A dietary and risk factor questionnaire and analysis system for personal computers.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of hypertension comorbid of depression and anxiety disorder, and to explore the related psycho–social factors. Methods A total of 1 806 patients with hypertension were selected from urban and rural areas in Beijing and Jilin Province in 2011. The Chinese version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Version 3.0 ( CIDI–3.0) was used to diagnose depression and anxiety disorder. Four additional questionnaires obtained demographic data, and data on coping style, social support, quality of life and degree of life satisfaction. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the related factors of hypertension comorbid of depression and anxiety. Results (1) The prevalence rate of depression and anxiety disorder among patients with hypertension in Beijing and Jilin was 6.5% (117/1 806) and 24.2% (437/1 806), respectively. (2) The prevalence of depression among patients with hypertension was significantly higher in female patients and patients without a spouse (7.6%(88/1 162) vs. 9.0%(29/324) ) than male patients and that with a spouse (4.5%(29/644) vs.5.9%(88/1 482); χ2=6.446, 3.983, both P<0.05). The prevalence of anxiety among patients with hypertension was significantly higher in patients of female gender, being 60 years of age or younger, living in rural areas, manual labor, having 9 or fewer years of education than in patients of male gender(26.6%(309/1 162) vs.19.9%(128/644)), being 60 years older(28.7%(255/890) vs.19.9%(182/916)), living in urban areas(26.9%(242/900)vs. 21.5%(195/906)), mental work(25.9%(289/1 114) vs.20.0%(83/416)) and having 9 more years of education(25.7%(333/1 296) vs. 20.4%(104/510); χ2=10.190, 18.983, 7.087, 5.907, 5.610, all P<0.05). (3) Compared with non–depression group, depression group had significantly lower scores on subjective support (24.2±4.7 vs.26.1±4.4, t=–2.508), support availability (6.2±2.1 vs.7.6±2.2, t=–3.951), total social suppot (39.5±7.5 vs. 43.1±6.7, t=–3.110), positive coping dimension (1.6±0.7 vs. 1.9±0.7, Z=–2.356), Q–LES–Q–SF (47.4±7.8 vs.61.2±4.3, t=–15.615), and had significantly higher scores on amount of negative events stimulation (38.8±59.3 vs.7.8±16.8, t=5.591), total amount of life events stimulation (47.8±64.2 vs. 20.2±33.0, Z=3.775; all P<0.05). Compared with non–anxiety group, anxiety group had significantly lower scores on subjective support (24.0±4.9 vs.25.1±4.6, t=–2.678), total social support (40.0±7.2 vs. 41.2±7.1, t=–2.063), positive coping dimension (1.5±0.6 vs.1.6±0.7, Z=–1.963), Q–LES–Q–SF (48.0±5.5 vs.53.9±5.5, t=–12.340), and had significantly higher scores on amount of negative events stimulation (27.2±50.0 vs.10.6±21.5, Z=5.993), average negative coping dimension (1.2±0.6 vs. 1.1±0.6, Z=3.775), total amount of life events stimulation (39.5±56.4 vs.23.9±36.0, Z=4.155; all P<0.05) . (4) Logistic regression analysis showed female gender, negative events had significant positive correlation to concurrent depression and anxiety in patients with hypertension (OR=1.689, 1.017, 1.431, 1.070, all P<0.05). High life satisfaction degree had significant negative correlation (OR=0.558, 0.797, both P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of anxiety disorder is higher than that of depression in hypertensive patients in Beijing and Jilin. Female gender, negative events are possible risk factors for concurrent depression and anxiety in patients with hypertension, and high life satisfaction degree are possible protective factor. Key words: Hypertension; Depression; Anxiety; Prevalence; Comorbidity; Factor analysis, statistical

Objective To explore the risk factors of meningoencephalitis with hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) for predictive evaluating and providing evidence for nursing measures. Methods According to the presence of meningoencephalitis, 998 cases with hand-foot-mouth disease were divided into the meningoencephalitis and non meningoencephalitis group.The difference of clinical manifestations, signs and laboratory test resultsbetween two groups were discussed by retrospective analyzing from the perspective of nursing, and we used single factor analysis method to reveal the risk factors of meningoencephalitis. Results The statistical analysis showed that there was a statistical significance in using frequently myoclonicjerk, limbjitter, vomiting, limb weakness, continued highfever, abnormal breathing, circulation dysfunction, blood WBC count and elevatedblood glucoseto predict meningoencephalitis with hand-foot-mouth disease (P<0.05). The sensitivity respectively were frequently myoclonic jerk (95.05%), blood WBC count (90.10%), continued high fever (89.11%), abnormal breathing (77.24%), elevated blood glucose (63.37%), vomiting (42.57%), limb jitter (12.38%), circulation dysfunction (6.93%) and limb weakness (6.93%). The specificity respectively were circulation dysfunction (99.87%), limb weakness (99.75%), limb jitter (99.75%), frequently myoclonic jerk (99.62%), vomiting (91.46%), abnormal breathing (66.33%), continued high fever (65.33%), elevated blood glucose (47.61%) and blood WBC count (47.24%). Conclusions The nurses should strengthen the nursing observation on children with myoclonicjerk, limbjitter, vomiting, limbweakness, continued high fever, abnormal breathing, circulation dysfunction, blood WBC count and elevatedblood glucose. The corresponding nursing intervention measures are also formulated and timely finding meningoencephalitis with HFMD for reducing the developments of severe disease and the mortality. Key words: Hand-foot-mouth disease; Meningoencephalitis; Risk factors; Nursing

Objective: To evaluate the distribution of astigmatism in children and adolescents in the Wenzhou area and determine the correlation of astigmatism with related risk factors, such as parents’ astigmatism, age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in cooperation with the Eye Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. Subjects came from the Children’s Health Examination Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, from September 2011 to March 2016. Ophthalmology exams included entrance tests (visual acuity, pupil reaction, extraocular muscles, etc.) and cycloplegic refraction. Each child’s height, weight, bust, waist, and hips were also measured. For this study, astigmatism was considered when the cylinder was higher than or equal to 0.5 diopter (D) in the right eye. The non-cycloplegic refractive status of the parents were measured for further analysis. Rank sum test, chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the distribution of astigmatism in children and adolescents and its risk factors. Results: A total of 525 subjects were examined, and 83.4% (438/525) completed the study. The prevalence of astigmatism was 59.4% (260). The percent of subjects with astigmatism between 0.50 D and 1.00 D was 80.8%, and the percent between 1.25 D and 2.00 D was 11.2%. The percent with astigmatism higher than 2.00 D was 8.1%. Obese children tended to have a higher prevalence of astigmatism (χ2=6.347, P=0.042) compared with non-obese children. With the rule (WTR) astigmatism was predominant (73.8%), and there was no significant difference in the astigmatism axis distribution between males and females (χ2=3.104, P=0.212) or among the different age groups (χ2=10.578, P=0.102). In the analysis of risk factors, the prevalence of astigmatism was higher in children with at least one astigmatic parent (χ2=7.484, P=0.024) compared with the children without an astigmatic parent. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the main factor that influenced the development of children and adolescents's astigmatism was the cylinder of mother (odds ratio=2.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.1-4.4, P=0.023). Conclusions: The prevalence of astigmatism in children and adolescents was 59.4% in Wenzhou area, and WTR was predominant. The astigmatism of the mother may increase the risk of astigmatism in children and adolescents. Key words: Keywords: children and adolescents; astigmatism; parental astigmatism; obesity

Objective To explore the main risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)complicated with cardiovascular disease(CVD). Methods The T2DM of 128 cases of CVD associated with CVD group were selected, the patients with T2DM 107 cases were selected as control group, used Logistic regression method for the analysis of the risk factors of concurrent CVD. Results The risk of CVD in patients with a family history of T2DM was 1.535 times of that of the other patients(OR=1.535,95%CI=1.145,2.057,P=0.036), the vegetarian diet patients was 41.3%(OR=0.413,95%CI=0.210,0.815,P=0.024),in patients with hypertension was 2.077 times(OR=2.077,95%CI=1.301,2.813,P=0.010).T2DM patients with TG,PBG,LDL-C,HDL-C per 1mmol/L rise,the risk of concurrent CVD was 1.192 times of that of the other patients(OR=1.192,95% CI 1.012,1.372,P=0.023),1.125 times(OR=1.125,95%CI=1.043,1.218,P=0.028),1.712 times(OR=1.712,95%CI=1.203,2.231,P=0.009)and 42.6%(OR=0.426,95%CI=0.239,0.776,P=0.011);Hb A1c increased every 1%,the risk of concurrent CVD was 1.284 times of that of theother patients(OR=1.284,95% CI=1.132,1.413,P=0.013);BMI increased by 1kg/m2,the risk of concurrent CVD was 1.508 times of that of the other patients(OR=1.508,95%CI=1.143,1.825,P=0.026);C2 increased by 1m L/mm Hg×100,the risk was the other patient's 33.9%(OR=1.508,95%CI=1.143,1.825,P=0.026). Conclusion Family history of T2DM, hypertension, TG,PBG,LDL-C,Hb A1c and BMI are major risk factors for T2DM with CVD;vegetarian diet,HDL-C and C2 are protective factors. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, type 2; Cardiovascular disease; Risk factors; Concurrent

This article outlines the methodology of the IT system risk analysis and management, including various categories of risk factors significant from the point of view of the sensitive data processing and completeness of the procedure for determining the IT system risk level. The presented methodology is divided into the IT system risk analysis and the risk management method. The IT system risk level assessed by the risk analysis method described in this article constitutes an input value for the risk management method outlined in the further part hereof, referring to the IT systems used for the processing of documents at different levels of sensitivity.

How the ownership structures cause epidemics in financial markets: A network-based simulation model

Objective To investigate the risk factors for the occurrence of duodenal stump fistula in elderly patients with gastric cancer after radical resection. Methods From June 1996 to June 2016, the clinical data of 560 patients underwent radical operation for gastric cancer in elderly patients (age ≥60) in the Fifth People′s Hospital of Zhangjiagang of Jiangsu Province and 254 Hospital of PLA were collected. They were divided into occurred group (n=30) and without occurred group (n=530) according to whether duodenal stump fistula occurred or not. The effects of operative factors and nonoperative factors on duodenal fistula were analyzed. Nonoperative factors included gender, preoperative hemoglobin, preoperative serum albumin level, basic diseases (hypertension, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart disease, liver cirrhosis) and tumor staging; operative factors included operation time, intraoperative blood loss, surgical approach, reconstruction of digestive tract and duodenal stump embedding, etc. Results Single factor analysis showed that the preoperative serum albumin level (t=-5.035, P<0.001), preoperative hemoglobin (t=-0.567, P=0.048) and combined liver cirrhosis (χ2=14.093, P<0.001) of nonoperative factors were associated with the occurrence of duodenal stump fistula after surgery; reconstruction of digestive tract (χ2=5.427, P=0.019), and duodenal stump embedding (χ2=13.378, P<0.001) of operative factors were associated with the occurrence of duodenal stump fistula after surgery. Multivariate logstic analysis of regression showed that preoperative serum albumin level (OR=5.214, 95%CI: 2.230-12.172, P=0.032), combined liver cirrhosis (OR=4.885, 95%CI: 3.805-6.259, P=0.021), and reconstruction of digestive tract (OR=3.779, 95%CI: 2.148-6.617, P<0.001) were independent risk factors affecting the occurrence of duodenal stump fistula after surgery. Conclusion Preoperative albumin level, combined liver cirrhosis and reconstruction of digestive tract are the main risk factors for postoperative duodenal stump fistula in elderly patients with gastric cancer. Key words: Stomach neoplasms; Intestinal fistula; Risk factors

Objective To analyze risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants. Methods A total of 107 preterm infants with birth weight <1 500 g were collected from Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from January 1 to December 31, 2014. According to whether be diagnosed as BPD, they were divided into BPD group (n=36) and non-BPD group (n=71). Clinical data of 107 preterm infants were analyzed retrospectively, including obstetric factors, general condition of preterm infants at birth, treatment processes and main complications, totally 4 aspects of 26 observation factors. Eight obstetric factors and 10 factors related to general conditions at birth and treatments of preterm infants were compared between two groups using t test and chi-square test for univariate analysis. Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the 8 complication factors of preterm infants during hospitalization. Then, with the existed research results, clinical experiences and univariate factor analysis results, 13 possible influencing factors of BPD occurrence in VLBW preterm infants were analyzed by multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis in order to explore the independent influencing factors associated with the BPD in VLBW preterm infants. This study was in line with the requirements of World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki revised in 2013. Results ①The results of univariate analysis of the factors associated with occurrence of BPD in VLBW preterm infants demonstrated that statistical differences presented on delivery mode, intrauterine infection, birthweight and gestational age of preterm infants, asphyxia of newborn, nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP), invasive ventilation, the duration of invasive ventilation, inhalation of high concentration oxygen, administration of pulmonary surfactant (PS), neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and sepsis. ② Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that administration of invasive ventilation (OR=51.936, 95%CI: 2.395-1 126.182, P=0.012), inhalation of high concentration oxygen (OR=76.269, 95%CI: 5.279-1 101.998, P=0.001), NRDS (OR=4.497, 95%CI: 1.772-11.415, P=0.002), and complicated with sepsis (OR=2.521, 95%CI: 1.006-6.319, P=0.049) were independent risk factors of BPD occurrence in VLBW preterm infants. Cesarean section (OR=0.045, 95%CI: 0.003-0.730, P=0.029) was protective factor of BPD occurrence in VLBW preterm infants. Conclusions If VLBW preterm infants receive invasive ventilation, inhaled high concentration oxygen, complicated with NRDS or sepsis, it would be more likely to suffer from BPD. Pointed measures aimed of these factors should be taken in clinical practice to prevent BPD occurrence in VLBW preterm infants. Key words: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia; Risk factors; Infant, very low birth weight; Infant, premature

Objective To analyze the relative risk factors for arterial massive cerebral infarction (AMCI) caused by trauma. Methods One hundred and three patients with craniocerebral injury admitted to Department of Neurosurgery, Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from April 2015 to May 2018 were divided into AMCI group and NAMCI group according to CTA or DSA. Gender, age, GCS score, time from injury to admission, cistern state, traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH), systolic blood pressure (SBP), osmotic pressure (OP), central venous pressure (CVP), coagulation function and milk of the two groups were compared. Single factor analysis was performed on 12 indicators of acid (Lac) and brain contusion. Logistic multivariate regression analysis was performed on the indicators with statistical significance, and GOS score was used to judge the prognosis. Results The univariate analysis showed that 8 indexes, including age, GCS score, CVP, SBP, OP, tSAH, cistern state and Lac, were closely related to the occurrence of AMCI (P<0.05). By multivariate Logistic regression analysis, GCS≤8, CVP≤5 cmH2O (1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa), OP<270 mmol/L and SBP≤90 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) were independent risk factors of arterial cerebral infarction (P<0.05). According to GOS, there were good in 8 cases, moderate disability in 9 cases, severe disability in 7 cases, and death in 4 cases. Conclusion Low GCS score, low CVP, low OP and low SBP are independent risk factors for cerebral arterial infarction. It is important clinical significance for treatment and cure of the disease to focus on the above indexes assessment and monitoring. Key words: Craniocerebral injury; Arterial massive cerebral infarction; Risk factors

Uncertainty propagation in risk and resilience analysis of hierarchical systems

This article describes the development of an intelligent system for railway risk analysis using fuzzy reasoning approach (FRA) and fuzzy analytical hierarchy decision making process (Fuzzy-AHP), which is specially designed and developed for the railways. In the system, FRA is employed to estimate the risk level (RL) of each failure event in terms of failure probability (FP) and consequent severity (CS). This allows imprecision or approximate information in risk analysis process. Fuzzy-AHP technique is incorporated into the risk model to use its advantage in determining the relative importance of the risk contributors, i.e. weight factor (WF) so that the risk assessment can be progressed from component level to the subsystem level and finally to system level. This risk assessment system can evaluate both qualitative and quantitative risk data and information associated with a railway system efficiently and effectively, which will provide railway risk analysts, managers and engineers with a method and tool to improve their safety management of railway systems and set safety standards. A case study on rolling stock asset risk analysis is used to illustrate the application of the intelligent system. (6 pages)

Food risk analysis remains a major cornerstone that provides a framework for the risk-based food safety system. This paper aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of the food safety system, and the foundational role and opportunities of the risk analysis concept in the East Africa Community (EAC). The study was done through the explorative review of the literature as the best approach to getting broad information on the concept of risk analysis in global food safety and its impact on food safety systems. Through analysis of the relevant literature and previous studies related to global food safety and food safety systems, the approach helped to draw on challenges and opportunities and to reformulate the potential key role of the risk analysis concept in the EAC food safety system. Challenges were identified through the evaluation of the effectiveness of the EAC food safety system with reference to the US- effective food safety model. The role and opportunities of the risk analysis in the EAC food safety system were evaluated against identified challenges, and its implementation feasibility and assets in the EAC food safety system. As results, the EAC food safety system showed many gaps and challenges, and was ineffective. While the risk analysis concept was found a key factor in attributes of the effective food safety system, it could help the EAC food safety system to become effective, and to respond to the current and future food safety needs of both the African continent and the Globe. With many opportunities and potentials in EAC, the risk analysis concept can be integrated into the EAC food safety system. Therefore, a useful and strategic approach as a model of the integration of the risk analysis concept was designed for EAC. It is the establishment of an EAC- Regional Centre of Expertise in Food Risk Analysis (EAC-CREFRA). In addition, the EAC food safety system needs to anchor One Health and multi-factorial food safety management approaches to food safety.&#x0D;

Development of project cost contingency estimation model using risk analysis and fuzzy expert system

The extended reach drilling (ERD) is being adopted widely in China. But it also brought a series of technical difficulties because of its own characteristics. Some progresses were made after several years of hard work in China about Hydraulics for ERD. In the paper of “Research Progresses and Perspectives of Hydraulics for Extended Reach Drilling in China, Part I” and “ Part II”, the author demenstrated part of these progresses including cuttings transport model, precise model of pressure loss calculation, hole cleaning monitoring method and hydraulic extended limit calculation model and analysis. In this paper, the rest were presented which inlcuding hydraulics design method and risk analysis system for ERD. Based on the above studies, the author finally developed a system of hole cleaning monitoring and hydraulics design and its risk analysis which could provide theoretical support and useful tool for engineering design and risk analysis before drilling. These researches are helpful to ERD and have enriched the hydraulic theory of ERD.

In Flanders and by extension in the whole world, accidents involving the transport of dangerous goods occur. Therefore, Flanders is developing a risk analysis and assessment system for the external human risks of transporting dangerous goods. The general outline of the system has now been established, based on a number of external research projects. The system allows to obtain a profile of the risks of serious accidents with the transportation of dangerous goods on roads, railways, waterways, pipelines and in ports. In brief, the risk analysis system consists of the following major elements: dividing of the transport routes into segments, determining the probability of a major accident per segment, determining the damage per segment, determining the risks for each segment and determining the risks per route. The next step was the developing of a risk assessment system to be able to decide whether or not the risk of the transport of dangerous goods is acceptable, whether or not extra safety measures have to be taken and which of the alternative routes is the most favourable one for external safety. The system consists of two major steps. First, the risk per segment is studied and if necessary, the ALARP principle is applied. Second, the risk of the total route is calculated for all alternative routes and is compared.