A French Perspective on the Language Career of Research Professionals

Mayrhofer, U., Management of Multinational Companies: A French Perspective, Palgrave Macmillan, 2013 1 A Capsule Summary of the Book and Its Review Management of Multinational Companies: A French Perspective is the collaborative work of junior and senior researchers from IAE Lyon (Jean Moulin Lyon 3 University). At the same time, it is the English version of Le management des firmes multinationales, published in 2011 at Editions Magnard-Vuibert. Edited by Ulrike Mayrhofer, Professor of Management at IAE Lyon, this volume treats questions of how Multinational Companies (MNCs) deal with increasing complexity and rapid changes in today's global economy. While these aspects are relevant for any MNC, this book adds a contextual perspective, particularly focusing on French multinationals and MNCs operating in France. This combination reflects the authors' awareness "that the management of MNCs remains highly contextualized, and that it is necessary to renew concepts and tools likely to guide managers" (p. xvii). It thus grants insights into current challenges of international management as well as into the often-omitted group of French global players. This review is supposed to provide the information and critique necessary for judging the adequacy, usefulness and value of the proposed object of investigation-the modern MNC--and the French perspective on it. 2 Objective and Targeted Audience As stated in Alan Rugman's foreword and Ulrike Mayrhofer's introduction, it is the declared goal of this book to analyze the nature, strategies, practices and future plans of multinational companies active in the French economy. Focusing on the MNC as the central unit of analysis, this volume aims at putting forward an object of study that has not yet attracted exuberant attention in French academic research. It is the main objective of this book to fill this gap by providing empirically grounded insights from a variety of corporate contexts. The targeted audience is not explicitly stated. However, due to its "French perspective" and interest in MNCs' strategies and practices, Management of Multinational Companies addresses all those studying international management (IM) with special interest in France. By means of its contextual perspective, cross-cultural management students and researchers are equally targeted. Compared to its prior French edition, the English version of this "'journey' to the heart of French MNCs and foreign MNCs located in France" (p. 248) makes its reflections accessible to an even larger audience. 3 Structure and Contents Management of Multinational Companies: A French perspective starts with a foreword by Alan Rugman and an introduction by the editor, Ulrike Mayrhofer. The main part of the book contains three chapters of approximately the same length: part I discusses New challenges of Multinational Companies in a Rapidly Changing Global Environment, part II contains articles regarding The Complexity of International Management: Headquarters-Subsidiaries Relationships, and part III focuses on Management of Multiple Partnerships Formed By Multinational Companies. Each of those parts contains five contributions. The compilation ends with a conclusion also written by Ulrike Mayrhofer, the editor. 3.1 Part I The first part of the book focuses on the new challenges MNCs face in today's global economy. It deals with a variety of meta-trends (e.g. diversified geographic expansion, fragmentation of the value-chain, the rise of new MNCs etc.) and the consequential need for persistent organizational (re-)configuration. Thus, this part connects the subsequent contributions focusing on MNCs in France (part II and III) with existing research on MNCs and their regional nature: Chapter 1 by the editor, Ulrike Mayrhofer, discusses the ontological question "What is the nature of MNCs?", their role in the context of economic globalization as well as the (evolution) of managerial coping and internationalization strategies. …

Social Change and Binominality in the Eleventh Century – a French perspective. – The paper treats the spread of second names in the eleventh century France and its underlying causes on the basis of sources from the counties of Anjou and Maine in Western. Previous research has focused mostly on toponymical surnames of nobles and seen them as a part of the “mutation féodale” and connected changes in noble family structure. An examination of the sources, however, reveals the importance of the urban population in the development of surnames. After the presentation of some examples of naming in charters and a section on sobriquets, individual variations and the inheritance of surnames are discussed. The second part of the papers treats the sobriquets of the counts of Anjou and Maine in the tenth and eleventh century and the discussion of their meaning in near contemporary texts. It is shown that the sobriquets appear only in the course of the eleventh century and are only contemporary for the counts after 1060. The increasing use of surnames appears to be the result of two coinciding developments of densification: The first is the growth of the (urban) population, the second is an increasing genealogical interest in the families of princes, leading to the creation of genealogies and historiography centered on princely families. Both of these changes resulted in an increasing desire to differentiate individuals bearing the same (first) name.

‘Nothing’s new, only forgotten’, Marie Antoinette’s milliner used to say. One could say the same about the tendency towards increasing integration of the financial markets.

The debates on euthanasia and assisted suicide (EAS) are topical in Europe. The extension of EAS for psychiatric reasons, already legalized in some countries, raises ethical and clinical issues, given the proximity between suicidal patients and patients who request or have accessed EAS. How can ESA be reconciled with the promotion of suicide prevention, which kills nearly 10,000 people per year in France? We will raise here several key questions that deserve a clear answer before considering going further in the social debates: how to ensure the irreversibility of psychological suffering? how to ensure that patients requesting EAS have full decision-making capacity? how to judge therapeutic futility? It seems crucial to protect the most vulnerable patients by ensuring that psychiatry benefits from scientific progress and can offer new solutions to suffering patients.Thes issues will be discussed viewing the proposed law on EAS in France, which is supposed to come in February 2024…Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Novel strategies in liver graft preservation-The French perspective.

Purpose MGD in children is a common pathology. Many clinical forms need to be recognized, from mild to severe, with classical features of chalazia and blepharitis or more unusual the sight‐threatening ocular rosacea.Methods Ocular rosacea in children, secondary to severe MGD, is probably underdiagnosed meanwhile it induces major ocular discomfort. The treatment aims to eyelid hygiene, anti‐inflammatory treatment and topical steroid sparing.Results Place of heat therapy with innovative steamed goggles, topical azithromycin and topical cyclosporine with analyze of literature and clinical cases, is discussed. The French prospective clinical study performed was useful to evaluate the interest of each treatment.Conclusion Further studies with more patients are needed to a better understanding of the severe MGD. Ocular rosacea in children should be recognized early and to avoid steroid dependence and complications. Eyelid hygiene, topical anti‐inflammatory and topical cyclosporin are essential in MGD treatment for a better quality of life of the children and their parents. Commercial interest

Legal classification in the digital realm is inherently complex, and the emergence of DAOs introduces a host of legal uncertainties. This chapter delves into the intricate task of legally classifying DAOs. To grasp the unique attributes of DAOs, it is imperative to understand the economic and legal environment in which they operate. This chapter aims to dissect, through the lens of French law, the various legal approaches to DAOs. The analysis unfolds in two parts: firstly, providing an overview of current regulations applicable to DAOs, and secondly, contemplating the legal framework for their future. Given the flexibility they offer in governance and the simplicity they imbue in operation, DAOs are poised to become pivotal legal and economic entities in the times ahead.

The Military and Political Contradictions of the Suez Affair: A French Perspective

Fighting terrorism is not a recent concern for French authorities. The history of terrorist attacks goes back to the mid nineteenth century and the current legislation is the outcome of a 20 years’ evolution that started in 1986. This explains why the general framework was not substantially reformed following 9/11. This chapter points out the achievement of France’s having managed to provide antiterrorism services with effective enforcement tools without departing from the European Convention on Human Rights. France has so far been able to curb the temptation to resort to extra-judiciary management of terrorism. Nonetheless, aside of its achievements, the French system carries substantial weaknesses. Since 9/11, the French government has noticeably strengthened the apparatus and there are reasons to suspect that the necessity to set up effective counterterrorism legislation has been exploited by the Executive and security forces to provide police services with coercive and intrusive powers enforceable far beyond the fight against terrorism. Furthermore, the check and balance of counterterrorism policy is deeply impaired. Even if egregious violations of civil liberties remain isolated, the whole counterterrorism system carries a threat for human rights that cannot be neglected; it often leaves the protection of fundamental rights to police officers and investigating magistrates’ consciousness and fails to provide appropriate controls.

P50 Competing Risk and Multistate Model Compared to Partitioned Survival Model in Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

This exploratory research focuses on how mainstream media apprehends religion in the workplace in the specific French socio-cultural and ideological framing through the media coverage analysis of the French Observatory of Religious Phenomenon in Organization’s annual survey, published in September 2018. Findings reveal that media operates with a meaning of religion still subject to a conception of laicitythat corroborate antagonism between science and religion onthe one hand, and, secularization as an indicator of transition from traditional society to modern society on the other hand. Managers and companies implicitly use a more elastic meaning, in accordance with the specificities of the workplace and labor market that has integrated a more deinstitutionalizing vision of religion, in the context of the emergence of new religious representations in touch with alternative spiritualities.

This chapter overviews the most salient aspects of arms proliferation in the Middle East, and assesses the measures which have been proposed to deal with it. It focuses on the France's approach to the problem. On conventional weaponry, the importance of weapons transfers to the French military industry is well-known and hardly needs to be restated. The notion of restraint on such transfers is not entirely new in France, given its brief participation with the US and the UK in the ill-fated Near East Arms Coordinating Committee under the Tripartite Declaration. The issue of ballistic missiles has of course become even more salient after the Gulf War. France is one of the seven original adherents to the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) guidelines, and in spite of some occasional quibbles with the United States, the French have undertaken the role of permanent contact point for the expanding number of MTCR states.

Anesthesia is a three-step process: preoperative evaluation, the intervention itself and postanesthetic care. In France, this scheme has been legally regulated since 1994. Since then, significant progress has been made in terms of safety. Nevertheless, challenges in the delivery and financing of anesthesia services persist; in particular, demographic (patients and medical staff, as in other western countries), budgetary and organizational restrictions. The poor efficiency (i.e. low utilization rate) of operating sites remains problematic. Results of published surveys yield the same observations: low productivity (anesthesia personnel present and paid but insufficiently occupied with mean occupied-time rate of approximately 60%), absence or poor planning and inadequate risk management. The failure to define policies to obtain better distribution of anesthesiologists throughout the country and to optimize operating-suite use are major barriers. In addition, the appropriate composition of anesthesia teams, for example nurses and physicians, for specific procedures remains undefined. Moreover, the number of anesthesia cases has grown constantly over the past 20 years, and in some situations they are not medically justified. Finally, pressure to increase productivity is becoming a potential threat to safety and deserves more discussion. Paths to improvement of delivery of anesthesia in France may include: more optimal sharing of medical resources; better utilization of operating sites, perhaps by consolidating and reducing locations; applying improved organizational skills; and improved risk management.

Investment in formal and informal empire is a significant factor in the construction of durable forms of imperial economic governance, and its social and cultural work is an important and understudied aspect of the European imperial experience. This chapter examines the petitioning and negotiating work of Haiti's French creditors in the nineteenth century to demonstrate how investors in the former colony engaged the French government in claims for official support and how their lobbying and mobilisation enjoined the state to work out the nature of its goals and responsibility in post-colonial economic relations. In practical terms, the Haitian loan helped institutionalise legal and political principles, as well as institutions like bondholder associations, that were foundational to France's economic imperialism throughout the nineteenth century. More broadly, through decades of letter writing, public meetings, and pamphlet and article publications, Haiti's creditors engaged themselves and the French public in processes of imagining and argumentation about the value of that imperialism. The amounts of money at stake were small from the French perspective. However, by placing these monetary exchanges in the context of the intense legal, political, and emotional mobilisation they generated, we can revive the complexity of economic decolonisation and retrieve their significant impact on the elaboration of a habitus of imperial extraction.

512 Measuring quality of the process of care in breast-cancer patients: a French perspective