A Lightweight Cloud-Assisted Identity-Based Anonymous Authentication and Key Agreement Protocol for Secure Wireless Body Area Network

An enhanced 1-round authentication protocol for wireless body area networks with user anonymity

As one of the important applications of Internet of Health Things (IoHT) technology in the field of healthcare, wireless body area network (WBAN) has been widely used in medical therapy, and it can not only monitor and record physiological information but also transmit the data collected by sensor devices to the server in time. However, due to the unreliability and vulnerability of wireless network communication, as well as the limited storage and computing resources of sensor nodes in WBAN, a lot of authentication protocols for WBAN have been devised. In 2021, Alzahrani et al. designed an anonymous medical monitoring protocol, which uses lightweight cryptographic primitives for WBAN. However, we find that their protocol is defenseless to off-line identity guessing attacks, known-key attacks, and stolen-verifier attacks and has no perfect forward secrecy. Therefore, a patient monitoring protocol for WBAN in IoHT is proposed. We use security proof under the random oracle model (ROM) and automatic verification tool ProVerif to demonstrate that our protocol is secure. According to comparisons with related protocols, our protocol can achieve both high computational efficiency and security.

A recent major development in computer technology is the advent of the wearable computer system that is based on human-centric interface technology trends and ubiquitous computing environments. Wearable computer systems can be integrated with the wireless universal serial bus (WUSB) that refers to USB technology that is merged with WiMedia PHY/MAC technical specifications. A wireless body area network (WBAN) allows the integration of intelligent, miniaturized, low-power sensor nodes that monitor body functions and the surrounding environment. In this paper, we propose a method for multi-hop network extension of WUSB over WBAN protocol. Unlike a wired USB that physically separates the USB host and USB device, WUSB allows a device to separately function as both a WUSB host and WUSB device on a single transceiver; such devices are referred to as the dual role devices (DRD). By using this DRD function of WUSB protocol, we propose a WUSB clustering method to realize the multi-hop network extension of WUSB over WBAN protocol in wireless home networks. In the WUSB clustering method, a new DRD message format reserves 2-hop range private DRP (Distributed Reservation Protocol) resources. In the experiment results, efficiency of the WUSB clustering method is proven through throughput evaluation in viewpoints of medical and nonmedical multi-hop WBAN services.

As a major building block of Healthcare 4.0, wireless body area networks (WBANs) play an important role in collecting patient’s real-time physical phenomena through small wearable or implantable intelligent medical devices and communicating with remote medical experts using short-range wireless communication techniques. However, the challenges of securing information access are partly evidenced by the difficulty in designing secure and efficient security protocols. For example, existing authentication and key agreement schemes have either potential security vulnerabilities or high communication and computation overhead. In this article, we propose a lightweight and anonymous authentication and key agreement protocol, also called liteAuth, for WBANs. In our approach, mutual authentication and session key agreement are achieved using the Tinkerbell map-based random shuffling, physical unclonable function, one-way hash function, and bitwise exclusive OR operation. The security of liteAuth is first verified using the AVISPA tool, and then its cyber resilience is analyzed. In addition, we develop a real-world testbed, implement liteAuth and two existing schemes (i.e., PSLAP and HARCI), and conduct experiments for performance evaluation and analysis. Experimental results indicate that liteAuth can improve the performance of communication overhead and computation time as well as reduce energy consumption, while meeting all security requirements.

Nowadays, Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are used in many fields. WBANs are described as small sensor nodes that communicate wirelessly and provide services to the personal area. Quality of Service (QoS) is an essential issue for WBANs due to the importance of human life. QoS problems can only be solved with a robust Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol in WBANs. To find a solution to this problem, developers performed many MAC protocols for WBANs. ISO/IEEE 11073 health informatics defines the standard of personal health information and purposes to provide interoperability between medical technologies. This paper presents a MAC protocol that provides ISO/IEEE 11073 communication standards with QoS support, bases on cross-layer architecture. We designed a slot assignment scheme, prioritization mechanism, admission control mechanism to provide QoS. The performance evaluation of the proposed MAC protocol is compared with IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.15.6 protocols by considering end-to-end delay, packet loss ratio, and throughput parameters, and it has achieved out performance. It is observed that the proposed protocol doesn't exceed 45 ms delay, reached 81% traffic load, and a maximum error rate of 0.162%.

Context-aware anonymous authentication protocols in the internet of things dedicated to e-health applications

In the generation of communication technologies, IoT based WBAN enables inventive software to improve the quality of life of the patient, providing the healthcare provider helpful tools for monitoring the patient. However, there are sensitive information within the WBANs and insecure data violate the patient’s security and as a consequence may lead to wrong diagnosis or treatment. Authentication and key agreement schemes are considered crucial requirements to make communications secure. Furthermore, to achieve a level of high security in WBAN involves numerous challenges because of its resource constraints and critical applications. In this paper, We made a comparative performance study on authentication and key agreement on different schemes on the Internet of Things(IoT) based wireless body area network (WBAN) and reveals it has improved the security issues and increase the efficiency of the system.

The rapid development of low-power integrated circuits, wireless communication, intelligent sensors, and microelectronics has allowed the realization of wireless body area networks (WBANs), which can monitor patients’ vital body parameters remotely in real time to offer timely treatment. These vital body parameters are related to patients’ life and health; and these highly private data are subject to many security threats. To guarantee privacy, many secure communication protocols have been proposed. However, most of these protocols have a one-to-one structure in extra-body communication and cannot support multidisciplinary team (MDT). Hence, we propose a lightweight and certificateless multi-receiver secure data transmission protocol for WBANs to support MDT treatment in this article. In particular, a novel multi-receiver certificateless generalized signcryption (MR-CLGSC) scheme is proposed that can adaptively use only one algorithm to implement one of three cryptographic primitives: signature, encryption or signcryption. Then, a multi-receiver secure data transmission protocol based on the MR-CLGSC scheme with many security properties, such as data integrity and confidentiality, non-repudiation, anonymity, forward and backward secrecy, unlinkability and data freshness, is designed. Both security analysis and performance analysis show that the proposed protocol for WBANs is secure, efficient, and highly practical.

Wireless body area networks become a new research issue in recent years. In this paper, we propose hibernation and distance estimation schemes for wireless USB (WUSB) over wireless body area networks (WBAN) hierarchical protocol for body sensor networks (BSNs). The proposed middleware platform is composed of hibernation and optimal short distance estimation solution. Firstly, this paper provides WUSB private channel allocation scheme at the m-periodic allocation hibernation of a WBAN superframe. Secondly, three typical location estimation schemes of time difference of arrival (TDoA), frequency difference of arrival (FDoA), and angle of arrival (AoA) are analyzed through comparison of experiment results to propose optimal short distance estimation solution which is executed at each body sensor node on the basis of WUSB over WBAN protocol. And the WBAN host interprets status and motion of the body-sensor objects. The hybrid TDoA/FDoA/AoA algorithm based on UWB ranging shows best performances among the other hybrid schemes for wireless BSNs.

In a wireless body area network (WBAN), wireless biomedical sensors are placed around, on, or inside the human body. Given specific requirements, WBANs can significantly improve healthcare, diagnostic monitoring, and other medical services. However, the existing standards such as IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.15.4 have some limitations to meet all the requirements of WBANs. Many medium access control (MAC) protocols have been studied so far, most of which are derived from the IEEE 802.15.4 superframe structure with some improvements and adjustments. However, the MAC protocols do not provide the required quality of service (QoS) for various types of traffic in a WBAN. In this paper, a traffic-aware MAC (TA-MAC) protocol for WBANs is proposed, in which time slots are dynamically allocated on the basis of traffic priority, providing the required QoS. According to the performance evaluation results, the proposed TA-MAC is better than IEEE 802.15.4 MAC and the conventional priority-based MAC in terms of transmission time, system throughput, energy efficiency, and collision ratio.

The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) is gradually changing people’s lives and is widely used in various fields. Wireless body area networks (WBAN) and vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANET) are typical examples of IoT applications. In both environments, an attacker can tamper, intercept, and eavesdrop on data transmitted in the public channel. Therefore, it is necessary to design authentication and key agreement (AKA) protocols to protect the communication of entities. Recently, Wu et al. proposed a novel AKA protocol in WBAN. Jagriti et al. proposed an anonymous AKA protocol in VANET. In this paper, we analyse of Wu et al.’s protocol and Jagriti et al.’s protocol, respectively. Unfortunately, we find that Wu et al.’s protocol cannot resist sensor node capture attacks, and Jagriti et al.’s protocol cannot resist session key disclosure attacks, on board unit (OBU) capture attacks, and man-in-the-middle attacks. Finally, we propose some suggestions for the two protocols.

Power efficient ultra-wideband based wireless communication for wireless body area network applications

We propose a middleware platform built on wireless USB (WUSB) over wireless body area networks (WBAN) hierarchical protocol for wearable health-monitoring systems (WHMS). The proposed middleware platform is composed of time-synchronization and localization solutions. It is executed on the basis of WUSB over WBAN protocol at each wearable sensor node comprising the WHMS. In the platform, firstly, the time-synchronization middleware is executed. After that, a WHMS host calculates the location of a receiving sensor node by using the difference between the times at which the sensor node received different WBAN beacon frames sent from the WHMS host. The WHMS host interprets the status and motion of the wearable body-sensor objects.

Nowadays, the design and construction of efficient internet of things (IoTs) has become a new strategies for improving living quality of all aspects. Emerging as one of the most significant extension of medical IoTs, wireless body area networks (WBANs) is capable of monitoring crucial physiological and behavioral information through wearable sensors, offering a new paradigm for the next-generation healthcare systems. As a matter of fact, due to the inherent open wireless communicating characteristics, data security and user privacy issues of WBANs have attracted attentions from both industry and academia. So far, lots of relevant researches emphasize on secure transmission and privacy protection. However, the computation and communication limitations for individual WBAN sensor have not been taken proper consideration. Moreover, the implementation of cloud computing infrastructure has provided WBANs with superior transmission and processing qualities. Emphasizing on the above issues, this paper construct a pairing-free authentication and sensor cooperation scheme in cloud-assisted WBANs, where most of the practical requirements for WBAN sensors could be satisfied. Our design guarantee the sensor anonymity in the whole transmission session. Note that our design offers pairing-free validation procedure followed with active sensor cooperation, which is suitable for massive sensor scenarios. The security analysis proves that our designed scheme is capable of achieving desired security properties and offer adequate resistances to the charted malicious attacks. Meanwhile, security comparison demonstrates that the proposed protocol is secure compared with the state-of-the-arts.

In recent years, Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) has emerged as a new technology which allows human body monitoring. Because of their enormous benefits, the use of this type of wireless networks is surprisingly increasing day by day and it has a strong presence in several domains. However, WBAN has many challenges yet to be resolved. Security is the most crucial issue. In this paper, we propose a novel key agreement scheme termed Physiological-Feature-based Key Agreement (PFKA) as a biometric based security system. The proposed scheme allows sensors belonging the same WBAN to agree on a symmetric cryptographic key generated from overlapping physiological signal features. On one hand, security analysis shows that our protocol can guarantee data confidentiality, authenticity and integrity. In the other hand, performance analysis show that our scheme reduces communication overhead in comparison with the other proposal protocol termed Secure and Efficient Ordered-Physiological-Feature-based Key Agreement for Wireless Body Area Networks (OPFKA).