A hybrid statistical decision-making optimization approach for groundwater vulnerability considering uncertainty

Groundwater resources are essential for drinking water, irrigation, and the economy mainly in semiarid environments where rainfall is limited. Currently, unpredictable rainfall due to climate change and pollution on the Earth’s surface directly affects groundwater resources. In this area, most people depend on groundwater resources for irrigation and drinking purposes, and every summer, most of the area depends on groundwater in a semiarid environment. Hence, we selected two popular methods, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and multiple influence factor (MIF) methods, which can be applied to map groundwater potential zones. Nine thematic layers, such as land use and land cover (LULC), geomorphology, soil, drainage density, slope, lineament density, elevation, groundwater level, and geology maps, were selected for this study using remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques. These layers are integrated in ArcGIS 10.5 software with the help of the AHP and MIF methods. The map of the groundwater potential zones in the study area revealed four classes, i.e., poor, moderate, good, and very good, based on the AHP and MF methods. The groundwater potential zone area is 241.50 (ha) Poor, 285.64 (ha) moderate, 408.31 (ha) good, and 92.75 (ha) very good using the AHP method. Similarly, the MIF method revealed that the groundwater potential classes were divided into four classes: 351.29 (ha) poor, 511.18 (ha), moderate, 123.95 (ha) good, and 41.78 (ha) very good. The results were compared to determine which methods are best for planning water and land resource development in specific areas that have basaltic rock and drought conditions. Both groundwater potential zone maps were validated with water yield data. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) model results are found to be 0.80 (good) and 0.93 (excellent) using the MIF and AHP methods, respectively; hence, the AHP method is best for delineation of groundwater potential zone maps and groundwater resource planning. The present study’s framework and the results will be valuable for improving the efficiency of irrigation, conserving rainwater and maintaining the ecosystem in India.

Water is one of the most important substances on earth. Two- thirds of the earth’s surface is covered with water. The aim of the current study was to use remote sensing GIS technology to assess groundwater contamination and vulnerability in the Kanyakumari District of Tamil Nadu, India. Due to industrial and agricultural activity, the main stream of the study area is extremely polluted. To analyses groundwater contamination, the DRASTIC parameters, depth to groundwater (D), net groundwater recharge (R), aquifer media (A), soil media (S), topography (T), influence of the vadose zone (I) and hydraulic conductivity (C) were used. Based on past research, these criteria were awarded a rank and weight. After combining the parameters, the final result was classified into five groups: very low, low, moderate, high, and very high vulnerability. The chloride content in groundwater was used to verify the groundwater vulnerability map. According to the findings, about 42% of the research region suffers from high to extremely severe groundwater contamination. The DRASTIC index ranks vulnerability from very low to very high, with very low vulnerability areas scoring 2%, low scoring 21.42%, moderate scoring 44.79%, high scoring 28.01%, and very highly vulnerable areas scoring 3.79%. Only 3.79 % of the land was found to be in the high vulnerability zone (DRASTIC index values between 138 and 175), and this was concentrated in the middle of the research region. Not surprisingly, the areas of highest industrial activity and population density also have the highest quantities of Cl in nearby wells. Due to their hydrogeological location and inappropriate agricultural practice, the central areas of the research region are more at risk of groundwater contamination, as shown by the results. The final findings will aid in the correct management and development of the study area’s accessible groundwater resources.

In this study, it is aimed to examine the studies based on the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method in the field of education and to present the researcher's perspective on how to use the AHP method in the field of education. Within the scope of this aim, firstly the AHP method was introduced with a sample application and then the results were interpreted. The other aim of the research; studies which based on the AHP methods in the field of education in the last five years have been examined through content analysis. AHP; is one of the “Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDC)” methods that can determine the priority or weights among the criteria and alternatives based on comparative judgments. The content analysis conducted within the scope of the research was carried out in the context of eight criteria determined by the researchers. According to the results of the analysis; the AHP method has shown an increasing tendency compared to the years, and usually is used for determining and prioritizing teaching priorities. Especially in Asia Pacific countries, the AHP method is used much more intensive. Another result is that the AHP method is used to make group decisions rather than individual decisions. It has been seen that the research has been done especially with undergraduate students. In addition to these, there are lots of studies with academicians and experts.

With the rapid development of science and technology, new technology is starting to be used in various fields including education. Education has a very important progress in a nation, because it can optimize individual potential. The educational process in higher education has a big influence on a student's future. However, there are many students who experience difficulties in choosing a college major after graduating from vocational high school (SMK) or senior high school (SMA), because of the complexity in identifying the suitability between interests and study programs. Decision making is a problem that everyone faces, especially in choosing an appropriate college major. There are many factors to consider, and with many options available, the decision-making process can be difficult. To overcome this problem, this research aims to create a decision support system (DSS) using the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) and TOPSIS (Technique For Order By Similarity To Ideal Solution) methods. The AHP method is used to solve complex problems by structuring a hierarchy of criteria and developing weights or priorities. However, when the AHP method is used with many criteria and alternatives, other methods are needed for more effective results. Therefore, a combined method of AHP and TOPSIS was chosen, where AHP focuses on pairwise comparison matrices and consistency analysis, while TOPSIS can measure relative performance and alternative decision making simply and efficiently. The results of research on decision support systems for selecting majors using the AHP and TOPSIS methods show that the application of the combined AHP-TOPSIS method can be used to determine the best alternative in selecting majors by comparing alternatives based on predetermined criteria. In addition, system testing results show that the system functions as expected and meets user needs. With a decision support system for selecting college majors implemented on the website, it can simplify the decision-making process for students and BK teachers in choosing college majors. The results of the calculation of the percentage of system feasibility in blackbox testing show a value of 95.71%, which indicates that this major selection decision support system website can be used.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate groundwater contamination vulnerability in the Raipur region using a Geographic Information System (GIS) based model. Researchers have worked on this method in the past, but none attempted to apply this method to the Raipur region. Various hydrogeological layers of the model i.e., water table depth, unsaturated conditions, soil media, net recharge, topographic slope, aquifer media, and hydraulic conductivity have been weighted as well as classified, integrated into the GIS environment to obtain groundwater contamination vulnerability zones (GVI). The (VI) estimated ranges between 84 to 215. Furthermore, the outcome shows that 5.42% of the region shows very low vulnerability and 14.26% of the region indicates very high vulnerability. Groundwater samples of ten locations were obtained from the delineated groundwater vulnerability zones to validate the model outcomes. The nitrate concentration was observed in the low groundwater vulnerable zone is < 15 mg/l, whereas it ranges from 15-40 mg/l in the moderate groundwater vulnerable zone and more than 40mg/l in the highly vulnerable zone of groundwater. The model approach SINTACS vulnerability index (SVI) is found to be well correlated with the nitrate concentration of the region and is appropriate for GVA of Raipur city. This model approach implemented was therefore found to be efficient for the area’s prevailing hydrogeological settings.

Assessment of groundwater vulnerability and risk to pollution in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

&#x0D; Strategies to buy a house, consumers often experience problems in determining the house to be purchased, because each house has different characteristics. These characteristics will be used as reference considerations in determining which house to buy. In this study, the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method was used to weight the criteria and test the level of consistency with the pairwise comparison matrix. If the matrix has been consistent, then it can be continued to rank to determine the chosen alternative by using input weighting criteria obtained from the AHP method. To overcome the above problems, it is necessary to build a decision support system by implementing a ranking that can make it easier to determine House Selection using the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method. Of the 9 sample houses in the Cepu area, the highest was the Housing of Zam Zam Cepu Type 38/78 with a total value of 2,84564719.

This study aims to provide recommendations for gaming laptops using the AHP method with criteria for Hardware used, Graphics Card, Design, Cooling System, Reliability, Connectivity, Price, so that it becomes a solution for gamers in choosing the right laptop for gaming. The decision support system for gaming laptop selection recommendations developed is implemented using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Where the AHP method can describe complex multi-factor or multi-criteria problems into a hierarchy, then the importance of each variable is given a subjective numerical value to be compared with other variables through a paired comparison matrix. Based on the assessment results using the AHP method, a recommendation for choosing the first gaming laptop by Dell Gaming G15 with a value of 0.806, the second model recommendation was obtained by Acer Nitro with a value of 0.5745, the third model recommendation was obtained by MSI Bravo 15 B5DD with a value of 0.524.

Purpose – Sustainability in food sector is the need of the hour. It has been revealed that Green supply chain management (GSCM) is an emerging new and effective approach to improve the productivity, efficiency of any enterprises and to achieve sustainability. The purpose of this paper is to rank the key performance indicators which are responsible for implementation of GSCM in Indian dairy sector. Ranking is done by giving weightage to them based on survey reports. The study includes literature review, personal interviews and surveys using the detailed questionnaire. Since food processing industry, e.g. dairy industry is the major energy user and directly affecting the health of public is being chosen for implementing GSCM practices. The approach is to form an effective framework for successful implementation of GSCM in dairy sector. Grouping of key performance indicators has been done using factor analysis and thereafter Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method has been applied to determine the suitable framework based on relative importance of critical factors. Design/methodology/approach – The first step was to identify critical factors through extensive literature review, personal interviews, etc. The personal interviews has been carried out by contacting executives, managers, professionals of various dairy industries. Data has also been collected by interviewing auditors of ISO 14001 which was responsible for implementation of Environmental management system. Questionnaire used for collecting data has been formulated based on critical factors. It is also used to study minute details of the process being used in dairy industry. After collection of sufficient data SPSS is used for grouping of data through factor analysis. Thereafter AHP method has been used to identify the relative importance of these factors by ranking it which can be used by the managers in developing model/framework for implementing GSCM. Findings – The work aims to examine the critical factors of GSCM and its ranking so as to implement GSCM practices in dairy industry in Indian context. Detailed questionnaire based on 79 parameters has been used for survey in dairy industry in northern India. Grouping of these parameters has been done using factor analysis. The ranking of these identified critical factors has been used by using AHP which is used to see the relative importance of these eight factors. These ranked factors would be used by the managers of the dairy industry to implement GSCM. The work is limited to Indian dairy industry but it can be extended to other industry also after identification of critical factors. Originality/value – It is certified that this research work is original and has never been submitted or published in any journal.

Working Anywhere or Work From Anywhere (WFA) offers flexibility and convenience for employees to work from anywhere. Workers use communication technologies to stay connected, collaborate with teams, and manage tasks without being limited by geographic or physical space boundaries. However, in practice, applying the WFA model often faces complex challenges. Although technology has made it possible for employees to be virtually connected, some issues have arisen regarding work productivity in a WFA environment. Amid this dynamic, it is crucial to understand what factors contribute to employee work productivity in the WFA model. Several prior studies have conducted an analysis of those factors. However, there are still some gaps in the literature that raise the necessity of monitoring the actual conditions. It is necessary to gain more knowledge of how these factors are related to each other and how much they affect employees’ work productivity in the company. This study aims to optimize the factors and determine the influence of work productivity in the WFA environment using the Factor Analysis and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods. Factor analysis identifies and reduces interrelated dimensions in the data, while AHP addresses the selection of interrelated criteria and alternatives with a hierarchical structure between factors. These two methods were useful for extracting deeper information from the initial data, generating a stronger framework for reducing the complexity of the problem, and providing a more informative and effective decision. The study results obtained eight factors from the results of the literature review, which were then carried out by factor analysis, showing extraction into seven influencing factors and eliminating the work experience factor. In the AHP method, the factor with the highest weight shows that the factor that most influences work productivity is Communication Platform at 15.11%, and the lowest factor and weight is Work Type at 12.89%. The results from this study would considerably provide valuable insights for companies, organizations, and workers implementing the WFA model to increase productivity by taking into account the most significant factors.

Scheduling is one of the important things in teaching and learning process. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is a system analysis method that can be used to connect unstructured situation into a spesific part that used to make an effective decisions. The application of AHP based on the decomposition of objectives, evaluates values through pairwise comparisons in stages and able to choose the best alternative from some alternatives. The purpose of this study is to prove whether the AHP method can be used to determine scoring for the election of lecturer schedules and to knowing the result of AHP’s scoring The data in this study are: criteria of the subjects, lecturers, SKS, lecturer status, space, time to determine the score and alternative, namely in the form of even semester teachers. As for producing departmental recommendations, input is needed in the form of score resulting from the AHP calculation and calculating the space that shows the floor, day and course. This study uses comparative data and the same alternative from previous studies,that is scheduling data for the Even Semester of Mechanical Engineering Study Department that certain on scheduling for regular lectures. The final results of this study include several names that can be used for scheduling first. Judging from the previous research using the DS / AHP method, 17 lecturers got the order from 29 lecturers, but in this study, the whole can be sorted.

Pharmacy staff is a health service that needs to improve the quality of its service to answering customer expectations and demands. AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) and Rating Scale are powerful instruments as evaluation tools in management because they can assess the performance of the Hospital Pharmacy Installation. This study aims to analyze the performance of pharmacy officers in drug distribution using the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method and the Rating Scale at Bhayangkara Hospital Medan in 2020. This type of research is quantitative research. The research design uses a correlation study with a retrospective approach equipped with a sheet. Observations are in the form of a table list. The sample in this research is all officers involved in the distribution of drugs in the inpatient room of the Bhayangkara Hospital Medan who receive drug distribution from the pharmacy. The sampling technique in this study used a total sampling technique, namely taking a sample of the entire population in the study. Based on the sampling technique, the total sample was 57 people. The results of the cross table between the performance of pharmacy officers in drug distribution using the Rating Scale method in the Bhayangkara Hospital Installation in Medan in 2020, which shows the p-value for each variable, namely the quality p-value = 0.000, the quantity value p = 0.006, the use time value p = 0.000, the cooperation value p = 0.000. This study concludes that there is an influence between the performance of pharmacy officers in drug distribution using the AHP method and the Rating Scale at the Bhayangkara Hospital Installation in Medan in 2020. It is recommended that pharmaceutical officers further improve health services, especially paying attention to drug distribution for each installation in the hospital. Keywords: Performance, AHP, Rating Scale, Pharmacy Officers.

Groundwater vulnerability assessment using an improved DRASTIC method in GIS

The ecological environment of Northeastern Ordos Basin which located in the Northwestern China belongs to arid and semi-arid area. The hazards of water and soil loss here are serious caused by gully river erosion. Since Soil erosion is an important factor leading to the destruction of regional ecology and has a profound impact on the long-term and healthy development of the economy and society, it is necessary to do research on the sensitivity analysis about soil erosion. In this study, the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method was used to determine the index weight of the factors for soil erosion, and made it more consistent with the whole regional condition. The results demonstrated that the soil medium, slope and vegetation coverage had the highest influence on soil erosion under the same climatic and meteorological conditions in the study area. This research evaluated the sensitivity factors and provided a significant guidance for soil erosion control.

There is a need to increase the effectiveness and efficiency with which the operational fund budget is managed at RSUD Brigjend H. Hasan Basry Kandangan. Declining revenue projections and limited resources mean that hospitals must determine budget priorities in an objective and measurable way. This research aims to analyse the application of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to determine operational fund budget priorities, providing recommendations to support more effective decision-making in a hospital environment. A qualitative approach was used, involving data collection through interviews and documentation, and analysis using the AHP method with the assistance of Expert Choice 11 software to compare criteria and service alternatives. The results showed that the main criteria for determining budget priorities are potential income, market demand, operational costs and limited resources. The analysis prioritised home care services due to their high revenue potential and market demand. The application of AHP has also been proven to increase the efficiency, transparency and accountability of budget decision-making processes. This study concludes that the AHP method can be an effective tool for BLUD Hospital's operational budget prioritisation process. It is recommended that the method be integrated into all work units and supported by training for optimal application.