficult to build, and even more difficult to maintain. This paper therefore proposes a systematic approach to automate the construction and maintenance of such big attack trees, based on the system's operational and logical architectures, the system's traditional risk assessment study and a security knowledge database.

Systems engineering integrating interdisciplinary engineering team to design and manage complex engineering design projects. Systems engineering knowledge could best be delivered by incorporating the activities in the systems engineering V development lifecycle in the learning process. However, systems engineering concepts are hard to form a solid identifiable personal experience even for professional engineers. This article discusses the project design and assessment structure in a systems engineering course to facilitate the learning process. The 3D printing process is organised as a learning resource for students to verify their system design in a demonstrable format. Students are required to go through stages of the V development lifecycle while designing and developing a hurdle robot as the engineering design outcome. Students are allocated into groups tried to design and produce different hurdle robots with the support of extra learning resources in the learning management system. The student groups that follow closely the V model lifecycle seem to settle down with the final designs quickly. This proves that the environment has facilitated learning of the V development lifecycle process. With the support of 3D printing technology, students are able to test and verify what they have designed so that they can experience the systems engineering core activities.

Data processing of industrial and field work practices in SMK Pasundan Rancaekek is still semi manual using a spreadsheet application. This can lead to various problems, namely checking students who have not made payment and registration of PRAKERIN, making evidence of transactions and reports effectively, placing students in accordance with the capacity of the place of PRAKERIN and scheduling supervisors in conducting visits. The method used is the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC), which includes system analysis, system design, system implementation, and system operation. Whereas to analyze user system requirements using Flowmap analysis, Context Diagrams, Data Flow Diagrams (DFD), Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERD), Data Dictionaries, and Structure Charts. The design of the PRAKERIN data processing information system uses Microsoft Visual FoxPro 9.0 as a system implementation, report generation, and for database processing. Thus the system designed by the author is expected to facilitate the PRAKERIN data processing process so that it is more effective and efficient.

Financial reporting system is a system that used in an organization to collect, analyze, classify and manage the business transactions that are reported to the user system. Financial reporting system can also produce financial statements that can be verified by all interested parties. This study aims at provide financial reporting system in PT.EMKL Tirtasari Sejahtera Abadi who are still experiencing delays in producing financial statements and errors role in recording and accounting in preparing the financial statements, it is necessary to develop a financial reporting system that can provide financial statements quickly, precisely and accurate for users of the system. Design of financial reporting system designed by the method developer of web-based financial reporting, this system developed by using the method of system development life cycle (SDLC).

Research on Web-based Company Profile Design of the Association of Indonesian Construction Companies (GAPEKSINDO) is a research to make it easier for people to obtain complete and up-to-date information because information is considered very important in decision making and in achieving goals. In addition to obtaining complete and up-to-date information, the website can also send and publish information to the wider community online. The system development method used in this research is the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) method, or better known as the system development life cycle in system engineering and software engineering, is the process of making and changing systems and the models and methodologies used to develop these systems. The research results are expected that this system can publish its activities for more up-to-date information so that the public can find out about the activities that have been carried out, the ease of information about GAPEKSINDO.

In order to improve the efficiency of operational activities and the quality of the Company's services to its customers, the Company is required to develop the Company's business strategy, among others, by utilizing the progress of Information Technology (IT). The development of these strategies further encourages new investments in IT used in transaction processing and information. The Company's reliability of managing IT determines success in generating a complete, accurate, current, complete, secure, consistent, timely and relevant information. As a growing company is required to develop other business strategies by utilizing information technology in providing services to its customers. Therefore PT XYZ Application SDLC (System Development Life Cicle) with SDLC resolution is System Development Life Cycle (SDLC), is a method of developing / designing computer-based application system that guide the steps to build the system. User Requirement, System Design, System Development, System Testing, User Acceptance Test, System Deployment, Post Implementation Review and Disposa System. Internal auditing is an independent party typically used within an organizational structure but can not be part of a team member who serves to provide input in confirmation of the adequacy of the control (advisory capacity). Based on the conclusion, the author uses several things to know 1) physical security performance against spreading room, 2) optimal performance of SDLC, 3) increasing understanding of dual custody password. It is expected to improve the quality control of the company's internal processes and protect the company's data. Keywords: Internal Control. System Development Life Cycle

The management of software development for single and dual processor system designs is making progress towards becoming a mature discipline. A good part of the progress can be attributed to the development and use of standard system and software engineering methods and design principles.However, new computer system designs (networking, distributed systems, embedded systems, multi- and coprocessors, fault tolerant systems, etc.) will create new challenges for managers of software development. The reason for this effect on management is that some of the system and software engineering methods and design principles developed for single and dual processor system designs are not valid for these newer designs.Some of the issues that software development project managers will need to cope with are:1. Life cycle model adjustments2. Rapid prototyping activities3. Different hardware and software phasing4. Increased tool development5. New trade-offs and hybrid developments of off-the-shelf software and newly developed software6. Development of concurrent design principles7. New software design principles to support fault tolerance and the use of new memory technologiesThe above items are just now being recognized as problems, and solutions for them either do not exist, or are not widely known.These problems create a series of new challenges that managers must deal with for software development based on the new architectures and requirements. The purposes of this paper are to discuss these issues and to identify some solutions that can serve in the interim as the technology changes to meet these new challenges.

Medical equipment maintenance management information system is a web-based information system designed and developed to facilitate hospital management in monitoring and supervising the maintenance and calibration activities of medical equipment. The aim of study is to make system design and development analysis are based on the Systems Development Life Cycle with the waterfall method. System design analysis is intended to obtain information according to the needs and desires of users and the criteria limits of the system to be developed. The system can meet the needs of users with system operational functions by identifying the needs and functional identification of the system. Analysis and design of management information system for medical equipment maintenance can fulfill system requirement needed by hospital management. With medical equipment maintenance management information, hospital management can obtain reports of maintenance and calibration activities quickly and accurately.

While systems engineering (SE) has been a well‐established discipline focusing on interdisciplinary systems and engineering management of complex systems over their life cycles, SE is still widely unknown in the U.S. infrastructure industry.The U.S. has recently passed a $1 trillion infrastructure bill (H.R. 3684), calling for investments in roads, bridges, rail, ports, airports, power, water, broadband, and other major projects. It is the intent of this paper to provide practical guidance to infrastructure owners and operators who are interested in reaping the benefits of applying SE to their transportation and infrastructure projects.This paper memorializes the lessons learned from over a of decade of real‐world, hands‐on experience of introducing and gradually increasing the application of systems engineering to building the civil infrastructure of the California High‐Speed Rail System (CHSRS), starting with the environmental impact review, preliminary engineering, final design, construction, inspection and testing, and finally the certification and planned handover of 119 miles of civil work and over 225 individual structures to the following track and systems contracts.As the first three CHSRS civil works construction packages (CP) are currently nearing completion, three new civil work and passenger station procurement contracts have recently been awarded, extending CHSRS to 171 miles and close to 300 structures, including four passenger stations, with additional track and systems, trainset, and train operator contracts planned in the near future.The extension of the CHSRS presented a timely opportunity to incorporate the SE lessons learned during the first three construction packages and update the systems engineering process requirements for the new CHSRS extension projects going forward. The SE requirements are presented in form of Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) requirements and have been prepared as tailored requirements for both civil infrastructure and track and systems contracts.This paper intends to share the lessons learned and present them as specific and actionable recommendations, providing practical guidance for the application of SE to transportation and/or infrastructure projects.

The major objective of this study is to determine the e-procurement system requirements of this research company. This study applies a descriptive qualitative method. The method of data collecting used in this study consists of interviews with single informants, system documentation, and observations. Using a Waterfall paradigm, this method follows the three-stage System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) including needs-based system analysis, design, and requirements formulation. Out of the three systems the company used, none of them were actually fit for their goals according the research. Especially, the three procurement processes were not as quick or effective as the company had intended. With integrated capabilities based on the needs of the business and automation tools, one may design the system including all three functions and features. One might use the System Development Life Cycle technique along with a Waterfall model for this aim.

STMIK Primakara still has problems in managing student activity data because the active system is considered not running optimally. The purpose of this research is to produce an accurate and structured activity data management. The method used in this research is the prototype method and for data collection by conducting observations and field analysis and interviews. The results of this study are students are able to input the activities that have been followed independently. The student department and the operator in charge only validate the data that has been inputted by the student. This study uses the SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) prototype model. To design the system design using the VueJs framework with the primevue component library version 3.0.0 with the sigma-vue template. With this system design, it is hoped that it will make it easier for the development department to design the system so that it can be implemented immediately to students. Keywords— System Design, Data Management, VueJs, Prototype Model, Student Activity

All approaches to information systems and software development assume lifecycle models, which have a significant impact upon the perspective adopted for design and development. In recognition of the limitations of conventional software engineering lifecycles, the Information Systems (IS) community has focused upon gaining recognition of organizational and human issues in systems design. The Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) community has also tried to introduce user-centered practices into software engineering, but its success has been limited because it has augmented existing lifecycle models that are document or risk-driven. Yet, user-centered design can only be fully realized through the adoption of a user-centered model of the information systems lifecycle as the basis for developing ICT-based systems. This paper explains how several of the limitations of current IS and HCI theory and practice can be overcome by modeling development lifecycles in terms of social transformation. The paper then presents an information systems development lifecycle based upon social transformation and illustrates how a user-centered software development lifecycle can be integrated into the IS development process.

This research adopts an applied research approach conducted in November 2023 at the Bekasi City Government. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and literature study. The system development methodology follows the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC), including system analysis, system design, implementation, and maintenance. The proposed digital financial information system is developed in Java and integrated with a MySQL database to manage financial data, including revenue and expenditure, SPP (Payment Request Letters), and SPJ (Accountability Reports). The system design incorporates tools such as Context Diagram (CD), Data Flow Diagram (DFD), Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD), and flowcharts to ensure systematic and structured development. The implementation of the digital system is expected to improve the accuracy, timeliness, and relevance of financial information, facilitate faster report generation, and enhance financial transparency and accountability in regional governance. The findings indicate that the transformation of a digital financial information system significantly supports the optimization of regional financial management processes, minimizes reporting errors, accelerates data processing, and strengthens decision-making processes within the Bekasi City Government. Therefore, the digital transformation of financial systems is essential in supporting good governance and sustainable regional development.

Coconut agroindustry downstream has received its importance regarding the impact on the sustainability of coconut commodities. However, developing the downstream side of coconut remains a great challenge due to its complexity comprised of actors involved with their interests, the value of decision-making variables that are difficult to predict, and the presence of incomplete information in determining the right and fast decisions. To fill the gap, we need a spatial intelligent decision support system to accelerate the decision-making process. The method used in this research was the system development life cycle with the waterfall approach. This research identified system mechanisms, system analysis, system design, system configuration, and system development. The results of this study are the basis for developing system applications.