A Digital Watermarking and Perceptual Model Based Video Quality Measurement

In recent years, with the rapid development of internet, digital data has been widely used in various science and engineering applications. But, this development has also led to several threats and attacks from the intruders. Most of the organizations are very much concerned about the Illegal copyright activities which have become a series issue. A number of copyright protection schemes have been developed in the literature. Watermarking is one of the best known methods for copyright protection. Earlier Bit Error Rate (BER) is been observed to provide good results for choosing the optimal feature region from the watermarked image. However it fails to produce more accurate image quality measures. This research work mainly focuses on a novel technique implemented based on the simulated attacking approach and the GA-based Multi Dimensional Knapsack Problem (MDKP) solving technique to select the most sufficient feature regions for robust digital image watermarking without affecting the image quality. A major limitation in existing methods is the security problems which lead to decrease in the integrity of digital watermarking scheme. With that problem, the definite optimization problems (variant problems) cannot be resolved using genetic algorithms. To focus on the above mentioned problems, the proposed work uses two approaches. Chaotic Iterative Process encryption scheme is used to solve the security problems for watermarking image. Next, the optimal feature points can be chosen from the watermarked image by Modified version of Peak Signal Noise Ratio (MPSNR). MPSNR is based on the enhanced quality measurement of which point opposes the predefined and undefined attacks. With those two approaches the PSO algorithm is employed as a search strategy for identifying an optimal feature subset. The experimental results illustrates that comparing with various well-known feature-based techniques, the proposed method shows better performance in robust and more secure digital watermarking.

Fragile watermarking using finite field trigonometrical transforms

Due to the rise in many industrial environment applications involving distributed networked collaborative intelligent measurement systems, intelligent monitoring and multi-sensor information exchange of private information, digital image information security and hidden image authentication, tampering detection, correction, and automatic intelligent self-recovery have become critical concerns. Towards that end, there is a need for more secure, efficient, and robust-to-unauthorized-tampering digital image watermarking, information hiding and authentication schemes. In our prior work, we introduced non-blind watermarking schemes where the carrier and watermark images are available at the receiver's end. We also proposed a double-blind scheme where both the carrier and the watermark images are not available at the receiver's end, but at the expense of possible lower pixel tampering, authentication and automatic intelligent self-correction ability. This paper proposes a blind wavelet-based, high capacity, secure digital watermarking and information hiding scheme with higher tampering localization and authentication that nullifies the need to have the carrier image available at the receiving end. The proposed scheme also increases robustness to image authentication and automatic self-recovery and correction compared to our prior double-blind scheme. The scheme is high capacity and sustains hiding secret hidden and watermarking images of the same full size as an arbitrary-sized carrier image. One of the benefits of the blind watermarking scheme is that it allows usage of varying and arbitrary carrier images that are unknown and unavailable anywhere, including the receiver's end. This is to prevent hackers' recognition of a familiar carrier image and their potential unauthorized tampering. Here, in this paper, two grayscale images are inserted in a colored carrier image. Here the watermark image is used for authentication and tamper localization. The second image is used as ownership or encoded secret hidden message image. The Arnolds Transform is used to introduce added security to a hidden image. The proposed scheme uses an embedded correction matrices mechanism for the extracted hidden information self-recovery from various tampering and digital attacks by unauthorized hackers.

We present a new scheme for digital watermarking and secure copyright protection of digital images using non-negative matrix factorization and singular value de-composition approaches. The proposed method improves the performance of the data embedding system effectively, and it is resistant to a variety of intentional attacks and normal visual processes. The experimental results clearly illustrate the much improved performance of the proposed watermarking methodology in comparison with existing techniques.

Fragile watermarking is a technology for detecting manipulations in an image, such as the digital signature in cryptography. However, the classification of attacks is not fixed in the security evaluation of existing fragile watermarking schemes, although many schemes have been proposed. In this paper, typical fragile watermarking schemes using a public key cryptosystem are evaluated from the viewpoint of a practical watermarking service. In this evaluation, nine attacks on watermarked images are defined and are classified as: watermarked image attacks, similar to cipher text attacks in cryptography; known original image attacks, similar to known plain text attacks; chosen original image attacks, similar to chosen plain text attacks. We show that the existing schemes are not secure against all attacks and propose a new scheme that is secure against such. attacks and useful for a practical watermarking service.

Today, the Internet is a worldwide broadcasting capability, a mechanism for information dissemination and a medium for collaboration and interaction between individuals and their computers without regard for geographic location. With the rapid evolution of digital networks, digital libraries and World Wide Web (WWW) services, the convenient broadcasting or exposition of digital products on the global network leads easily to illegal copying, modifying and retransmission. The Internet has spawned many copyright issues involving multimedia content distribution. Let’s say an owner would like to sell or distribute a work to legal/registered users only. If the work were subsequently copied/redistributed illegally, how could the owner find who was responsible? Cryptographic techniques provide an effective solution for securing the delivery process and controlling the use of the contents that an user has obtained. However, with flawless transmission through the network, the contents after decryption are exactly the same as the original data. The contents can be copied perfectly infinite times. A user can also manipulate the contents. Digital watermarking (Arnold, Schmucker, & Wolthusen, 2003; Katzenbeisser & Petitcolas, 2000) offers a way to counter copyright piracy on global networks that are not solvable by cryptography. It provides proof and tracking capabilities to illegal copying and distribution of multimedia information. Most existing digital watermarking schemes are based on some assumptions for watermark detection and extraction. Some schemes require the previous knowledge of watermark locations, strengths or some thresholds. In some algorithms, the watermark is estimated with the help of the original watermark information. To ensure the robustness and invisibility of the watermark, the optimum embedding locations are usually different for different images. For a large image database, it could be a disadvantage to require watermark location and strength information for watermark detection and extraction. A large amount of information then needs to be stored. On the Internet, an owner would like to distribute multimedia data by signing different watermarks to different users in order to prevent illegal redistribution of the data by a legal user. In this scenario, watermark detection and extraction algorithms requiring information of either watermark embedding locations and strengths or the original watermark should fail, since one does not know exactly which watermark is embedded in a particular copy of the watermarked image. To this end, we present a new blind watermarking scheme (Yu, Sattar, & Ma, 2002; Yu & Sattar, 2003, 2005) based on Independent Component Analysis (ICA) (Hyvarinen, 1999; Hyvärinen & Oja, 1999; Lee, 1998) for color images, which can overcome existing problems of watermark detection and extraction as described above. The new ICA-based scheme is found to be efficient in the application of data tracking/tracing for multimedia distribution through the Internet against other digital watermarking schemes. By adopting this ICA-based watermarking scheme, an efficient multimedia distribution framework/protocol for copyright protection can be accomplished. This article is organized as follows: The watermark embedding and extraction algorithms for color image watermarking using the new ICA-based scheme are presented next, followed by a discussion and comments on the results, security issues, summary and future works.

Today, the Internet is a worldwide broadcasting capability, a mechanism for information dissemination and a medium for collaboration and interaction between individuals and their computers without regard for geographic location. With the rapid evolution of digital networks, digital libraries and World Wide Web (WWW) services, the convenient broadcasting or exposition of digital products on the global network leads easily to illegal copying, modifying and retransmission. The Internet has spawned many copyright issues involving multimedia content distribution. Let’s say an owner would like to sell or distribute a work to legal/registered users only. If the work were subsequently copied/redistributed illegally, how could the owner find who was responsible? Cryptographic techniques provide an effective solution for securing the delivery process and controlling the use of the contents that an user has obtained. However, with flawless transmission through the network, the contents after decryption are exactly the same as the original data. The contents can be copied perfectly infinite times. A user can also manipulate the contents. Digital watermarking (Arnold, Schmucker, & Wolthusen, 2003; Katzenbeisser & Petitcolas, 2000) offers a way to counter copyright piracy on global networks that are not solvable by cryptography. It provides proof and tracking capabilities to illegal copying and distribution of multimedia information. Most existing digital watermarking schemes are based on some assumptions for watermark detection and extraction. Some schemes require the previous knowledge of watermark locations, strengths or some thresholds. In some algorithms, the watermark is estimated with the help of the original watermark information. To ensure the robustness and invisibility of the watermark, the optimum embedding locations are usually different for different images. For a large image database, it could be a disadvantage to require watermark location and strength information for watermark detection and extraction. A large amount of information then needs to be stored. On the Internet, an owner would like to distribute multimedia data by signing different watermarks to different users in order to prevent illegal redistribution of the data by a legal user. In this scenario, watermark detection and extraction algorithms requiring information of either watermark embedding locations and strengths or the original watermark should fail, since one does not know exactly which watermark is embedded in a particular copy of the watermarked image. To this end, we present a new blind watermarking scheme (Yu, Sattar, & Ma, 2002; Yu & Sattar, 2003, 2005) based on Independent Component Analysis (ICA) (Hyvarinen, 1999; Hyvärinen & Oja, 1999; Lee, 1998) for color images, which can overcome existing problems of watermark detection and extraction as described above. The new ICA-based scheme is found to be efficient in the application of data tracking/tracing for multimedia distribution through the Internet against other digital watermarking schemes. By adopting this ICA-based watermarking scheme, an efficient multimedia distribution framework/protocol for copyright protection can be accomplished. This article is organized as follows: The watermark embedding and extraction algorithms for color image watermarking using the new ICA-based scheme are presented next, followed by a discussion and comments on the results, security issues, summary and future works.

The users of networks are increasing rapidly due to increase in growth of internet. There is always a concern among owners of the digital products about illegal copying of their products. Important issues in multimedia applications and services today are Security and copyright protection. Digital watermarking is a technology used for copyright protection of images videos etc. that is stored on internet. Here own right information data called watermark is embedded into the digital media without affecting the perceptual quality of video. In case if any dispute arises, it is possible to detect or extract the watermark data from the media and it can be used as an ownership proof. Digital video watermarking scheme is based on Discrete Wavelet Transform and Singular Value Decomposition. Design of this scheme using Matlab is proposed. Embedded watermark is robust against various attacks that can be carried out on the watermarked video.

Fragile watermarking is designed to protect content integrity of digital data, meaning to detect any change in the content as well as localize areas that have been changed. In this paper, we propose a fragile watermarking scheme, which embeds dual watermarks (one is naturally fragile and the other is actually robust) in JPEG-2000 compressed images with ROI (region of interest) selection. In this scheme, the fragile watermark is embedded in ROI coefficients at the first decomposition layer, while the robust watermark embedded in ROB (region of backgrounds) coefficients at the third decomposition layer. The combinational working of them is not only capable of detecting malicious changes precisely and flexibly but also estimating the degree of alteration to discriminate intended attacks from unintended ones (e.g., such normal image processing as compression, low-pass filtering, sharpening, etc). Experiments show that our functionally fragile watermarking scheme is scalable in view of detecting attack's intension as well as accuracy in localizing the tampered areas.

Digital watermarking provides the solution for problems such as copyright and authentication in today’s digital world of communication. Trustworthy watermarking techniques should provide the protection for rightful ownership, robustness and resist against attacks such as filtering and modification. In this paper, we proposed an efficient watermarking scheme based on singular value decomposition (SVD) and quantum Hilbert image scrambling. In the proposed watermarking scheme, first watermark is scrambled using quantum Hilbert image scrambling then perform alpha blending on scrambled watermark and SVD transformed cover image followed by alpha mixing operation. Finally, perform SVD operation of the generated signal; after alpha blending operation, we get watermarked image. The experimental results show strength of the proposed technique in terms of the robustness and security. Performance of the proposed scheme is tested on different image quality parameters of watermarked and host image. These are peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), mean square error (MSE) and normalized cross-correlation (NCC), average difference (AD), maximum difference (MD), and structural contents (SC).KeywordsSingular value decompositionWatermarkQuantum Hilbert image scramblingSteganography

In this paper, a wavelet based scheme for digital image watermarking is presented. This proposed scheme inserts two watermarks in an image which serves two different purposes. The first one is inserted using blind watermarking technique while second one acts as fragile watermark. As it is blind watermarking technique, there is no need of original image at the time of watermark extraction. The insertion of watermark is based on selection of suitable coefficients which are obtained after applying two-level wavelet decomposition. The result produced by this watermarking scheme is good as compared to conventional watermarking techniques.

Abstract. At present, medical equipment provides often 3D models of scanning organs instead of ordinary 2D images. This concept is supported by Digital Imaging and COmmunications in Medicine (DICOM) standard available for telemedicine. This means that the confidential information under transmission ought to be protected by special techniques, particularly digital watermarking scheme instead of textual informative files represented, for example, on CD disks. We propose a multilevel protection, for which a fragile watermark is the first level of protection. The Region Of Interest (ROI) watermark and textual watermarks with information about patient and study (the last ones can be combines as a single textual watermark) form the second level of protection. Encryption of the ROI and textual watermarks using Arnold’s transform is the third level of protection. In the case of 3D models, we find the ROI in each of 2D sliced images, apply the digital wavelet transform or digital shearlet transform (depending on the volume of watermarks) for the ROI and textual watermarks embedding, and embed a fragile watermark using digital Hadamard transform. The main task is to find the relevant regions for embedding. To this and, we develop the original algorithm for selecting relevant regions. The obtained results confirm the robustness of our approach for rotation, scaling, translation, and JPEG attacks.

This paper presents a new technique for copyright protection and content authentication of satellite images. The novelty in the presented approach consists in designing a hybrid Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and hash function based digital image watermarking. In this study, two watermarks are embedded in the cover image called robust copyright watermark and fragile authentication watermark. The robust watermark is embedded in hybrid frequency and wavelet domain by applying DWT and DCT respectively. Such two steps embedding allows the proposed approach to provide better imperceptibility in harmony with the human visual system and offers higher robustness against signal processing attacks. Subsequently, the fragile watermark is embedded in a spatial domain using the hash function approach. The proposed hybrid watermarking technique has been tested on DubaiSat-2 images with 1 meter resolution. The experimental results show that the proposed method is robust against JPEG compression, rotation and resizing attacks. In addition, the multi-watermarked image has a good transparency and the fragile watermark is sensitive to any tampering.

Recently, works are completely based on the internet, so authentication is required to protect the content of the data because owner never wants to degrade the quality of his data. Information hiding via digital watermarks for the multimedia data is the compatible way to provide the protection of data. Watermarks are imperceptible and it is predefined pattern inserting into multimedia data to protect or authenticity. The watermark indicates that data is containing a copyright or not. Many digital watermarking algorithms have been proposed in spatial and transform domain. The performance of the digital watermarking schemes is evaluated as tradeoffs between images embedded on it, robustness against attacks and embedding induced distortions. This work provides Digital image watermarking using Fractional Fourier transform via image compression for better results comparatively previous techniques of information hiding.

This article proposes a stereo vision based digital watermarking scheme that uses regularized feature-based disparity estimation for copyright protection of stereo content. The watermark data are embedded into the right image of a stereo image using the discrete wavelet transform algorithm, and a disparity vector is extracted from the left and watermarked right images. The disparity vector and the left image are then transmitted to the recipient through a communication channel. At the receiver, the watermarked right image is reconstructed from the received left image and disparity vector by employing regularized feature-based disparity estimation. From the difference between the watermarked and original right images, the embedded watermark image can then be extracted. From experiments using the stereo image pair of "Fichier," "Tunnel," and watermark data of "3D," it was found that the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) of the reconstructed right image through the proposed algorithm can be improved by an average of 3.61 dB compared to those of a conventional algorithm. At the same time, the PSNR of the watermark image extracted from this reconstructed right image can also be improved by an average of 2.36 dB when the Quantizer Scale is given as 20.