A dinâmica dos símbolos como poética transcultural

Robotics has been supplemented by the growing body of techniques associated with formal languages. One remaining challenge for bottom-up formal methods is to provide effective abstractions to their top-down counterparts in order to achieve a seamless integration. This paper describes our efforts to tackle this challenge in the domain of spatial behavior. Our general goal is to understand principles involved in the formation of hierarchic representations that can greatly simplify the control and planning tasks. We propose that this hierarchy be built from the bottom-up according to formal language principles, while incorporating principles from dynamical systems theory. The general idea is that relevant interactions between the agent's dynamics, task and environment are manifested as patterns. Compared to other approaches these patterns are not based on abstract, high-level constructs but convey a form of meaning that inherently ties the system's dynamics, environment and task characteristics. Understanding the natural principles underlying hierarchic organization of behavior is a fundamental step toward developing formal languages dealing with dynamical systems. It can be applied to help understand spatial intelligence and eventually help design more versatile and adaptive agents.

Climate change will have significant impacts on all aspects of human society, including population movements. In some cases, populations will be displaced by natural disasters and sudden-onset climate events, such as tropical storms. In other cases, climate change will gradually influence the economic, social, and political realities of a place, which will in turn influence how and where people migrate. Planning for the wide spectrum of future climate-related mobility is a key challenge facing development planners and policy makers. This article reviews the state of climate-related migration forecasting models, based on an analysis of thirty recent models. We present the key characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses of different modeling approaches, including gravity, radiation, agent-based, systems dynamics and statistical extrapolation models, and consider five illustrative models in depth. We show why, at this stage of development, forecasting models are not yet able to provide reliable numerical estimates of future climate-related migration. Rather, models are best used as tools to consider a range of possible futures, to explore systems dynamics, to test theories or potential policy effects. We consider the policy and research implications of our findings, including the need for improved migration data collection, enhanced interdisciplinary collaboration, and scenarios-based planning.

We propose an object-oriented logical formalism to conceptionally model applications in an interoperable environment. Such an environment consists of heterogeneous and autonomous local (database) systems. Applications in such an environment use several resources and services. Their conceptual modelling involves re-specification of existing systems in terms of homogeneous views, modelling of behavior and system dynamics, modelling of logically distributed components in an open environment and the modelling of communication relationships and dependencies between components. We introduce a formal object-oriented language capable of dealing with these requirements and illustrate its use to model applications in an interoperable environment.

Topicality. Modern economic science pays much attention to the issue of social development. However, development is not necessarily accompanied by economic growth - on the contrary, it can create imbalances, disproportions, and conflicts. This is partly caused by poor understanding of the nature and patterns of development. Gaps in research of the logical and epistemological fundamentals of the development concept lead to the formation of erroneous methodological approaches and decision-making based on them that do not meet the requirements of the modern complex, dynamic, non-linear world. Aim and tasks. To investigate the universality of development theories and the possibility of their application to the study of complex economic systems; to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of metaphysical, dialectical and synergetic concepts of development; to review empirical cases of organization, self-organization and development of economic structures. Materials and methods. General scientific methods of research, in particular, logical-historical, systemic-structural, empirical, comparative, theoretical generalization and synthetic evaluations, are used. The theoretical basis of the study is the classical works of famous philosophers and methodologists, such as N. Condorcet, G. Hegel, F. Engels, K. Popper, H. Haken, I. Prigogine. Research results. In the article the main philosophical concepts of development are analyzed and the possibilities of their application to the study of economic systems are investigated. The article reviews the origins of ideas concerning development in the philosophy of ancient thinkers - Hesiod, Heraclitus, Aristotle; ideas of New Age progress theory representatives - A. Turgot, G. Vico, N. Condorcet, T. Hobbes, W. Godwin. The contradictory, progressive and regressive nature of development is revealed in terms of G. Hegel's dialectic. A critical analysis of the basic ideas of materialist dialectic is carried out. The framework for applying the dialectical principle to the study of economic development is defined. A comparative study of the dialectical and synergetic theories of development is conducted. The methodological potential of synergetics and complex systems theory for the study of innovative economic development is analyzed. With the help of empirical cases, it is demonstrated how the basic ideas of dialectics and synergetics are applied in the process of development of macro- and microeconomic systems. Conclusion. The article demonstrates the link between philosophical concepts of development and modern theories of self-organization and complex systems. Application of dialectical principle in economic science has its limitations. Hegel's dialectic is an alternative technique that explains the variability of the world, its constant motion and development, but not as a new logical method. If we reject the dialectic's claims to universality, then it can be used as a descriptive theory that explains certain typical developmental processes. In terms of synergetics, it is possible to explain the development of complex open systems in dynamics, such as economic systems. The categories of order, chaos, self-organization, order parameters, bifurcation, and phase transitions can be used as tools for analyzing economic processes. However, it is important to understand that there is no universal, absolute method of studying social reality in its development, so integration and methodological diversity based on a constant increase in knowledge are crucial.

The authors have derived formal expressions for the positive muon depolarization functions using an iterative procedure both for the longitudinal and transverse experimental geometries. They are valid at least in the motional narrowing limit and at small time. They have used formal expressions to study the depolarization functions for a muon diffusing in a lattice of nuclear dipoles neglecting the possibility of the muon returning to its original localization site. This work indicates that the effect of the spin dynamics on the depolarization functions is important at low fields for both geometries. In the case of the longitudinal geometry it is shown that a second-order iteration formula and the strong collision model with the numerically exact static function give the same result when the muon jumping rate is large enough. This has two important consequences: (i) when the muon jumping rate is sufficiently large it is possible to calculate the whole depolarization function with a modest numerical effort using the iterative formula; and (ii) the fact that the two methods give the same result in the fast diffusing limit shows that the strong collision model with the exact static function contains all the dynamics; the spin-lattice relaxation (T1 process) is included.

Through an analysis of the marriage process in the Bambara communities of Sana Province in Mali, marriage and its associated prestations are shown to constitute a social universe that not only reflects but also helps to reorder social reality. Eschewing the jural approach in favor of one that contextualizes social phenomena such as bridewealth, the article demonstrates that changes in the creation of marriage alliances and the composition of prestations relate to transformations in the very dynamics of the social system.

Current studies pay particular attention to the cultural vagueness of national art. In the context of globalization and intercultural integration, it is traditional art that should become the foundation for the development of national identity. Observations on the indistinctness of traditions and style features of folk dances are also relevant for the contemporary dance art of Slobozhanshchyna. The study of dance canon enables you to «read» folk dance and describe its symbolic system in the performing arts, preserving regional features and promoting the elevation of regional identification.The aim of the paper is to analyze of the specific features of the formation of dance canon of folk dances of Slobozhanshchyna and their conceptualization.Research methodology is based on the use of general scientific methods: analysis and generalization of the scientific and theoretical bases of research, comparative and historical methods.Results. Dance codes in Slobozhanshchyna differed in its various parts and were based on the characteristic features of folk dances that were distributed in different parts of the region. The folk dance with towels highlighted the influence of Ukrainian culture. The triangle, formed from a towel, completely reproduced the image of a towel placed in the house above the icons. This position was a symbol of man as a source of communication, reflecting the essence of interethnic communication within Slobozhanshchyna. Among the most common features of dance drawings, characteristic of folk dances, are the tendencies in changing the direction of movement during the performance of dance in a circle. It was typical to use two parallel lines in the spatial composition of the dance. The use of such a composite element was based on the tradition of performing the song that is sung “on two choirs”, which was distributed throughout Slobozhanshchyna.Novelty. The position and role of the dance canon of folk dances of Slobozhanshchyna are identified. The basis of the dance canon is formed by the foundations of the compositional construction, the specific character of the performance of the basic dance movements and the ways of the embodiment of non-mainstream music. The specific features of the canon of folk dance of Slobozhanshchyna include the preservation of a closed composite construction; closed triangular dance patterns, the use of «gates» and «bridges», and a change in the direction of movement; the appearance of accents in the performance of typical movements of Ukrainian folk dance; sharp torso bends to the side or forward.The practical significance. The paper may be of a particular interest to the specialists in folk choreography.

The increasing complexity associated with many modern engineering applications, including autonomous robot guidance and navigation, process control in sensor-rich environments, and control of biological systems, has far-reaching implications for control system design. As an example, reactive, embedded software systems, interacting among themselves and remote users over communication networks, introduce a whole new set of system-level challenges, and classic control design objectives such as stability, performance, and robustness are being complemented with a number of new questions. These include the cost of hardware implementation, measured for example not only by computational requirements such as speed and memory, but also by communication requirements such as available communication bandwidth. Moreover, the complexity associated with specifying the control procedures and with verifying the behavior of the closed-loop system increasingly plays a fundamental role, especially in safety-critical control systems arising in energy and transportation networks, and in medical applications.

General Background Contemporary Iraqi painting has evolved through continuous dialogue between inherited artistic traditions and modern aesthetic discourses shaped by social and cultural change. Specific Background Iraqi artists employ form, symbolism, and compositional structures to negotiate identity, modernity, and visual expression within a shifting historical context. Knowledge Gap Despite extensive discussions on Iraqi modern art, limited studies have systematically examined aesthetic form as a central interpretative axis connecting visual structure and cultural meaning. Aims This study aims to analyze aesthetic form in contemporary Iraqi painting and interpret its role in articulating modern artistic identity. Results The findings demonstrate that aesthetic form functions not merely as a visual arrangement but as a symbolic system reflecting social realities, cultural memory, and artistic adaptation. Novelty This research offers an integrated interpretative perspective that positions aesthetic form as a key mediator between tradition and modernity in Iraqi painting. Implications The study contributes theoretically to modern art discourse and provides a contextual framework for future analyses of contemporary Arab visual art. Keywords: Contemporary Iraqi Art, Aesthetic Form, Modern Painting, Visual Symbolism, Cultural Identity Key Findings Highlights: Aesthetic form represents cultural adaptation within contemporary Iraqi painting Visual structures embody dialogue between tradition and modern artistic expression Symbolic forms reflect social and historical realities in Iraqi modern art

Hegemony theory and the notion of cultural reproduction have engaged the attention of feminists for a number of reasons. The first of these is the perceived shortcomings of contemporary Marxism. The most significant of these is the transformation of structural dialectics to an ideological structuralism, a mode of thought which has tended to obliterate historical action in theoretical abstractions, a process trenchantly analysed in E.P. Thompson’s critique of Althusser.1 Structuralism has also tended to obliterate women and grant to language an epistemological primacy which fails to notice the masculinist bias of all symbolic systems. Secondly, the fixation on class structure in the positivist mode, which we find in the “correspondence theory” of Bowles and Gintis,2 for example, leaves little room for serious analysis of the significance for educational practice of other social realities. This provokes the strategy which I have called elsewhere “commatization”, in which social activities related to race comma gays comma gender comma are simply added to class, with no attempt to analyse the actual relations and differentiation of cross-class movement of a progressive kind.3 A third area of concern is the analysis of state power.4 All of these have significant impact on education at many levels.

In school, children with Down syndrome have historically been separated from literacy opportunities and expectations. In this ethnography, the school literacy experiences of 10 students with Down syndrome were examined over a 2-year period. Two broad definitions of literacy were uncovered. The first regarded reading as conformity to a hierarchy of psychologically-deduced sub-skills. Children with Down syndrome had difficulty conforming and were separated from Citizenship in the classrooms' literate communities. The second definition regarded literacy as the construction of shared meaning in specific contexts. In these classrooms, students with Down syndrome were valued as symbolic beings and engaged literacy as a communication tool. The implications for reconceptualizing Down syndrome are discussed. © 1998 The Council for Exceptional Children.

The vision of the ‘rural’ in Indian literary and aesthetic traditions is significant for a critical interpretation of literary and cultural texts emerging from India. This article presents a critical reading of select short stories of the Bharatiya Jnanpith Award recipient Tarasankar Bandyopadhyay (1898–1971) in the context of rural writings. Having spent most of his life in Birbhum, Bandyopadhyay internalized the peculiarities of rural Bengal in his stories. Bandyopadhyay’s visualizations of the rural transcend conventional notions, weaving a rich, earthy texture that construct an artistic and symbolic system of language and images drawn from everyday life. The conceptual framework of the present research is supported by the theory of literary carnivalization proposed by the Russian thinker Mikhail Bakhtin (1895–1975). The short stories of Bandyopadhyay might be read in the light of the social realism that weaves elements of ‘grotesqueness’ into the pastorality of rural landscapes. Through close readings of two stories; ‘Tarini Majhi’ (1936) and ‘Santan’ (1938), the study explores certain facets of rural life, highlighting the visceral interplay between survival and crisis. The select stories encapsulate the rich and multifaceted world of Bandyopadhyay’s Birbhum which are at once sensuous, artistic and eccentric, offering profound insights into the lived experiences of its characters. Bakhtin’s concepts of the idyllic and the grotesque in his discussions of Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics (1984) and Rabelais and His World (1984) provide the conceptual basis to the present research on Bandyopadhyay’s stories. This study aims to creatively understand aesthetics of the ‘rural’, positioning Bandyopadhyay’s short fiction as a critical space to reimagine the literary representation of rural India and its enduring complexities.