A content-based news video retrieval system: NVRS

Our goal is to enable viewers to access TV programs based on their content. Towards this end, we present a system that automatically captures and processes TV news programs into a database that can be searched over the internet. Users browse this database by submitting simple English queries. The results of the query is a hyperlinked list of matching news stories. Clicking on any item in the list immediately launches a video of the pertinent part of the news broadcast. We segment TV news broadcasts into distinct news stories. We then index each story as a separate entity. In reply to a query, videos for these news stories are displayed rather than the whole TV program. News program s ar usually accompanied by a transcript in closed caption text. The closed caption text contains markers for story boundaries. Due to the live nature of TV news programs, the closed caption lags the actual audio/video by varying amounts of time up to a few seconds. The closed caption text, thus, has to be shifted to be aligned in time to the video. We use video and audio events to do this synchronization. The closed caption for each story is entered into a database. In response to a query, the database retrieves and ranks the matching closed caption stores. An HTML document is returned to the user which lists: 1) the name and time of the news program that this story belongs to, 2) thumbnails providing a visual summary of the story, 3) closed caption text. To view a news story, the user simply clicks on an item form the list and the video for that story is streamed onto a media player at the user side. This system maintains the manner of presentation of the media, namely video for TV programs, while allowing the common search and selection techniques used on the web.

This experiment investigated the effects of television news frames on (1) audience interpretations of a political issue, (2) the salience of news frames versus other information in the story, and (3) support for future policy. A sample of 145 adults watched an experimental television news bulletin produced in cooperation with reporters and editors at a national television news program about the enlargement of the European Union. A news story was manipulated to reflect a conflict frame or an economic consequences frame. The two frames provide direction to the audience's thoughts about the issue but do not yield different levels of policy support. Frames in the news are as important as core facts in a news story when citizens conceive of a political issue.

Based on a simple temporal structural model of a news program, the paper presents a practical solution to automatic news story segmentation by integrating syntactic and semantic methods. First, a syntactic segmentation method is used to detect the shot boundaries in order to partition video frames into video shots. Then, a semantic segmentation method based on graph-theoretical cluster analysis is developed to classify the video shots into anchorperson shots and news footage shots. Finally, a structural model of news video is used to complete the news-story segmentation. The proposed method obtains a precision of 90.45% and a recall of 95.83% in the segmentation experiment of 168 news stories from two Hong Kong news stations.

Constructing and application of multimedia TV-news archives

News videos delivered from different sources constitute a huge volume of daily information. These videos, overall, form a huge collection of news stories that are intertwined with various novel and old topic themes. To date, it remains a challenging task on how to automatically extract a concise view of news stories according to topic themes. This doctoral thesis studies the issues in story dependency threading and topical auto-documentary in news stories. Initially, a co-clustering algorithm is proposed to perform the news story clustering by exploiting the duality between stories and multi-modal concepts. Then, the novelty and redundancy detection is performed to capture the relationship among stories of a topic. To facilitate the fast navigation of news topic, a novel topic structure is then proposed to chains the dependencies of stories. A main thread is extracted to highlight the important aspects of a theme. A news video editing optimization algorithm can be directly applied to automatically select suitable video and speech contents from the original video source to create an edited video documentary.

Existing research on news video analysis mainly concentrates on structure analysis, semantic concept detection, annotation and search. However, little work has been contributed to news video people community analysis, which is helpful for users to understand the event. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to classify the people appearing in the news video into different communities. In our approach, the people appearing in the news video are first identified by associating their faces with names. The faces are detected from the video frames, and the names are obtained from the text. Then, the people belonging to the same organization are clustered. After that, the relationships between these organizations are determined using sentiment analysis. The sentiment words are diverse in each news story and contain both positive and negative ones. However, we have news title, which is the summary of the story and the sentiment of which is clear, to help us to mine the relationships between the organizations. At last, social networks are built to classify those people/organizations into different classes, and the people/organizations are ranked in each community according to their influence. The main contributions of the paper are two folds: 1) we propose a novel approach to present the news video event according to communities; 2) we propose to use the sentiment analysis and social network to classify the news people/organizations. The experimental results on the selected news topics demonstrate that the proposed approach is effective.

In this paper, we present a schema for content-based analysis of broadcast news video. First, we separate commercials from news using audiovisual features. Then, we automatically organize news programs into a content hierarchy at various levels of abstraction via effective integration of video, audio, and text data available from the news programs. Based on these news video structure and content analysis technologies, a TV news video Library is generated, from which users can retrieve definite news story according to their demands.

The exploration of beauty standards and their societal significance has been a prominent subject of inquiry within academic discourse. While numerous philosophical, sociological, and anthropological analyses have delved into the concept and idealization of beauty, this article endeavors to examine the construction of beauty standards for “television appeal” within Romanian TV news channels and programs. Television, as one of the most influential mediums in society, serves as a pivotal platform for the dissemination of idealized images of beauty to millions of viewers on a daily basis. Our focus on TV news channels and programs is justified by their extensive viewership and ostensibly primary objective of informing the public, which may lead one to anticipate that beauty standards and practices would be subsidiary to their core mission. Through in-depth interviews conducted with journalists, beauty practitioners, and a union leader, this research seeks to elucidate pertinent inquiries concerning the genesis, implementation, and potential enforcement of beauty standards upon journalists within this domain.

No matter where you look there seem to be news stories, journal articles, and television and radio programmes about e‐commerce. Indeed, this has now moved on from e‐commerce to e‐business and more recently to m‐commerce. There are a lot of websites covering e‐business /e‐commerce and I have tried to trawl through these sites and pick out some of the best that are available.

This paper reports on an investigation of the abilities of literates and adult nonreaders to recall and use information from a national network television news program. On a test of unaided recall of news stories the literates recalled 55% more stories than the nonreaders. On a multiple-choice test of information gain from the news program, the literates performed 63% better than the nonreaders. The samples were found to be virtually identical in their use of and opinions about television news. A control group of college students was given the information test without first seeing the news program and did no better than chance. The most important factor affecting recall was the length of time the story was on the air. Human interest stories were recalled much better by both groups than any other type of story. The level of performance among the adult nonreaders correlated highly with their reading levels.

This study challenges whether the television (TV) news story has changed due to the advancement in technologies and adaption of production methods from a Fordist to a post-Fordist routine. Textual analysis of 40 years of producing the “news package” appears to reveal minimal changes to the length and framework; however, there seems to be significant changes to the “genetic” construction. While at first, the changes appear to be driven by technology, it may be reasonable to question whether or not technological advancement is responsible. This essay looks at the construction of a TV news story from a microlevel of production as well as examines possible causes for the progressive alterations.

A survey of a Midwestern community supported a public health model of crime reporting and found respondents saying media pay too much attention to crime. Respondents provided modest support for cultivation theory, with no differences found for effects of newspapers and television. Violence is popular in America. It is ubiquitous. It leads to boffo box office. It is a popular topic in political campaigns. It is a cheap and easy way to sell newspapers or bump up ratings. This paper seeks to address sociological effects of violence in media, to discuss how violence is generally covered by news media on a level, to assess feelings of residents of a Midwestern university town regarding news coverage and analyze survey results from both cultivation effects and public health reporting perspectives. Violence in media Violence in media is a longstanding issue. In early research, George Gerbner noted violence in 66 percent of approximately 3,000 American films produced from 1950 to 1961. He also observed, in 1950s, that more than 75 percent of television drama contained acts of violence and it predominated in 56 percent of programs. In 1967 and 1968, he recorded that 80 percent of television programming contained violent portrayals.(1) A three-year study sponsored by National Cable Television Association found that violence continues to be prevalent. Prime time broadcast programs containing violent content increased by 14 percent between 1994 and 1998 and similar content increased by 10 percent on cable stations during same time frame(1). The percentage of prime time broadcast and cable programs with violence ranged from 58 percent in year one to 61 percent in years two and three. Researchers found that a minimum of six violent incidents occur in each hour of typical violent program.(2) But violent content is not limited to entertainment programming. also is a dominant topic of news broadcasts. Paul Klite, Robert Bardwell and Jason Salzman found that crime stories consumed about a third of total time devoted to news. They found that violent crimes are most frequently aired and that though infrequent among crime types, is most commonly covered crime on television newscasts. On 56 stations, more than half crime coverage relates to murder, they wrote.(3) John McManus was interested to learn whether, in making news decisions, television news would be treated as a commodity, following an economic model, or a public service, following a journalistic model. He found that television news, in large part, was simply a regurgitation of newspaper content. This observation provides evidence that newspapers play an influential role in news agenda-setting process not only of their own organizations, but in that of broadcast news outlets as well. McManus found economic model dominated three stations he observed. There was little attention paid to innovation in news gathering.(4) Crime news is a staple of journalism, and reporting it has been considered a public duty of press. Nevertheless, Walter Jaehnig and his colleagues found newspapers emphasize relatively infrequent violent crimes.(5) A 1994 study by Center for Media and Public Affairs showed that news stories regarding crimes more than tripled between 1990 and 1994. Gerbner reported that local TV news crime reports [doubled] in past two years [1995-96].(6) Phyllis Kaniss notes that today's journalists identify strongly with power structures-city and county officers, police and fire departments, housing authorities and so forth. The news that emerges from these sources is often bad news - news of crime, indigence, health problems and so forth.(7) One study showed that newspapers in St. Louis greatly distorted reality of criminal activity. E.T. Jones found that the typical murder had slightly more than 90 times as much attention as average major crime. …

An empirical analysis of 3,334 state and local television news stories in 10 cities clarifies the reluctance of commercial television newscasters to cover state government. Contrary to what many television news directors assert, television's minimal attention to state government cannot be attributed to an alleged negative relationship between state government and newscast ratings. Rather, it appears to stem from the high cost of obtaining filmed coverage of state government in a timely fashion.

Developing Students’ Media Literacy in the English Language Teaching Context

Personal News Retrieval System is a client-server application that delivers news segments on demand in a variety of information networks. At the server side, the news stories are segmented out from the digitized TV broadcast then classified and filtered based on consumers' preferences. At the client side, the user can access the preferred video news through the Web and watch stored video news in preferred order. Browsing preferences can be set based on anchorperson, broadcaster, category, location, top- stories and keywords. This system can be used to set up a news service run by content providers or independent media distribution companies. However, in the news era of enhanced PC/TV appliances, it is foreseeable that the whole system can run in the living room on a personal device. This paper describes the chosen server architecture, limitation of the system and solutions that can be implemented in the future.