A general framework for participatory budgeting with additional constraints

Resources management plays significant roles during the project management process. For the different types of project, which includes project, programme and portfolios, the methods implemented of resources management are various. Based on this background, this study aims to investigate the similarities and differences of implemented resources management strategies for different types of projects. To achieve the objective of this research, it is necessary to indicate the stages of resources management, and compare the collected information of the key points in each stage. There will also be an analysis of an in-module exercise, which provided an example to readers to have a comprehensive and clearly understanding of how the resources management works. The unique value of this research lies in the detailed illustration of the normal method of resources management and it also provided recommendations for project managers to improve their governance standards for project management (Alies, 2015).

Numerous software designs surpassed the budget and were even can celled before their implementation, whereas, others do fail in terms of the functionality delivered. Most of the systems that failed had risen from the dust binned because they were trying to develop nice systems without appreciating the needs of the organization or the more appropriate critical success factors (CSF) of the project. In this study is mainly aimed to identify and classified CSF in many types of software projects and to conduct the review of within the period of 2012-2023 the most important relevant publications about Critical success factors (CSF) in different types of projects. Collectively about 45 works appearing in leading global journals were chosen for bibliographic analysis. The cited paper has captured factors that are critical to the project success of most of in cap, whose incidence numbers are statistically averaged together based on the clustering into 14 categories of nexus link between CSFs and research. The significance of this work is mainly in the comprehension and classification of the factors critical to success in software projects, and in the paper itself in the enhancement of the development of academic discourse in the sphere of project management and it must also help the economists in doing the advancing in the given area.

This paper examines the cost structure of emissions abatement through different types of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects. Alternative models for abatement costs are specified and estimated using CDM project-specific data. Empirical results indicate that there exist economies of scale in emission abatement through the CDM projects, and that the marginal cost of abatement significantly varies across different types of projects. The distribution of various CDM project types corresponds to the relative attractiveness of the types, in terms of the structure of the estimated marginal cost function. Thus, empirical results suggest that the CDM market operates efficiently and sends the right signals to the investors, which further explains the shying away from costly carbon sequestration projects funded by many international development agencies, such as the World Bank. Contrary to the hypothesis that that the marginal costs of abatement through CDM decrease over time due to experience or learning by doing, empirical results show non-decreasing marginal cost of abatement over time. This finding suggests that there may be other incentives to invest in certain types of CDM projects in specific locations, thus implying location-specificity of various investment opportunities. While non-decreasing marginal cost of abatement over time implies a tougher prospect for CDM in future commitment periods, the current growth pattern of the CDM suggests that this flexibility provision of the Kyoto Protocol is still highly attractive for the host and investor countries.

A multivariate statistical framework for the analysis of software effort phase distribution

It has been largely researched what the factors which determine successful project management are. Most of the research show a huge dependency between project success and type of the projects in terms of size, industry, scope, market, etc. Much research analyze the type of project management and all specifics related to its application. This paper focuses on project management specifically for innovation projects as they are extremely different types of projects which require distinct project management approach. The purpose of the research is to determine the current state of art of the topic by revealing the research achievements in the science literature. The research applies a systematic literature analysis through a traditional approach as well as an advanced technique for digital systematic literature review so to reveal the current status of the state of art of the topic Project management for innovation projects. The systematic literature analysis went through 299 research papers from the Scopus database so to uncover the current accomplishment. The results are of interest to scientists and practitioners primarily from the management sciences, but are also extremely suitable for practitioners from any other industry related to innovation development.

Recently, through the development of online technology, civic crowdfunding has emerged as a way in which to connect citizens to community problems and projects. The growth and early success of the field underscores the importance of better understanding civic crowdfunding, how it works, and how it may impact local government. Through a mixed-methods design, this study investigates the growing field of civic crowdfunding in an effort to better understand what types of projects are proposed, where they are proposed, and why some civic crowdfunding proposals may be successful while others are not. Strengths and challenges of civic crowdfunding are discussed, as well as implications for participants, local government, and the growth of the field. The results highlight several different types of projects being proposed on civic crowdfunding platforms with the most prevalent being sustainability projects. These projects are generally low in cost, non-controversial, and visible within the proposing community. The results further reveal money and engagement to be the most important factors in determining project success. The lower the project goal, the more money raised, and the more individuals participating in a given campaign all have significant impacts on whether a project proposal achieves its funding goal. Finally, implications are discussed and ideas for future research are offered.

In this article, twenty-seven experience-centered industrial design projects leading to kansei representations were analyzed. Information was gathered from interviews with former project team members and from an analysis of the projects' final reports. All of the projects involved at least the Toyota Motor Europe - Kansei Design (TME-KD) division. Three types of projects were identified: “exploratory concept,” “product lining strategy,” and “pre-development direction.” For each project groups, the analysis detailed specificities in terms of context (purpose, design team members), design activities (information, generation, evaluation & decision, communication), and regarding the nature of their outputs (kansei representation) and the type of design information they conveyed. This led to a comparison of the different types of projects and a discussion about the kansei-related design information exchange in early design stages. A model of kansei-related design information based on these discussions is finally presented.

The paper substantiates the separation of the limits of the preliminary state audit of such subspecies as: preliminary audit of the draft main financial and planning document of the country – the State Budget of the country; preliminary audit of actual transactions in public funds and other state-owned property (and in some cases – public funds). To build the theoretical basis of the mechanism of preliminary state audit, its terminological components are formed, such as: budget debt, budget financial debt, future illegitimate debt, actual illegitimate debt, followed by their interpretation. In order to optimize the work on the preliminary audit of actual transactions, it is proposed to identify the following areas: preliminary audit of the use of public funds within the execution of the State budget (expenditures of the State budget); preliminary audit of the use of public funds within the implementation of the budget and plans for the use of budget funds (expenditures of budget managers and recipients of budget funds); preliminary audit of other state-owned property. It is justified that the preliminary audit of the use of public funds within the State Budget (State Budget expenditures) is most appropriate to actually carry out at the stage of cooperation between the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, as the organizer of the State Budget Execution Management, and the State Treasury Service of Ukraine. Within the specified direction the paper forms the mechanism of actions on check at the following stages: opening the allocations from the general fund of the state budget; opening the allocations at the expense of other receipts of the special fund of the state budget; implementation of certain state budget expenditures; implementation of costs for repayment and servicing the debt and guarantee obligations of the state; carrying out credit operations at the expense of the state budget. Preliminary audit of the use of public funds within the budget estimates and plans (expenditures of budget managers and recipients of budget funds) is logical, according to the general procedure of the budget process, to carry out at the stage of interaction of budget managers or budget recipients, on the one hand, and Treasury bodies – on the other hand. The established procedure includes the appropriate actions for inspection by the specialists of the Accounting Chamber at the stage of the expenditure procedure. The preliminary audit of other state-owned property is proposed to be carried out at the stage of its write-off from the balance sheet with the establishment of the relevant value limits of the property and in accordance with the proposed procedure.

EU-funded Project Management in the Context of Suppliers and Contractors Selection

Judgment aggregation is a field in which individuals are required to vote for or against a certain decision (the conclusion) while providing reasons for their choice. The reasons and the conclusion are logically connected propositions. The problem is how a collective judgment on logically interconnected propositions can be defined from individual judgments on the same propositions. It turns out that, despite the fact that the individuals are logically consistent, the aggregation of their judgments may lead to an inconsistent group outcome, where the reasons do not support the conclusion. However, in this paper we claim that collective irrationality should not be the only worry of judgment aggregation. For example, judgment aggregation would not reject a consistent combination of reasons and conclusion that no member voted for. In our view this may not be a desirable solution. This motivates our research about when a social outcome is `compatible' with the individuals' judgments. The key notion that we want to capture is that any individual member has to be able to defend the collective decision. This is guaranteed when the group outcome is compatible with its members views. Judgment aggregation problems are usually studied using classical propositional logic. However, for our analysis we use an argumentation approach to judgment aggregation problems. Indeed the question of how individual evaluations can be combined into a collective one can also be addressed in abstract argumentation. We introduce three aggregation operators that satisfy the condition above, and we offer two definitions of compatibility. Not only does our proposal satisfy a good number of standard judgment aggregation postulates, but it also avoids the problem of individual members of a group having to become committed to a group judgment that is in conflict with their own individual positions.

Cities around the world have taken the process of local politics outside the field of professional expertise and legitimate culture to allow for greater local participation. In the context of increased urban change, funding cuts and administrative reforms but also citizen’s political disaffection, methodologies to engage inhabitants with their neighbourhoods have been developed in France and Britain over the last 15 years. This chapter focuses on one of the most efficient and popular of such schemes worldwide, participatory budgeting, which chimes surprisingly well with New Public Management practices. The untapped field of research enquiry lies in understanding developments in participatory budgeting in London and Paris, with an attention to the wider context and scale (from global to national, city, districts and neighbourhoods levels). Conclusions highlight that participatory budgeting needs clear political insight, willpower, funding and local tailoring to be successfully implemented and questions its capacity to outlive change in political parties and leaders. The chapter then identifies the conditions and variables for such programmes to encourage progressive cities characterized by more conviviality, inclusion, distributive justice and environmental sustainability. The chapter isolates elements of progressivism in PB in London and Paris whose models grew further apart in the period until 2016. While Paris has refined its practice year on, London boroughs community budgets have become scarce, as a result of lack of public funding and democratic empowerment, confirming the view that “economic growth [is] a failing and insufficient criteria to create good governance and liveable cities, as opposed to civic involvement” (Cho and Douglass, Introduction). Participatory budgeting is therefore a flexible instrument which can wave without having left much trace or trigger more wide-ranging improvements and further democratic rights.

This paper describes the development of courses in the field of digital design that use Arduino boards as their main platforms. Arduino offers an intuitive development environment and multiple hardware and software resources that allow rapid development of microcontroller-based projects. However, due to the vast amount of information available, students were losing the capability to design their own prototypes. We propose a methodology that introduces the study of microcontrollers using Arduino to develop different types of projects and proceeds to study the system architecture to gain control on the device. This methodology has been used in an undergraduate course in microcontrollers and a graduate course in advanced techniques in digital design. The students of the microcontrollers course showed improved design skills and motivation compared to the students from previous versions of the course. With respect to the advanced techniques in digital design course, the students were able to take advantage of Arduino platform to gain a deep understanding of hardware/software co-design of embedded systems.

PurposeResource allocation is challenged by dynamic environments where changes are frequent. The purpose of this paper is to identify resource allocation challenges and practices in service units that perform both project and non-project activities in dynamic environments. Its goal is to show that top-down mechanisms of project resource allocation need to be replaced by or supplemented with mechanisms that are more flexible.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative comparative case study was conducted in two service units of two project-based firms. The main source of data consisted of semi-structured interviews with 17 service managers and staff members.FindingsThis study shows that resource allocation is not necessarily a top-down process at all, and the practices are context-dependent. Two more flexible approaches are revealed – hybrid resource allocation and bottom-up resource allocation – as examples of managing resource allocation in service units that engage in projects under uncertain conditions. The results of the analysis highlight prioritisation and adapting to change and delay as the main issues that managers face in allocating resources to different types of projects and service activities in dynamic environments.Research limitations/implicationsThe two target companies chosen for the qualitative research design limit the analysis to project-based firms in a business-to-business context. Further, the viewpoint of the service unit is central to the study. Studying project resource allocation in different organisational contexts and uncovering the perspectives of product development and delivery units would offer promising directions for future research.Practical implicationsThe study reveals that in dynamic project settings such as service organisations, top-down mechanisms of resource allocation need to be accompanied by other, more flexible approaches to ensure the sufficient resourcing of projects and related services in dynamic environments. Companies need to establish practices for resource allocation changes that are caused by re-prioritising tasks and accommodating changes and delays in their project and service activities.Originality/valueCompared to a top-down perspective taken in previous research, the study proposes a more flexible approach for resource allocation in constantly changing environments with different project and service activities. Previous studies have focussed on resource competition between projects, placing project managers in the central role for resource allocation. By contrast, this study discusses hybrid and bottom-up resource allocation, both of which involve broader personnel engagement in resource allocation tasks, drawing on the experience of all employees.

OVERVIEW:Accelerated product development is key to new product success. But most prescriptions for cycle time reduction are based on little hard evidence. This article reports the results of an extensive study of 103 new product projects, with a particular focus on the drivers of both reduced cycle time (on-schedule performance and time-efficient developments) and profitability. The use of a true cross-functional team, undertaking solid up-front homework before development began, a strong market orientation (building in "the voice of the customer"), quality of execution, and getting sharp, early product definition were some of the common ingredients of projects that were both on time and fast-to-market. While profitability and speed were linked, there was not the one-to-one relationship that many imagine. Finally, developing a unique, superior product which delivered real value to the customer was no less time efficient than developing "me-too" products.

The last two European fisheries funds have provided an opportunity to finance projects seeking the development and job creation in fishing dependent areas. In this line, Fisheries Local Action Groups (FLAGs) have been created and they have been financing different types of projects, many of them linked to fisheries diversification through tourism. A part of these projects is linked to the recovery and enhancement of the marine and fishing culture, which has made possible the creation of a very complete network of maritime museums, cultural routes, etc. This work aims to identify, quantify and characterize cultural projects related to fishing financed in Spain through European fishing funds. A total of 136 cultural projects in five different categories have been found. The most popular projects through the two founding programs are related to tangible and intangible heritage projects and museums. The number of projects more or less maintained throughout the two periods is analyzed. Projects related to routes have been reduced by half from the first founding program, while festival projects more than doubled in the second founding program over the first.KeywordsCultural tourismFisheries heritageFishing tourismMarine cultureEuropean fisheries fundsFLAGSJEL ClassificationQ22Z32F64