A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Analysis of Speech, Hearing, and Feeding in YouTube Videos: A Brief Communication.

Orofacial clefts: treatment based on a multidisciplinary approach

To evaluate the outcomes of care for children by type of oral cleft. Data were collected through structured telephone interviews during 2003 in Iowa with mothers of 2- to 12-year-old children with oral clefts. Interviews with mothers of children with clubfoot and statewide data on Iowa children were used for comparison. Participants included mothers of children in Iowa born between 1990 and 2000 with nonsyndromic oral clefts. Children were identified by the statewide Iowa Registry for Congenital and Inherited Disorders. Rating of cleft care, severity of condition, health status, esthetic outcome, speech, and school performance were evaluated by type of oral cleft. Children with cleft lip and palate were most likely to have their clefts rated as very severe. Children with palatal involvement were reported to have a lower health status and were almost twice as likely to be identified as having a special health care need compared with either children with cleft lip or children statewide. Children with cleft lip had more esthetic concerns; children with palatal involvement had the most speech concerns. Although mothers generally believed their children had received high-quality care, ratings of the children's current health status and outcomes of care varied significantly by type of cleft (cleft lip, cleft palate, and cleft lip and palate). Differences observed in this population-based study support the proposition that cleft type should be considered when examining outcomes of care for children with oral clefts.

Cleft lip (CL) and cleft palate (CP) are two of the most frequent congenital malformations. Many epidemiologic studies on this deformity have been conducted worldwide, often producing inconsistent results. This study assessed epidemiology and some genetic aspects of cleft lip and palate in a Chinese sample from the Smile Train Program and to compare with other methodologically sound surveys. The general information, family history, classification of cleft and associated malformations of 8000 CL and CP surgery patients were analyzed. Of the 8000 cases, 7812 had complete data. The distribution of cleft types is 17.04% with CP, 23.39% with CL and 59.58% with cleft lip and palate (CLP). Unilateral clefts were more common than bilateral, with unilateral to bilateral ratios being 10.4:1 for CL, and 3.42:1 for CLP. The overall male:female ratio was 2.01:1. Left sided defects were more common than right sided regardless of sex, 1.90:1 for CL and 1.96:1 for CLP. CLP and CL were more common in males than in females with sex ratios (SR) of 2.88:1 and 1.85:1 respectively, whereas CP was more common in females with SR of 0.76:1. Associated malformations (2.89%), involved 29 CP cases, 41 CL and 156 CLP. The frequency of associated malformations in CLP (3.35%) was higher than CL (2.24%) and CP (2.22%) (P < 0.05). Patients with CP or CLP were born less often in the winter than in the summer (P < 0.05). A history of family members having clefts occurred in 6.84% of patients. The proportion of CLP cases (7.56%) was significantly higher than that of CL cases (5.64%) (P < 0.05). The different types of clefts appeared in the highest proportion in CLP and lowest proportion in CP. Males are more common with CL and CLP and less common with CP. These characteristics are the same as those of other Chinese surveys but different from some European reports.

BackgroundThe complex presentation, associated co-morbidities and multi-disciplinary requirements dictate the requirement for in-depth knowledge in order to effectively manage patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP). We aimed to develop a validated questionnaire for cleft lip and palate knowledge assessment and to evaluate the knowledge of cleft lip and palate among a group of recently-graduated dentists.Materials and methodsA multiple-site, cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted. The study population included recently graduated dentists involved in a dental internship program. A bespoke questionnaire was developed and validated, with internal consistency assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and factor analysis performed. A 47-item prototype was distilled into a 15-item questionnaire. This was distributed to the participants with a response rate of 67% obtained.ResultsThe overall proportion of correct responses among dental interns was moderate (73%). The best results were found in relation to CLP treatment including the effect of unfavorable surgical outcomes on speech (89.5%) and the impact of CLP on the occlusion (87.6%). The lowest rate of correct responses (26.7%) was identified in relation to the association between CLP and smoking.ConclusionA validated CLP questionnaire was developed, permitting evaluation of the knowledge of cleft lip and palate and its management among recently graduated dentists. There is limited appreciation among dental interns of the risk factors for CLP as well as post-surgical complications. Given that general dentists are often the gatekeepers for the management of patients with cleft lip and palate, it is important that the findings of this survey are used to inform the curriculum and teaching of cleft lip and palate.

The current study is aimed at evaluating epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal distribution of cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) in the south of Iran. Data were extracted from the 1840 medical records of patients who were referred to the Cleft Lip and Palate Center of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, from January 1, 2011, to September 1, 2022. The collected variables included demographic data (gender, birth date and season, place, birth order, and weight), cleft types and the subtypes, parental information (health status, education level, marital status, and age during the pregnancy), and other basic parameters. The chi-square test at a significance level of 0.05 was used to analyze collected data. The geographic information system (GIS) analysis was also used for analyzing the spatial distribution of CL/P patients. Based on our inclusion criteria, 1281 nonsyndromic patients were included in this study. The most common type was cleft lip and palate (CLP) with 48.32%, whereas cleft palate (CP) and cleft lip (CL) accounted for 40.75% and 10.93% of the patients, respectively. There was a progressive increase in the frequency of all types of clefts, and most of them were male (P ≤ 0.001). The urban population outnumbered the rural ones in all provinces. Parents were mostly healthy (>80%) with low educational status (47.5%). Most born CL/P patients were from consanguineous marriages (58.9%), especially between first-degree relatives. A majority of CL/P patients (73.1%) were born in the first two gestations with a birth weight of 2500-4000 g (77.4%). Most infants with CL/P (84.3%) were born from mothers who had at least one of the predisposing factors. In this study, the frequency of cleft types and subtypes was similar to the existing literature. However, high rate of consanguineous marriage, especially between first-degree relatives, was the most notable feature of this population.

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) anomaly is one of the most prevalent congenital defects causing disturbances of dental arch dimensions. This study aimed at investigating differences in these dimensions between preschool children with cleft lip/palate and a matched control group representing healthy individuals with normal occlusion (NO). The sample of this cross-sectional analytical study consisted of 108 plaster models of children aged from 4 to 5.5 years. They were divided into five groups: the cleft lip group, the cleft palate (CP) group, the unilateral cleft lip and palate group, the bilateral cleft lip and palate group, and the NO group. The NO group was used as a control group. All cleft-affected children were treated only with surgery. Dental arch length and widths were measured. The dental arch dimensions of the cleft lip group were nearly similar to those in the controls. Moreover, the mandibular transverse widths of the CP group were close to those in the controls. However, the mandibular arch length and all maxillary dimensions of the CP group were smaller than those in the controls. In the unilateral cleft lip and palate group, the arch lengths in both jaws and the maxillary transverse widths were smaller than those in the controls, whereas the mandibular transverse widths were similar to those in the controls. In the bilateral cleft lip and palate group, the arch lengths in both jaws were close to those in the controls, but both arches were narrower than those in the controls. The various types of CLP were found to be associated with differences in most maxillary and some mandibular arch dimensions. These data can be used for cleft patient counseling and treatment planning.

There is a paucity of literature on the incidence and distribution of cleft lip and palate cases in the population of Bihar leading to an unmeasured gap in the status of cleft patients in this part of the country. The present study assessed the pattern of cleft cases in the community reported at the largest cleft center in the state under Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK). The study was a questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study conducted over one month at a tertiary care center in Bihar. It included all patients with cleft lip and palate, below the age of 5 years, either isolated or combined, attending the OPD or admitted to the ward in the plastic surgery department. The demographic distribution of cleft lip patients included 16% cleft lip, 6% cleft lip with alveolus, 2% microform, 46% cleft palate, and 30% cleft lip with cleft palate. Bilateral cases contributed to 42% of all cases. Male to female ratio was 3:2 with a ratio of 5:3 in cleft lip, 2:1 in cleft lip with alveolus, 0:1 in microform, 12:11 in cleft palate, and 11:4 in cleft lip with palate patients, respectively. The incidence and distribution of cleft lip and palate were found to be similar to the studies done in other parts of India. Registration of cleft cases under the RBSK project of the central government has led to affordable treatment for poor patients in the state of Bihar.

To determine the prevalence of treatment of early childhood caries (ECC) using general anesthesia (GA) in children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). Retrospective chart review of children followed by the Manitoba Cleft Lip and Palate Program (MCLPP) to determine the frequency of treatment for ECC under GA. Children's Hospital, Winnipeg, Canada (a tertiary care centre). Children registered with MCLPP between January 1, 2008- December 31, 2019. The chart review collected data on the following variables: sex, date of birth, postal code, type of cleft, whether child had treatment of ECC using GA, age at the time of GA, and cost of treatment. Association of CL/P with ECC. Overall, 441 children had CL/P. 17% had isolated cleft lip (CL), 46% had isolated cleft palate (CP), and 37% had both cleft lip and palate (CLP). Overall, 24.3% of children with CL/P underwent dental surgery using GA while 14.5% underwent dental surgery to treat ECC between 12-59 months of age. When compared to a reference of Canadian healthy children 12-59 months of age, a child with CL/P was 15 times more likely to require GA to treat ECC. Treatment for caries under GA in children with CL/P is common. In the children with CL/P the rates of GA for treatment of ECC are significantly higher when compared to the general population. Children with CL/P require comprehensive oral health prevention to reduce the risk for caries and the need for treatment under GA.

Introduction: In Vietnam, awareness from families and society towards children born with cleft lip and palate (CLP) is still lacking. Knowledge and attitude of families towards CLP could help fight against negative beliefs and preconceptions about CLP.Objectives: To assess the awareness of families with children with CLP in the northern region of Vietnam, who were diagnosed and received treatment at the National Hospital of Odonto-Stomatology. Method: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study with a convenient sampling method of 196 patients who were diagnosed with CLP at the National Hospital of Odonto-Stomatology from October 2019 to October 2021. Children, their families, or guardians participating in the study were interviewed using a pre-built questionnaire.Results:Nearly 90% of parents observed the community's acceptance of their children with CLP. Families received support and management from the government for children with CLP through direct counselling (64.2%), and dialing (45.9%). However, most respondents felt shocked, anxious, and painful when there was a child with CLP in their family. Most families' awareness of childcare methods was relatively limited: About 58-60% parents found their children with CLP had major difficulties in eating and drinking, but 26% reported they did not help their children in that regard. Nearly two-thirds of parents had no knowledge about childcare devices, more than one-fifth knew about these devices but chose not to use them whilst the rest had known and used these devices. The parents knew the symptoms of pneumonia and nasopharyngitis that children with CLP could experience, and also knew some appropriate prevention measures. However, parents’ knowledge about psychological factors such as intellectual disability and poor social integration only ranged from 1-2%. Percentage of parents who were not aware of the conditions to be fulfilled before surgery for children with CLP was 56.6%. Only 18.9% of children were diagnosed and received treatment early (before 6 months of age).Conclusions: The awareness of families of children with CLP in the northern region of Vietnam, who were diagnosed and received treatment at the National Hospital of Odonto-Stomatology, was inadequate.Sri Lanka Journal of Health, 2023; 52(1): 66-74

Introduction: Cleft lip and cleft palate are one of the most common craniofacial malformations that occur in children. Congenital heart diseases are more prevalent among children with cleft lip and cleft palate. Early intervention is necessary to improve the survival and for proper development of children.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: A retrospective study is conducted at Paediatrics Department in Saveetha medical College for a period of one year. In the present study medical records of patients with cleft lip and palate are evaluated and analysed for the incidence of heart diseases.&#x0D; Results: In the present study medical records of patients with cleft lip and palate are evaluated and analysed for the incidence of heart diseases. Out of 163 children with cleft lip and cleft palate, 56 children (71.42% male and 28.57% female) had cleft lip, 30 children (66.66% male and 33.33% female) had cleft palate, 77 children (66.23% male and 33.76% female) had both cleft lip and cleft palate.VSD is reported as the most common cardiac anomaly (42.86%) in children with cleft lip and cleft palate.&#x0D; Conclusion: There is an increased incidence of congenital heart diseases in children with cleft lip and cleft palate. Echocardiography is an important investigation done for early identification and proper management.

We investigated whether uncertainty about the impact of children's chronic health conditions on their daily lives leads to changes in mothers' and fathers' mental and physical health. Three waves of data were collected over three years from parents of 228 children with chronic health conditions. Parents reported their level of uncertainty about how the child's health condition affected the child's daily life, as well as measures of their own mental and physical health at each wave of data collection. Results of structural equation models indicate that, among mothers, more illness-related uncertainty was associated with a subsequent increase in psychological symptoms relative to other mothers in the study. Psychological symptoms, in turn, were associated with a subsequent increase in physical symptoms among mothers. Uncertainty did not affect fathers' health. Illness-related uncertainty may be a risk factor for psychological and physical symptoms in mothers of children with chronic health conditions. As such, interventions that address uncertainty related to the child's chronic health condition may improve psychological and physical well-being of mothers of children with chronic health conditions.

Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin that has been utilized to induce chemo-denervation of muscles. Cutaneous wounds represent a special situation in which the tensile forces applied by these muscles on wound edges might have deleterious effects on the healing process. The aim of this review was to investigate such an effect and to review other mechanisms this toxin might have on the healing process. We also reviewed the role of botulinum toxin in the management of hypertrophic scars and cleft lip repair.

One of the early problems that children born with cleft lip and palate encounter is difficulty in feeding. This affects the child's nutritional needs and the timing of the surgical intervention. Information on the appropriate feeding methods for children with cleft lip and palate will enable mothers to feed their babies properly and facilitate the implementation of appropriate interventions. The study described the feeding problems experienced by children with cleft lip and palate (CLP), and cleft palate (CP) ages 0-24 months, the feeding methods most preferred by Filipino mothers, the methods they found most useful, and the mothers' reactions to the feeding issues their children face. The research is a pilot study which used a quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive mixed method design. Thirty-two (32) mothers of children with cleft lip and palate, and cleft palate answered an 11-item online survey and participated in focused interviews from January to June 2022. Inferential statistics was used specifically frequency distribution to describe the data, and Fishers' Exact Test and Pearson's Chi-Square Test were used to analyze the data quantitatively to determine the significant association between the variables identified. Results showed that the feeding problems encountered by the children included nasal regurgitation, sucking, aspiration of liquids, latching on nipples, and swallowing. Mothers preferred to use regular feeding bottles (24.3%), specialized feeding bottles for children with cleft (21.6%), breast feeding and dropper (17.6%), syringe (9.5%), cup (6.8%), and spoon feeding (2.7%) methods. They also mentioned that they found the following feeding methods to be the most useful, regular feeding bottles (32.7%), specialized feeding bottles for cleft (23.1%), breast feeding (11.5%), spoon and dropper feeding (7.7%), and syringe feeding (1.9%). The feeding problems experienced by Filipino children with CLP and CP mirror those that have been reported in other studies. The study revealed that mothers still prefer to use the traditional regular feeding bottles in feeding their babies and found this to be the most useful. Maternal reactions of the participants to the cleft condition and its feeding issues are similar to reported studies in other countries. The internet has been the primary source of information on cleft and feeding of the participants in the study.

Objective: To find out the prevalence of patients with cleft lips and/or cleft palate and their association with risk factors. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Plastic Surgery Jinnah Post-Graduate Medical Center, Karachi. Period: March 2020 to October 2021. Material &amp; Methods: The patients with any age group or gender, who had cleft lip and/or palate were included in the study. The demographic details, personal and family history and clinical examination of the patients were noted on a preformed proforma. The data was analyzed by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The p-value less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The mean age and standard deviation of the study participants was 41 ± 54 months. Male gender was predominant. History of cousin marriages were positive among 92.1% of the cases and 11.1% were having positive family history with p-value ≤0.05. Majority of cases were having both deformities including cleft lip and cleft palate with frequency of 55.2% while 30.2% of the individuals were suffering from cleft lip deformity. The affected cases of cleft palate were 14.6%. Majority of the study participants were male which predominantly reported bilateral cleft lip in association with cleft palate, followed by deformity of left cleft lip and palate. Among females the cleft palate deformity was more common (10.4%) than their male counterpart but there was no significant association with gender. Conclusion: Cleft deformities are one of the most common congenital anomaly in which the cleft lip associated with cleft palate is more prevalent. Majority of the affected individuals are males and mostly their parents have cousin marriages. Family history is also one of the major contributing factor.

It is widely known that some newborn CL/Fr mice with cleft lip and palate (CLP) also have cyanotic symptoms, which have been thought to depend on an atrial septal defect (ASD). In a previous study, we found that cyanotic mice tended to have more severe types of CLP. We hypothesize that the mechanical airway obstruction due to a poorly developed palatal shelf and unmoved tongue in CLP(+) mice might be related to the occurrence of cyanosis. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between ASD and cyanosis in CLP(+) newborns. The newborn hearts from CLP(-), noncyanotic CLP(+), cyanotic CLP(+), CL/Fr mice and ICR mice were examined histologically, and the incidence and size of ASD was determined on neonatal day (ND) 0. In CLP(-) newborns, similar procedures were performed from ND 1 to ND 4. Furthermore, in CLP(+) newborns, development of the palatal shelf was examined. While all the ICR mice had a well-developed atrial septum, and the incidence of ASD was 0%, about 80% of CL/Fr mice had ASD, irrespective of the presence or absence of CLP and cyanosis. On ND 0, the septum primum was significantly shorter in cyanotic CLP(+) mice than in CLP(-) mice. It also tended to be shorter in CLP(+) mice than in CLP(-) mice. Between the cyanotics and noncyanotics, there were no significant differences in the incidences of ASD and the rate of septal development. In CLP(-) mice, the septum primum developed well later and no ASD was observed on ND 4. Cyanotic newborns had significantly less developed palatal shelves than did noncyanotics. Cyanosis may not be related to ASD and the rate of septal development, but may be related to the occurrence of CLP in this strain. Furthermore, we confirmed that some relationship exists between the development of the palatal shelf and cyanosis. The present study supports our hypothesis concerning the cause of cyanosis in CL/Fr mice.