A Digital Image Copyright Protection Scheme Based on Visual Cryptography

With fast growth in Internet and digital imaging knowledge, there are progressive customs to simply generate, distribute and allocate the images. Measured the association among digital imaging and privacy fortification, Visual Cryptography and Secret Image Sharing is an inclusive preamble to original security methods. The secret sharing control system is used to guard unauthorized data access and to secure distribution of responsive information. An efficient color image visual cryptic filtering scheme is to improve the image quality on restored original image from visual cryptic shares. The color image visual cryptic filtering scheme presents a deblurring effect on the non-uniform distribution of visual cryptic share pixels. Fourier transformation and texture overlapping is applied to normalize the unevenly transformed share pixels on the original restored image. This in turn improves the quality of restored visual cryptographic image to its optimality. The privacy preservation in visual cryptography plays a major role to provide an efficient secure communication for the users. To address data sharing issues more sensitively, a privacy preservation achieved by using cache-cache mechanism. The cache-cache mechanism maintains a cache inside a cache to preserve the details about the users who shared the secret parts of digital document, which has been splitted in a scheme of visual cryptography. In this work, the binary spanning trees are used to enhance the progress of secure distributed file sharing in visual cryptography. Privacy of file sharing is done with file block id relating to the participant id using binary trees. Group dynamics is handled effectively with distributed key exchange model, based on the principal operation of minimum spanning tree variants. Experimentation carried out with bench mark data sets of real and synthetically generated data sets to estimate the performance of the proposed controlled adaptable distributed file sharing with multiple participants in visual cryptography in terms of group dynamic rate, tree spanning length and privacy overhead.

A highly robust and secure image watermarking based on classification and visual cryptography

In this paper a method is presented for copyright protection in digital images. Copyright protection is achieved by embedding an invisible signal, known as digital signature or watermark, in the digital image. The method proposed in this paper casts the signature in the frequency domain by slightly modifying the values of randomly selected DC coefficients of the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) of the image. The same method is applied also on the Subband or Wavelet Transform coefficients. An adaptive method is proposed also based on perceptual criteria that guarantees the invisibility of the watermark and avoids the deterioration of the image. Signature detection is done via hypothesis testing, without to use any information from the original image. The watermarks embedded by the proposed method are very resistant to JPEG and other frequently used compression. Experimental results using real image data verify the effectiveness of the method.

Visual cryptography (VC) is an emerging area used for data hiding, authentication, multimedia security and transmission of data. Parameters mainly focused in VC are pixel expansion, number of frames, type of images and number of undisclosed message images. Recent research shows many applications uses visual cryptography concept in authentication, secure transaction, secret sharing of information. But visual cryptography shows limited security for VC shares results in lack of security measure. In this paper work different VC (K, N) secret sharing techniques discussed and following analysis shows hybrid approach algorithms used in recent years that can be used for various applications in further implementation with high confidential secret sharing of data.

ENHANCING home security through visual CRYPTOGRAPHY

Most of existing watermarking technologies are related with the research of robust watermarking for copyright protection or with the research of fragile watermarking for an authentication. Therefore, most of existing watermarking schemes use an original image for embedding a watermark and focus on imperceptibility of the watermark. The proposed mobile watermarking scheme is a new concept for embedding, which uses the generated image instead of a given original image. It generates a proper MMB (Mobile Merchandise Bond) image for the watermark to be inserted. As experimental result, we could generate the MMB image and extract MMB information from the image, the watermark-embedded image, captured by the PC camera. So we could confirm availability of the generation of the watermark-embedded image in the display-capture environments.

In recent years, with the development of the image processing technology, the protection to the authenticity and integrity of digital images has always been a topic of great concern. A blind image authentication technology with high tamper detection accuracy under different common attacks is urgently needed. In this paper, an improved fragile watermarking based on local binary pattern (LBP) for blind tamper detection in images is proposed. In this method, the binary watermark is generated by LBP operator, which is often used in texture analysis and pattern recognition. In order to improve the security of the proposed method, Arnold transform and logistic map are used to scramble the watermark. Then the watermark is inserted into the least significant bit (LSB) of original pixels. Since the watermark is constructed from the image itself, no original image is needed in tamper detection. The LBP map of watermarked image is compared with the extracted watermark to determine whether it is tampered or not. Compared with other state-of-the-art algorithms, experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves good performance in tamper detection and localization under various attacks.

Optical imaging biomarkers measured by Diffuse Optical Spectroscopic Imaging (DOSI) provide unique physiological profiles of tissue biochemistry that may be useful in breast cancer for detecting/characterizing lesions and evaluating tumor response to therapy.Imaging technologies have long played an important role in oncology, covering early detection, therapeutic planning, and remission management. Imaging biomarkers, such as tumor volume, are being considered as surrogate endpoints in place of traditional endpoints such as morbidity and mortality. Yet there is a need and a desire to see more. Spectral information content is often added to increase information content, and thus improve tumor detection and classification. For example, dual energy mammography can improve the visibility of microcalcifications. The capabilities of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can also be augmented through the inclusion of spectroscopy (MRS). MRS applied to breast cancer has yielded some promising results, namely via the detection of choline, which may distinguish between benign and malignant as well as signal early changes in tumors responding to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Optical imaging offers a new class of imaging biomarkers, although their clinical significance has yet to be firmly established. These “optical imaging biomarkers” emerge from modeling specific near‐infrared (NIR) molecular absorption signatures, which may be surrogate markers for traditional molecular biomarkers of disease from processes such as angiogenesis, apoptosis, and proliferation. Optical imaging in the 1980's generated lots of enthusiasm but fell short of expectations. By modeling the physics of light transport, improving technology, and increasing spectroscopic information content, the past limitations of optical imaging can be overcome. Modern optical imaging such as DOSI can measure tumor total hemoglobin, in both oxygenated and deoxygenated states. By increasing spectral bandwidth, new optical imaging biomarkers emerge. Tissue water, in various biochemical states, and bulk lipids, have also been used to identify and even stage malignant lesions. Deoxy‐hemoglobin and water have predicted final pathological response of breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in pilot studies, in similar fashion to choline. Novel NIR spectroscopic signatures that are unique to cancer have been discovered, and may also distinguish between benign and malignant lesions.Our long‐term goal is to develop the concept of optical imaging biomarkers for the prevention, detection, and treatment of malignancy, particularly in breast cancer. Through novel technological and analytical methods, we are developing DOSI as the optical analogue to MRS/MRI, yet DOSI will have significantly reduced barriers for access. DOSI can be made highly portable, and may find use in the doctor's office setting, or even in the field.Conflict of Interest StatementWhile the authors have not received any funds or assistance from companies for this research, authors hold patents on technologies that are being licensed by companies. The University of California Irvine Conflict of Interest Committee reviewed these interests and considered them acceptable and do not interfere with research integrity.Learning Objectives1. Learn the physical basis for Diffuse Optical Spectroscopic Imaging2. Learn how increasing spectroscopic bandwidth improves tissue characterization3. Learn how Diffuse Optical Spectroscopic Imaging may be useful in breast cancer applications

A novel and efficient algorithm for improving the efficiency of image in painting is proposed. The proposed technique separates the in painting process into four different and important steps. First, shrinking the original image to 0.02-0.25 times through the downscaling method, besides search a best-exemplar from source region in the downscaled image, get those counterpart by proposed rules from the origin image and fill whole damaged region in origin image, and then using the method of image segmentation to in painting the regions of incomplete restoration in the downscaled image. Finally, these are filled into the in painted region of the original image. The result demonstrates that this method is 100~5 times the efficiency of the method which is existed now.

In this paper we present two methods to remove the watermark from the carrier image, which is embedded in dc components of the discrete cosine transform based image using the method presented by Huang et al. [1] The first method, which we present, removes the watermark via varying the energies in frequency domain and redeeming the luminance in spatial domain; the second method we present removes the watermark through diversifying the intensity of dc components in transform domain. Both the two methods can remove the watermark and avoid to be detected that the image was hidden a watermark by the detection criterion. In addition, though we cleaned the watermark from the watermarked image, the PSNR of the cleaned image (compared with the original carrier image) is still high.

This paper presents a robust watermarking method against geometric distortions and several other signal processing schemes. In the proposed watermarking method, image normalization is used to get geometric invariant features. The watermark embedding and detection process are carried out in the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) domain. A DCT based texture classification is used to classify each image block to embed a stronger as possible watermark, while maintaining watermark imperceptibility. The proposed watermarking scheme is a public watermarking, where the original image is not available for watermark detection. The experimental results show the watermark imperceptibility and robustness against geometric distortion such as rotation, scaling and various other Affine transformation, and common signal processing schemes, such as JPEG compression, Gaussian and impulsive noise contamination.

This paper proposes a new watermarking algorithm based on the shuffled singular value decomposition and the visual cryptography for copyright protection of digital images. It generates the ownership and identification shares of the image based on visual cryptography. It decomposes the image into low and high frequency sub-bands. The low frequency sub-band is further divided into blocks of same size after shuffling it and then the singular value decomposition is applied to each randomly selected block. Shares are generated by comparing one of the elements in the first column of the left orthogonal matrix with its corresponding element in the right orthogonal matrix of the singular value decomposition of the block of the low frequency sub-band. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme clearly verifies the copyright of the digital images, and is robust to withstand several image processing attacks. Comparison with the other related visual cryptography-based algorithms reveals that the proposed method gives better performance. The proposed method is especially resilient against the rotation attack.

The world has become very much dependent on electronic devices and internet with the advancement of new technologies. So, security is also becoming a very vital issue as we share all our details through different electronic mediums to internet. Cryptography is a well known technique of hiding secret data. Visual Cryptography (VC) is a special type of cryptography where we can securely transmit secret data over different transmission mediums. Various visual cryptography schemes have been formulated to carry out the secure transmission of images efficiently. Visual Cryptography provides techniques to share an image efficiently over various internet services. In visual cryptography an image is broken into a number of share images which are later stacked upon to generate the original image. Out of various schemes some have shown very promising results with or without a small increase in the final image dimension which is also referred as pixel expansion. The proper alignment of the distributed shares reveals the original secret image. In this paper we provide a state-of-the-art review and analysis of the several existing schemes of Visual Cryptography.

This paper presents a new binary stream information hiding method into compressed color image using reduced search fractal coding approach. The proposed method explores for each Range block a predefined search region around it in R, G and B planes to find the best Domain block. This encoding method reduces search time while preserve decoded image quality. The proposed watermarking method is based on relationships between Range and Domain blocks in R, G, B planes. Data extraction can be performed without the need of original host image and can be regarded as a blind approach. Experimental results show that our data embedding method has both high capacity and good transparency. However, this fragile method cannot resist typical attacks.

Internet is an important part in the daily life of people in many ways, which allows the people in any corner of the world to share all types of information. Image encryption is used to transmit sensitive multimedia information in unsecured networks to provide high degree of confidentiality. In this paper, a new image encryption method is proposed based on novel implementation of pixel scan, utilizing the Knight’s Travel Path, and true random number. The Knight’s travel path is a pattern in which the path of a Knight around a chess board is taken without revisiting any node. This travel path pattern is used to permute the pixel positions of the original image to obtain the scrambled image. The scrambled image is further XORed with the random key numbers to get the cipher image. To change the pixel values of the scrambled image, true random numbers are generated from the amplitude values of a chosen noise audio file. Decryption is performed to confirm the reception of the sent image. The proposed method resists the statistical, differential, and entropy attacks significantly which have been demonstrated with various standard images.